메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 69-89

Taxonomy and diversity of Afroalpine Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) on Mount Kenya and the Rwenzori Mountains, East Africa

Author keywords

Aquatic biodiversity; Biogeography; Chironomidae; Lake temperature; Lake zoobenthos; Mount Kenya; Mountain lakes; Rwenzori; Taxonomy

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIOINDICATOR; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; FLY; LACUSTRINE ENVIRONMENT; MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY;

EID: 33845656982     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: 13652699     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01590.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (106)
  • 1
    • 0038659866 scopus 로고
    • Lerheimia, a new genus of Orthocladiinae from Africa (Diptera, Chironominae)
    • Andersen, T. & Sæther, O.A. (1993) Lerheimia, a new genus of Orthocladiinae from Africa (Diptera, Chironominae). Spixiana, 16, 105-112.
    • (1993) Spixiana , vol.16 , pp. 105-112
    • Andersen, T.1    Sæther, O.A.2
  • 2
    • 0038321199 scopus 로고
    • Colosmittia clavata gen. n., sp. n., a new Orthoclad from the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania (Diptera: Chironomidae)
    • Andersen, T. & Sæther, O.A. (1994a) Colosmittia clavata gen. n., sp. n., a new Orthoclad from the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 66, 439-443.
    • (1994) Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , vol.66 , pp. 439-443
    • Andersen, T.1    Sæther, O.A.2
  • 3
    • 84972804567 scopus 로고
    • Usambaromyia nigrala gen. n., sp. n. and Usambaromyiinae, a new subfamily among the Chironomidae (Diptera)
    • Andersen, T. & Sæther, O.A. (1994b) Usambaromyia nigrala gen. n., sp. n. and Usambaromyiinae, a new subfamily among the Chironomidae (Diptera). Aquatic Insects, 16, 21-29.
    • (1994) Aquatic Insects , vol.16 , pp. 21-29
    • Andersen, T.1    Sæther, O.A.2
  • 5
    • 0002634563 scopus 로고
    • Late Cretaceous and Tertiary vegetation history of Africa
    • (ed. by M.J.A. Werger), Junk, The Hague
    • Axelrod, D.I. & Raven, P.H. (1978) Late Cretaceous and Tertiary vegetation history of Africa. Biogeography and ecology of Southern Africa (ed. by M.J.A. Werger), pp. 77-130. Junk, The Hague.
    • (1978) Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa , pp. 77-130
    • Axelrod, D.I.1    Raven, P.H.2
  • 6
    • 0023744068 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong-Naivasha-Kinangop region, Gregory Rift valley, Kenya
    • Barker, P.A., Mitchell, J.G. & Williams, L.A.J. (1988) Stratigraphy, geochronology and volcano-tectonic evolution of the Kedong-Naivasha-Kinangop region, Gregory Rift valley, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society London, 145, 107-116.
    • (1988) Journal of the Geological Society London , vol.145 , pp. 107-116
    • Barker, P.A.1    Mitchell, J.G.2    Williams, L.A.J.3
  • 7
    • 0033970676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palaeolimnological approaches to climate change, with special regard to the biological record
    • Battarbee, R.W. (2000) Palaeolimnological approaches to climate change, with special regard to the biological record. Quaternary Science Review, 19, 107-124.
    • (2000) Quaternary Science Review , vol.19 , pp. 107-124
    • Battarbee, R.W.1
  • 8
    • 0012246943 scopus 로고
    • The chironomid fauna of a high alpine lake (Vorderer Firstertaler See), Tyrol, Austria, 2237m asl
    • Bretschko, G. (1974) The chironomid fauna of a high alpine lake (Vorderer Firstertaler See), Tyrol, Austria, 2237m asl. Entomologisk Tidskift Supplement, 95, 22-33.
    • (1974) Entomologisk Tidskift Supplement , vol.95 , pp. 22-33
    • Bretschko, G.1
  • 9
    • 0030818416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flightless insects: A test case for historical relationships of African mountains
    • Brühl, C.A. (1997) Flightless insects: a test case for historical relationships of African mountains. Journal of Biogeography, 24, 233-250.
    • (1997) Journal of Biogeography , vol.24 , pp. 233-250
    • Brühl, C.A.1
  • 12
    • 0038321206 scopus 로고
    • Zur Kenntnis der Jugendstadien von Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus (Becker, 1908) (Diptera, Nematocera, Chironomidae). Zeitschrift Arbeitsgem
    • Contreras-Lichtenberg, R. (1988) Zur Kenntnis der Jugendstadien von Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus (Becker, 1908) (Diptera, Nematocera, Chironomidae). Zeitschrift Arbeitsgem. Öster-reichischer Entomologen, 40, 45-48.
    • (1988) Öster-reichischer Entomologen , vol.40 , pp. 45-48
    • Contreras-Lichtenberg, R.1
  • 13
    • 0000151075 scopus 로고
    • Contribution à l'étude des premiers états des chironomides du Tchad (Insectes, Diptères) (1e note)
    • Dejoux, C. (1968) Contribution à l'étude des premiers états des chironomides du Tchad (Insectes, Diptères) (1e note). Hydrobiologia, 31, 449-464.
    • (1968) Hydrobiologia , vol.31 , pp. 449-464
    • Dejoux, C.1
  • 15
    • 0037623078 scopus 로고
    • Contribution à l'étude des premiers états des chironomides du Tchad (Insectes, Diptères) (5e note). Description de Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) deribae et Polypedilum (Polypedilum) fuscipienne
    • Dejoux, C. (1971) Contribution à l'étude des premiers états des chironomides du Tchad (Insectes, Diptères) (5e note). Description de Chironomus (Cryptochironomus) deribae et Polypedilum (Polypedilum) fuscipienne. Cahier de l'Office de la Reserche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer Série Hydrobiologie, 5, 87-100.
    • (1971) Cahier de l'Office de la Reserche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer Série Hydrobiologie , vol.5 , pp. 87-100
    • Dejoux, C.1
  • 16
    • 0037623073 scopus 로고
    • Contribution à l'étude des premiers états des chironomides du Tchad (Insectes, Diptères) (6e note). Description de Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus) ceratophylli n. sp.
    • Dejoux, C. (1973) Contribution à l'étude des premiers états des chironomides du Tchad (Insectes, Diptères) (6e note). Description de Tanytarsus (Rheotanytarsus) ceratophylli n. sp. Cahier de l'Office de la Reserche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer Série Hydrobiologie, 6, 65-75.
    • (1973) Cahier de l'Office de la Reserche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer Série Hydrobiologie , vol.6 , pp. 65-75
    • Dejoux, C.1
  • 17
    • 0004732810 scopus 로고
    • Glaciations of Mount Kilimanjaro, northeast Tanpanyika
    • Downie, C. (1964) Glaciations of Mount Kilimanjaro, northeast Tanpanyika. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1, 1-16.
    • (1964) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Downie, C.1
  • 19
    • 0038276048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub-fossil Chironomidae from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa 1. Tanypodinae and Orthocladiinae
    • Eggermont, H. & Verschuren, D. (2003a) Sub-fossil Chironomidae from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa 1. Tanypodinae and Orthocladiinae. Journal of Paleolimnology, 29, 31-48.
    • (2003) Journal of Paleolimnology , vol.29 , pp. 31-48
    • Eggermont, H.1    Verschuren, D.2
  • 20
    • 0038306563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub-fossil Chironomidae from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa 2. Chironomini and Tanytarsini
    • Eggermont, H. & Verschuren, D. (2003b) Sub-fossil Chironomidae from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa 2. Chironomini and Tanytarsini. Journal of Paleolimnology, 29, 423-457.
    • (2003) Journal of Paleolimnology , vol.29 , pp. 423-457
    • Eggermont, H.1    Verschuren, D.2
  • 21
    • 12344328805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub-fossil Chironomidae from East Africa. 1. Tanypodinae and Orthocladiinae
    • Eggermont, H. & Verschuren, D. (2004a) Sub-fossil Chironomidae from East Africa. 1. Tanypodinae and Orthocladiinae. Journal of Paleolimnology, 32, 383-412.
    • (2004) Journal of Paleolimnology , vol.32 , pp. 383-412
    • Eggermont, H.1    Verschuren, D.2
  • 22
    • 12344267172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub-fossil Chironomidae from East Africa. 2. Chironominae (Chironomini and Tanytarsini)
    • Eggermont, H. & Verschuren, D. (2004b) Sub-fossil Chironomidae from East Africa. 2. Chironominae (Chironomini and Tanytarsini). Journal of Paleolimnology, 32, 413-455.
    • (2004) Journal of Paleolimnology , vol.32 , pp. 413-455
    • Eggermont, H.1    Verschuren, D.2
  • 23
    • 33745833404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossil Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) as quantitative indicators of past salinity variation in African lakes
    • Eggermont, H., Heiri, O. & Verschuren, D. (2006) Fossil Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) as quantitative indicators of past salinity variation in African lakes. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25, 1966-1984.
    • (2006) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.25 , pp. 1966-1984
    • Eggermont, H.1    Heiri, O.2    Verschuren, D.3
  • 24
    • 3042531958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core
    • EPICA
    • EPICA (2004) Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core. Nature, 429, 623-628.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.429 , pp. 623-628
  • 25
    • 0002146893 scopus 로고
    • Biosystematics of the genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) of the world
    • Epler, J.H. (1988) Biosystematics of the genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) of the world. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 36, 1-214.
    • (1988) Memoirs of the American Entomological Society , vol.36 , pp. 1-214
    • Epler, J.H.1
  • 28
    • 0001046612 scopus 로고
    • A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, Part 1. Bull Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)
    • Freeman, P. (1955) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, Part 1. Bull Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 4, 1-67.
    • (1955) Entomology , vol.4 , pp. 1-67
    • Freeman, P.1
  • 29
    • 0037961364 scopus 로고
    • A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, Part 2. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)
    • Freeman, P. (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, Part 2. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 5, 285-366.
    • (1956) Entomology , vol.5 , pp. 285-366
    • Freeman, P.1
  • 30
    • 0038659870 scopus 로고
    • A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, Part 3. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)
    • Freeman, P. (1957) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara, Part 3. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 5, 323-426.
    • (1957) Entomology , vol.5 , pp. 323-426
    • Freeman, P.1
  • 31
  • 32
    • 0000205077 scopus 로고
    • Littoral and offshore communities of diatoms, cladocerans and dipterous larvae, and their interpretation in paleolimnology
    • Frey, D.G. (1988) Littoral and offshore communities of diatoms, cladocerans and dipterous larvae, and their interpretation in paleolimnology. Journal of Paleolimnology, 1, 179-191.
    • (1988) Journal of Paleolimnology , vol.1 , pp. 179-191
    • Frey, D.G.1
  • 33
    • 0002324827 scopus 로고
    • Phytogeographical researches on Mt. Kenya, and Mt. Aberdara, British East Africa
    • Fries, R.E. & Fries, T.C.E. (1948) Phytogeographical researches on Mt. Kenya, and Mt. Aberdara, British East Africa. Kundliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 25, 1-54.
    • (1948) Kundliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar , vol.25 , pp. 1-54
    • Fries, R.E.1    Fries, T.C.E.2
  • 34
    • 0033939784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of tropospheric and stratospheric temperature trends to radiosonde data quality
    • Gaffen, D.J., Sargent, M.A., Habermann, R.E. & Lanzante, J.R. (2000) Sensitivity of tropospheric and stratospheric temperature trends to radiosonde data quality. Journal of Climatology, 13, 1776-1796.
    • (2000) Journal of Climatology , vol.13 , pp. 1776-1796
    • Gaffen, D.J.1    Sargent, M.A.2    Habermann, R.E.3    Lanzante, J.R.4
  • 35
    • 0037131359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kilimanjaro's secrets revealed
    • Gasse, F. (2002) Kilimanjaro's secrets revealed. Science, 298, 548-549.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 548-549
    • Gasse, F.1
  • 36
    • 0026271275 scopus 로고
    • Glacial interglacial cycles and development of the Afroalpine ecosystem on East African mountains II: Origins and development of the biotic component
    • Harmsen, R., Spence, J.R. & Mahaney, W.C. (1991) Glacial interglacial cycles and development of the Afroalpine ecosystem on East African mountains II: origins and development of the biotic component. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 12, 513-523.
    • (1991) Journal of African Earth Sciences , vol.12 , pp. 513-523
    • Harmsen, R.1    Spence, J.R.2    Mahaney, W.C.3
  • 37
    • 0007770856 scopus 로고
    • Chironomidae from Ethiopia. Part 1. Tanypodinae (Insecta, Diptera)
    • Harrison, A.D. (1991) Chironomidae from Ethiopia. Part 1. Tanypodinae (Insecta, Diptera). Spixiana, 14, 45-69.
    • (1991) Spixiana , vol.14 , pp. 45-69
    • Harrison, A.D.1
  • 38
    • 0007770052 scopus 로고
    • Chironomidae from Ethiopia. Part 2. Orthocladiinae with two new species and a key to Thienemanniella Kieffer (Insecta: Diptera)
    • Harrison, A.D. (1992) Chironomidae from Ethiopia. Part 2. Orthocladiinae with two new species and a key to Thienemanniella Kieffer (Insecta: Diptera). Spixiana, 15, 149-195.
    • (1992) Spixiana , vol.15 , pp. 149-195
    • Harrison, A.D.1
  • 39
    • 0037961359 scopus 로고
    • Dicrotendipes pilosimanus Kieffer: A description of all life stages, and features which distinguish it from Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus Becker (Insecta, Diptera: Chironomidae)
    • Harrison, A.D. (1993) Dicrotendipes pilosimanus Kieffer: a description of all life stages, and features which distinguish it from Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus Becker (Insecta, Diptera: Chironomidae). Annals of the Cape Provincial Museum (Natural History), 18, 357-370.
    • (1993) Annals of the Cape Provincial Museum (Natural History) , vol.18 , pp. 357-370
    • Harrison, A.D.1
  • 40
    • 0007821938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chironomidae from Ethiopia. Part 3. Chironomini, with description of a new species (Insecta, Diptera)
    • Harrison, A.D. (1996) Chironomidae from Ethiopia. Part 3. Chironomini, with description of a new species (Insecta, Diptera). Spixiana, 19, 43-87.
    • (1996) Spixiana , vol.19 , pp. 43-87
    • Harrison, A.D.1
  • 42
    • 0034233428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four new genera and species of Chironomidae (Diptera) from Southern Africa
    • Harrison, A.D. (2000b) Four new genera and species of Chironomidae (Diptera) from Southern Africa. Aquatic Insects, 22, 219-236.
    • (2000) Aquatic Insects , vol.22 , pp. 219-236
    • Harrison, A.D.1
  • 43
    • 0040516583 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of invertebrates endemic to acid streams in the Western and Southern Cape Province
    • Harrison, A.D. & Agnew, J.D. (1962) The distribution of invertebrates endemic to acid streams in the Western and Southern Cape Province. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museum (Natural History), 2, 273-291.
    • (1962) Annals of the Cape Provincial Museum (Natural History) , vol.2 , pp. 273-291
    • Harrison, A.D.1    Agnew, J.D.2
  • 45
    • 0029427381 scopus 로고
    • Glacier recession on Mount Kenya in the context of the global tropics
    • Hastenrath, S. (1995) Glacier recession on Mount Kenya in the context of the global tropics. Bulletin d'Institut Français d'Études Andines, 24, 633-638.
    • (1995) Bulletin d'Institut Français d'Études Andines , vol.24 , pp. 633-638
    • Hastenrath, S.1
  • 46
    • 0034923437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations of East African climate during the past two centuries
    • Hastenrath, S. (2001) Variations of East African climate during the past two centuries. Climatic Change, 50, 209-217.
    • (2001) Climatic Change , vol.50 , pp. 209-217
    • Hastenrath, S.1
  • 47
    • 17044367046 scopus 로고
    • Glacial fluctuation and vegetation succession on Tyndall Glacier, Mt Kenya
    • Hastenrath, S. & Kruss (1992) Glacial fluctuation and vegetation succession on Tyndall Glacier, Mt Kenya. Mountain Research and Development, 25, 68-75.
    • (1992) Mountain Research and Development , vol.25 , pp. 68-75
    • Hastenrath, S.1    Kruss2
  • 48
    • 0000625931 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation belts of the East African mountains
    • Hedberg, O. (1951) Vegetation belts of the East African mountains. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 45, 140-202.
    • (1951) Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift , vol.45 , pp. 140-202
    • Hedberg, O.1
  • 49
    • 0000941654 scopus 로고
    • Altitudinal zonation of the vegetation on the East African mountains
    • Hedberg, O. (1955) Altitudinal zonation of the vegetation on the East African mountains. Proceedings of the Linnean Society London, 165, 1952-1953.
    • (1955) Proceedings of the Linnean Society London , vol.165 , pp. 1952-1953
    • Hedberg, O.1
  • 50
    • 0002813297 scopus 로고
    • Afroalpine vascular plants. A taxonomic revision
    • Hedberg, O. (1957) Afroalpine vascular plants. A taxonomic revision. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses, 15, 1-32.
    • (1957) Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses , vol.15 , pp. 1-32
    • Hedberg, O.1
  • 51
    • 0000006498 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and evenness: A unifying notation and its consequences
    • Hill, M.O. (1973) Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology, 54, 427-432.
    • (1973) Ecology , vol.54 , pp. 427-432
    • Hill, M.O.1
  • 54
    • 0003880351 scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
    • Kingdom, J. (1989) Island Africa. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (1989) Island Africa
    • Kingdom, J.1
  • 55
    • 84974239056 scopus 로고
    • The larval cephalic setae in the Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) and their importance in generic determinations
    • Kowalyk, H.E. (1985) The larval cephalic setae in the Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) and their importance in generic determinations. Canadian Entomologist, 117, 67-106.
    • (1985) Canadian Entomologist , vol.117 , pp. 67-106
    • Kowalyk, H.E.1
  • 56
    • 0034813801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chironomids as indicators of climate change: A 100-lake training set from a subarctic region of northern Sweden (Lapland)
    • Larocque, I., Hall, R. & Grahm, E. (2001) Chironomids as indicators of climate change: a 100-lake training set from a subarctic region of northern Sweden (Lapland). Journal of Paleolimnology, 26, 307-322.
    • (2001) Journal of Paleolimnology , vol.26 , pp. 307-322
    • Larocque, I.1    Hall, R.2    Grahm, E.3
  • 57
    • 0010047079 scopus 로고
    • Chironomidae (Diptera) aus Fließgewässern Zentralafrikas (Systematik, Ökologie, Verbreitung und Produktionsbiologie), Teil I. Kivu-Gebiet, Ostzaire
    • Lehmann, J. (1979) Chironomidae (Diptera) aus Fließgewässern Zentralafrikas (Systematik, Ökologie, Verbreitung und Produktionsbiologie), Teil I. Kivu-Gebiet, Ostzaire. Spixiana Supplement, 3, 1-144.
    • (1979) Spixiana Supplement , vol.3 , pp. 1-144
    • Lehmann, J.1
  • 58
    • 0009976753 scopus 로고
    • Chironomidae (Diptera) aus Fließgewässern Zentralafrikas, Teil II. Die Region um Kisangani, Zentralzaire
    • Lehmann, J. (1981) Chironomidae (Diptera) aus Fließgewässern Zentralafrikas, Teil II. Die Region um Kisangani, Zentralzaire. Spixiana Supplement, 5, 1-85.
    • (1981) Spixiana Supplement , vol.5 , pp. 1-85
    • Lehmann, J.1
  • 61
    • 0008469810 scopus 로고
    • Die Crustaceen der ostafrikanischen Hochgebirgsseen
    • Löffler, H. (1968) Die Crustaceen der ostafrikanischen Hochgebirgsseen. Hochgebirgsforschung, 1, 1-61.
    • (1968) Hochgebirgsforschung , vol.1 , pp. 1-61
    • Löffler, H.1
  • 62
    • 0031415325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern diatom, cladocera, chironomid, and chrysophyte cyst assemblages as quantitative indicators for the reconstruction of past environmental conditions in the Alps. I. Climate
    • Lotter, A.F., Birks, H.J.B., Hofmann, W. & Marchetto, A. (1997) Modern diatom, cladocera, chironomid, and chrysophyte cyst assemblages as quantitative indicators for the reconstruction of past environmental conditions in the Alps. I. Climate. Journal of Paleolimnology, 18, 395-420.
    • (1997) Journal of Paleolimnology , vol.18 , pp. 395-420
    • Lotter, A.F.1    Birks, H.J.B.2    Hofmann, W.3    Marchetto, A.4
  • 65
    • 0006474875 scopus 로고
    • Notes on some larval and pupal chironomids (Diptera) from Lake Kariba, Rhodesia
    • McLachlan, A.J. (1969) Notes on some larval and pupal chironomids (Diptera) from Lake Kariba, Rhodesia. Journal of Natural History, 3, 261-293.
    • (1969) Journal of Natural History , vol.3 , pp. 261-293
    • McLachlan, A.J.1
  • 66
    • 0037444075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of increased incoming shortwave radiation to the retreat of the Rwenzori Glaciers, East Africa, during the 20th century
    • Mölg, T., Georges, C. & Kaser, G. (2003) The contribution of increased incoming shortwave radiation to the retreat of the Rwenzori Glaciers, East Africa, during the 20th century. International Journal of Climatology, 23, 291-303.
    • (2003) International Journal of Climatology , vol.23 , pp. 291-303
    • Mölg, T.1    Georges, C.2    Kaser, G.3
  • 67
    • 0001943933 scopus 로고
    • De Larven der Nederlandse Chironomidae (Diptera) - Inleiding, Tanypodinae en Chironominae
    • Moller-Pillot, H.K.M. (1984a) De Larven der Nederlandse Chironomidae (Diptera) - Inleiding, Tanypodinae en Chironominae. Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 1a, 1-277.
    • (1984) Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen , vol.1 A , pp. 1-277
    • Moller-Pillot, H.K.M.1
  • 68
    • 0001943933 scopus 로고
    • De Larven der Nederlandse Chironomidae (Diptera) - Orthocladiinae sensu lato
    • Moller-Pillot, H.K.M. (1984b) De Larven der Nederlandse Chironomidae (Diptera) - Orthocladiinae sensu lato. Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 1b, 1-175.
    • (1984) Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen , vol.1 B , pp. 1-175
    • Moller-Pillot, H.K.M.1
  • 69
    • 33845608493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rwenzori Mountains National Park, Uganda
    • (ed. by E. Gäntmer and C. Georger). Bartholomew. Glasgow
    • Osmaston, H. & Kaser, G. (2001) Rwenzori Mountains National Park, Uganda. Glaciers and Glaciations, (ed. by E. Gäntmer and C. Georger). Bartholomew. Glasgow.
    • (2001) Glaciers and Glaciations
    • Osmaston, H.1    Kaser, G.2
  • 70
    • 21344439572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Late Quaternary glaciation of Africa: A regional synthesis
    • Osmaston, H.A. & Harrison, S.P. (2005) The Late Quaternary glaciation of Africa: a regional synthesis. Quaternary International, 138, 32-54.
    • (2005) Quaternary International , vol.138 , pp. 32-54
    • Osmaston, H.A.1    Harrison, S.P.2
  • 71
    • 0031663876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revision of Afrotropical Polypedilum Kieffer subgen. Uresipedilum Sasa et Kikuchi, 1995 (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a review of the subgenus
    • Oyewo, E.A. & Sæther, O.A. (1998) Revision of Afrotropical Polypedilum Kieffer subgen. Uresipedilum Sasa et Kikuchi, 1995 (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a review of the subgenus. Annals of Limnology, 34, 315-362.
    • (1998) Annals of Limnology , vol.34 , pp. 315-362
    • Oyewo, E.A.1    Sæther, O.A.2
  • 72
    • 0000320647 scopus 로고
    • Benthic fauna of a tropical man-made lake (Volta Lake, Ghana 1965-1968)
    • Petr, T. (1972) Benthic fauna of a tropical man-made lake (Volta Lake, Ghana 1965-1968). Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 70, 484-533.
    • (1972) Archiv für Hydrobiologie , vol.70 , pp. 484-533
    • Petr, T.1
  • 74
    • 0001650567 scopus 로고
    • The habitats of chironomid larvae
    • (ed. by P. Armitage, P.S. Cranston and L.C.V. Pinder), Chapman and Hall, London
    • Pinder, L.C.V. (1995) The habitats of chironomid larvae. The Chironomidae: the biology and ecology of non-biting midges (ed. by P. Armitage, P.S. Cranston and L.C.V. Pinder), pp. 405-422. Chapman and Hall, London.
    • (1995) The Chironomidae: The Biology and Ecology of Non-biting Midges , pp. 405-422
    • Pinder, L.C.V.1
  • 75
    • 0035061287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowline depression in the tropics during the last Glaciation
    • Porter, S.C. (2001) Snowline depression in the tropics during the last Glaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20, 1067-1091.
    • (2001) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.20 , pp. 1067-1091
    • Porter, S.C.1
  • 76
    • 3242794782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primer-E Ltd Roborough, Plymouth
    • Primer-E Ltd (2001) Primer version 5.2.4. Roborough, Plymouth.
    • (2001) Primer Version 5.2.4
  • 77
    • 0002627481 scopus 로고
    • Global climate change: A three million year perspective
    • (ed. by G.J. Kukla and E. Went), Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Raymo, M.E. (1992) Global climate change: a three million year perspective. Start of a glacial (ed. by G.J. Kukla and E. Went), pp. 207-223. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
    • (1992) Start of a Glacial , pp. 207-223
    • Raymo, M.E.1
  • 78
    • 0035081136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An identification guide to sub-fossil Tanypodinae (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) based on cephalic setation
    • Rieradevall, M. & Brooks, S.J. (2001) An identification guide to sub-fossil Tanypodinae (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) based on cephalic setation. Journal of Paleolimnology, 25, 81-99.
    • (2001) Journal of Paleolimnology , vol.25 , pp. 81-99
    • Rieradevall, M.1    Brooks, S.J.2
  • 79
    • 0002731069 scopus 로고
    • Tropical alpine climates. Tropical alpine environments
    • (ed. by P.W. Rundel, A.P. Smith and F.C. Meinzer), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Rundel, P.W. (1994) Tropical alpine climates. Tropical alpine environments. Plant form and function (ed. by P.W. Rundel, A.P. Smith and F.C. Meinzer), pp. 21-44. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Plant Form and Function , pp. 21-44
    • Rundel, P.W.1
  • 80
    • 0002662235 scopus 로고
    • Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae)
    • Sæther, O.A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 14, 1-51.
    • (1980) Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement , vol.14 , pp. 1-51
    • Sæther, O.A.1
  • 81
    • 0003155609 scopus 로고
    • A review of the genus Limnophyes Eaton from the Holarctic and Afrotropical regions (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)
    • Sæther, O.A. (1990) A review of the genus Limnophyes Eaton from the Holarctic and Afrotropical regions (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 35, 1-139.
    • (1990) Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement , vol.35 , pp. 1-139
    • Sæther, O.A.1
  • 82
    • 33845461666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afrotropical records of the orthoclad genus Mesosmittia Brudin (Diptera: Chironomidae)
    • Sæther, O.A. (1996) Afrotropical records of the orthoclad genus Mesosmittia Brudin (Diptera: Chironomidae). Spixiana, 19, 289-292.
    • (1996) Spixiana , vol.19 , pp. 289-292
    • Sæther, O.A.1
  • 83
    • 0002662235 scopus 로고
    • Lobosmittia, a new genus of orthoclads from Tanzania and Turkey (Diptera: Chironomidae)
    • Sæther, O.A. & Andersen, T. (1993) Lobosmittia, a new genus of orthoclads from Tanzania and Turkey (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 14, 1-51.
    • (1993) Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement , vol.14 , pp. 1-51
    • Sæther, O.A.1    Andersen, T.2
  • 84
    • 21844493118 scopus 로고
    • Ionthosmittia cudiga n. gen. n. sp., a new orthoclad from the Usambara Mts, Tanzania (Diptera: Chironomidae)
    • Sæther, O.A. & Andersen, T. (1995) Ionthosmittia cudiga n. gen. n. sp., a new orthoclad from the Usambara Mts, Tanzania (Diptera: Chironomidae). Tropical Zoology, 8, 197-202.
    • (1995) Tropical Zoology , vol.8 , pp. 197-202
    • Sæther, O.A.1    Andersen, T.2
  • 85
    • 24244465401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First Afrotropical records of Doithrix and Georthocladius, with notes on the Pseudorthocladius group (Diptera: Chironomidae)
    • Sæther, O.A. & Andersen, T. (1996) First Afrotropical records of Doithrix and Georthocladius, with notes on the Pseudorthocladius group (Diptera: Chironomidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 139, 243-256.
    • (1996) Tijdschrift Voor Entomologie , vol.139 , pp. 243-256
    • Sæther, O.A.1    Andersen, T.2
  • 86
    • 84988989050 scopus 로고
    • Euryhapsis fuscipropes sp. n. from China and Tokyobrillia anderseni sp. n. from Tanzania, with a review of genera near Irisobrillia Oliver (Diptera: Chironomidae)
    • Sæther, O.A. & Wang, X. (1992) Euryhapsis fuscipropes sp. n. from China and Tokyobrillia anderseni sp. n. from Tanzania, with a review of genera near Irisobrillia Oliver (Diptera: Chironomidae). Annales de Limnologie, 28, 209-223.
    • (1992) Annales de Limnologie , vol.28 , pp. 209-223
    • Sæther, O.A.1    Wang, X.2
  • 87
    • 0027029822 scopus 로고
    • The linyphiid fauna of eastern Africa (Aranea: Lyniphiidae) - Distribution patterns, diversity and endemism
    • Scharff, N. (1992) The linyphiid fauna of eastern Africa (Aranea: Lyniphiidae) - distribution patterns, diversity and endemism. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 45, 117-154.
    • (1992) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.45 , pp. 117-154
    • Scharff, N.1
  • 88
    • 6544249737 scopus 로고
    • Hydrobiological studies on the Great Berg River, Western Cape Province. Part 3. The Chironomidae
    • Scott, K.M.F. (1958) Hydrobiological studies on the Great Berg River, Western Cape Province. Part 3. The Chironomidae. Transactions of the Royal Society South Africa, 35, 277-298.
    • (1958) Transactions of the Royal Society South Africa , vol.35 , pp. 277-298
    • Scott, K.M.F.1
  • 89
    • 0034656367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronology of Quaternary glaciations in East Africa
    • Shanahan, T.M. & Zreda, M. (2000) Chronology of Quaternary glaciations in East Africa. Earth and Planetary Science, 177, 23-42.
    • (2000) Earth and Planetary Science , vol.177 , pp. 23-42
    • Shanahan, T.M.1    Zreda, M.2
  • 90
    • 0024933680 scopus 로고
    • Distribution patterns in the Afroalpine moss flora of East Africa
    • (ed. by W.C. Mahaney), Balkema, Rotterdam
    • Spence, J.R. & Pocs, T. (1987) Distribution patterns in the Afroalpine moss flora of East Africa. Quaternary and environmental research on East African mountains (ed. by W.C. Mahaney), pp. 291-307. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • (1987) Quaternary and Environmental Research on East African Mountains , pp. 291-307
    • Spence, J.R.1    Pocs, T.2
  • 92
    • 33745327281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanytarsus usambarae spec. nov. from West Usambara Mts., Tanzania, East Africa
    • Stur, E. & Ekrem, T. (2000) Tanytarsus usambarae spec. nov. from West Usambara Mts., Tanzania, East Africa. Spixiana, 23, 219-223.
    • (2000) Spixiana , vol.23 , pp. 219-223
    • Stur, E.1    Ekrem, T.2
  • 94
    • 0142004234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 300 million year history of rift lakes in Central and East Africa: An updated broad review
    • (ed. by E.O. Odada and D.O. Olago), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
    • Tiercelin, J.J. & Lezzar, K-E. (2002) A 300 million year history of rift lakes in Central and East Africa: an updated broad review. The East African great lakes: limnology, palaeolimnology and biodiversity (ed. by E.O. Odada and D.O. Olago), pp. 3-60. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
    • (2002) The East African Great Lakes: Limnology, Palaeolimnology and Biodiversity , pp. 3-60
    • Tiercelin, J.J.1    Lezzar, K.-E.2
  • 95
    • 0000375814 scopus 로고
    • A comparitive limnological study of zoobenthic communities in lakes of the Ethiopian Rift Valley
    • Tudorancea, C., Baxter, R.M. & Fernando, C.H. (1989) A comparitive limnological study of zoobenthic communities in lakes of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Archiv Für Hydrobiologie Supplement, 83, 121-174.
    • (1989) Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement , vol.83 , pp. 121-174
    • Tudorancea, C.1    Baxter, R.M.2    Fernando, C.H.3
  • 96
    • 33845621490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quaternary glacial activity on the Ethiopian Mountains. Quaternary glaciations - Extent and chronology, Part III: South America, Africa, Australasia, Antarctica
    • (ed. by J. Ehlers and P.L. Gibbard), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Umer, M., Kebede, S. & Osmaston, H. (2004) Quaternary glacial activity on the Ethiopian Mountains. Quaternary glaciations - extent and chronology, Part III: South America, Africa, Australasia, Antarctica. Developments in Quaternary Science Volume 2c (ed. by J. Ehlers and P.L. Gibbard), Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • (2004) Developments in Quaternary Science Volume 2c
    • Umer, M.1    Kebede, S.2    Osmaston, H.3
  • 97
    • 0001380633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomy and ecology of sub-fossil Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Rift Valley lakes in central Kenya
    • Verschuren, D. (1997) Taxonomy and ecology of sub-fossil Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Rift Valley lakes in central Kenya. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, 107, 467-512.
    • (1997) Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement , vol.107 , pp. 467-512
    • Verschuren, D.1
  • 98
    • 0345330925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lake-based climate reconstruction in Africa: Progress and challenges
    • Verschuren, D. (2003) Lake-based climate reconstruction in Africa: progress and challenges. Hydrobiologia, 500, 315-330.
    • (2003) Hydrobiologia , vol.500 , pp. 315-330
    • Verschuren, D.1
  • 99
    • 0028981789 scopus 로고
    • Distributions of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) and other freshwater midges with respect to treeline, Northwest Territories, Canada
    • Walker, I.R. & MacDonald, G.M. (1995) Distributions of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) and other freshwater midges with respect to treeline, Northwest Territories, Canada. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, 27, 258-263.
    • (1995) Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research , vol.27 , pp. 258-263
    • Walker, I.R.1    MacDonald, G.M.2
  • 100
    • 0024904202 scopus 로고
    • Chironomid (Diptera) remains in surficial lake sediments from the Canadian Cordillera: Analysis of the fauna across an altitutional gradient
    • Walker, I.R. & Mathewes, R.W. (1989) Chironomid (Diptera) remains in surficial lake sediments from the Canadian Cordillera: analysis of the fauna across an altitutional gradient. Journal of Paleolimnology, 2, 61-80.
    • (1989) Journal of Paleolimnology , vol.2 , pp. 61-80
    • Walker, I.R.1    Mathewes, R.W.2
  • 101
    • 0000491945 scopus 로고
    • Efficient separation of sub-fossil Chironomidae from lake sediments
    • Walker, I.R. & Paterson, C.G. (1985) Efficient separation of sub-fossil Chironomidae from lake sediments. Hydrobiologia, 122, 189-192.
    • (1985) Hydrobiologia , vol.122 , pp. 189-192
    • Walker, I.R.1    Paterson, C.G.2
  • 102
    • 0030750692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An expanded surface-water palaeotemperature inference model for use with fossil midges from eastern Canada
    • Walker, I.R., Levesque, A.J., Cwynar, L.C. & Lotter, A.F. (1997) An expanded surface-water palaeotemperature inference model for use with fossil midges from eastern Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology, 18, 165-178.
    • (1997) Journal of Paleolimnology , vol.18 , pp. 165-178
    • Walker, I.R.1    Levesque, A.J.2    Cwynar, L.C.3    Lotter, A.F.4
  • 103
    • 84981611065 scopus 로고
    • Identification of larvae of European species of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) by morphological characters
    • Webb, C.J. & Scholl, A. (1985) Identification of larvae of European species of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) by morphological characters. Systematic Entomology, 10, 353-372.
    • (1985) Systematic Entomology , vol.10 , pp. 353-372
    • Webb, C.J.1    Scholl, A.2
  • 104
    • 0002715602 scopus 로고
    • Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae
    • Wiederholm, T. (1983) Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region - keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 19, 457pp.
    • (1983) Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement , vol.19
    • Wiederholm, T.1
  • 106
    • 0035957736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends, rhythms and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present
    • Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E. & Billups, K. (2001) Trends, rhythms and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science, 292, 686-693.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 686-693
    • Zachos, J.1    Pagani, M.2    Sloan, L.3    Thomas, E.4    Billups, K.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.