메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 38-48

Assessment and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: An Australian perspective in 2006

Author keywords

Pathogenesis; Pulmonary arterial hypertension; Pulmonary hypertension; Therapy

Indexed keywords

AMBRISENTAN; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; BERAPROST; BOSENTAN; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CYCLIC GMP; ENDOTHELIN; ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ILOPROST; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; NITRIC OXIDE; PHOSPHODIESTERASE V; PHOSPHODIESTERASE V INHIBITOR; PROSTACYCLIN; PROSTANOID; SILDENAFIL; SITAXSENTAN; UNIPROST; VASODILATOR AGENT;

EID: 33845567426     PISSN: 14440903     EISSN: 14455994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01242.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (14)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 23644436719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines: Diagnosis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Rubin LJ. ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines: diagnosis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest 2004; 126: 1-92S.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126
    • Rubin, L.J.1
  • 2
    • 10044258461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: The task force on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension of the European society of cardiology
    • Galie N. Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: the task force on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension of the European society of cardiology. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 2243-78.
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , pp. 2243-2278
    • Galie, N.1
  • 3
    • 0037623284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Runo JR, Loyd JE. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Lancet 2003; 361: 1533-44.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1533-1544
    • Runo, J.R.1    Loyd, J.E.2
  • 4
    • 0032578279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary pulmonary hypertension
    • [Published erratum appears in Lancet 1999; 353: 74]
    • Gaine SP, Rubin LJ. Primary pulmonary hypertension [Published erratum appears in Lancet 1999; 353: 74]. Lancet 1998; 352: 719-25.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 719-725
    • Gaine, S.P.1    Rubin, L.J.2
  • 6
    • 0025293720 scopus 로고
    • Chronic major-vessel thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
    • Moser KM, Auger WR, Fedullo PF. Chronic major-vessel thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1990; 81: 1735-43.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 1735-1743
    • Moser, K.M.1    Auger, W.R.2    Fedullo, P.F.3
  • 11
    • 0033817459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterozygous germline mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-beta receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension
    • The international PPH consortium
    • Lane KB, Machado RD, Pauciulo MW, Thomson JR, Phillips JA III, Loyd JE et al. Heterozygous germline mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-beta receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension. The international PPH consortium. Nat Genet 2000; 26: 81-4.
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.26 , pp. 81-84
    • Lane, K.B.1    Machado, R.D.2    Pauciulo, M.W.3    Thomson, J.R.4    Phillips III, J.A.5    Loyd, J.E.6
  • 12
    • 0033838125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene
    • Deng Z, Morse JH, Slager SL, Cuervo N, Moore KJ, Venetos G et al. Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67: 737-44.
    • (2000) Am J Hum Genet , vol.67 , pp. 737-744
    • Deng, Z.1    Morse, J.H.2    Slager, S.L.3    Cuervo, N.4    Moore, K.J.5    Venetos, G.6
  • 13
    • 0034776773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin transporter overexpression is responsible for pulmonary artery smooth muscle hyperplasia in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Eddahibi S, Humbert M, Fadel E, Raffestin B, Darmon M, Capron F et al. Serotonin transporter overexpression is responsible for pulmonary artery smooth muscle hyperplasia in primary pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 2001; 108: 1141-50.
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.108 , pp. 1141-1150
    • Eddahibi, S.1    Humbert, M.2    Fadel, E.3    Raffestin, B.4    Darmon, M.5    Capron, F.6
  • 14
    • 5344233478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Farber HW, Loscalzo J. Pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1655-65.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 1655-1665
    • Farber, H.W.1    Loscalzo, J.2
  • 15
    • 0002395223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of primary pulmonary hypertension: From physiology to molecular mechanisms
    • Rubin L, Rich S, eds. New York: Marcel Decker
    • Voelkel NF, Tuder RM, Weir EK. Pathophysiology of primary pulmonary hypertension: from physiology to molecular mechanisms. In: Rubin L, Rich S, eds. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. New York: Marcel Decker; 1997; 83-129.
    • (1997) Primary Pulmonary Hypertension , pp. 83-129
    • Voelkel, N.F.1    Tuder, R.M.2    Weir, E.K.3
  • 17
    • 0033769794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in pulmonary hypertension effect of prostacyclin therapy
    • Eddahibi S, Humbert M, Sediame S, Chouaid C, Partovian C, Maitre B et al. Platelet vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in pulmonary hypertension effect of prostacyclin therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162: 1493-9.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.162 , pp. 1493-1499
    • Eddahibi, S.1    Humbert, M.2    Sediame, S.3    Chouaid, C.4    Partovian, C.5    Maitre, B.6
  • 18
    • 0032492407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuated K+ channel gene transcription in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Yuan XJ, Wang J, Juhaszova M, Gaine SP, Rubin LJ. Attenuated K+ channel gene transcription in primary pulmonary hypertension. Lancet 1998; 351: 726-7.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 726-727
    • Yuan, X.J.1    Wang, J.2    Juhaszova, M.3    Gaine, S.P.4    Rubin, L.J.5
  • 19
    • 33746379082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppresive therapy in connective tissue diseases-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Sanchez O, Sitbon O, Jais X, Simonneau G, Humbest M. Immunosuppresive therapy in connective tissue diseases-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest 2006; 130: 182-9.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 182-189
    • Sanchez, O.1    Sitbon, O.2    Jais, X.3    Simonneau, G.4    Humbest, M.5
  • 21
    • 0041784903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography: ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography
    • Cheitlin MD, Armstrong WF, Aurigemma GP, Beller GA, Bierman FZ, Davis JL et al. American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography: ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE Committee to Update the 1997 Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography). Circulation 2003; 108: 1146-62.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 1146-1162
    • Cheitlin, M.D.1    Armstrong, W.F.2    Aurigemma, G.P.3    Beller, G.A.4    Bierman, F.Z.5    Davis, J.L.6
  • 22
    • 3142666018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Chest Physicians: Pulmonary artery hypertension and sleep-disordered breathing: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
    • Atwood CW Jr, McCrory D, Garcia JG, Abman SH, Ahearn GS. American College of Chest Physicians: pulmonary artery hypertension and sleep-disordered breathing: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2004; 126(1 Suppl S): 72-77S.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126 , Issue.1 SUPPL. S
    • Atwood Jr., C.W.1    McCrory, D.2    Garcia, J.G.3    Abman, S.H.4    Ahearn, G.S.5
  • 23
    • 0025837793 scopus 로고
    • Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry
    • D'Alonzo GE, Barst RJ, Ayres SM, Bergofsky EH, Brundage BH, Detre KM et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115: 343-9.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , pp. 343-349
    • D'Alonzo, G.E.1    Barst, R.J.2    Ayres, S.M.3    Bergofsky, E.H.4    Brundage, B.H.5    Detre, K.M.6
  • 24
    • 20544448927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term response to calcium channel blockers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Sitbon O, Humbert M, Jais X, Ioos V, Hamid AM, Provencher S et al. Long-term response to calcium channel blockers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2005; 111: 3105-11.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 3105-3111
    • Sitbon, O.1    Humbert, M.2    Jais, X.3    Ioos, V.4    Hamid, A.M.5    Provencher, S.6
  • 25
    • 0026632785 scopus 로고
    • The effect of high doses of calcium-channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Rich S, Kaufmann E, Levy PS. The effect of high doses of calcium-channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 76-81.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 76-81
    • Rich, S.1    Kaufmann, E.2    Levy, P.S.3
  • 26
    • 2942544581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of clinical trials and evidence-based treatment algorithm in pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Galie N, Seeger W, Naeije R, Simonneau G, Rubin LJ. Comparative analysis of clinical trials and evidence-based treatment algorithm in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43(12 Suppl S): 81-88S.
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , Issue.12 SUPPL. S
    • Galie, N.1    Seeger, W.2    Naeije, R.3    Simonneau, G.4    Rubin, L.J.5
  • 27
    • 0025356811 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with continuous intravenous prostacyclin (epoprostenol). Results of a randomized trial
    • Rubin LJ, Mendoza J, Hood M, McGoon M, Barst R, Williams WB et al. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with continuous intravenous prostacyclin (epoprostenol). Results of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 485-91.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.112 , pp. 485-491
    • Rubin, L.J.1    Mendoza, J.2    Hood, M.3    McGoon, M.4    Barst, R.5    Williams, W.B.6
  • 28
    • 0030031888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension
    • The primary pulmonary hypertension study group
    • Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Long WA, McGoon MD, Rich S, Badesch DB et al. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. The primary pulmonary hypertension study group. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 296-302.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 296-302
    • Barst, R.J.1    Rubin, L.J.2    Long, W.A.3    McGoon, M.D.4    Rich, S.5    Badesch, D.B.6
  • 29
    • 0037086133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treprostinil study group: Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Simonneau G, Barst RJ, Galie N, Naeije R, Rich S, Bourge RC et al. Treprostinil study group: continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 800-4.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 800-804
    • Simonneau, G.1    Barst, R.J.2    Galie, N.3    Naeije, R.4    Rich, S.5    Bourge, R.C.6
  • 30
    • 0036682273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized iloprost randomized study group: Inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension
    • Olschewski H, Simonneau G, Galie N, Higenbottam T, Naeije R, Rubin LJ et al. Aerosolized iloprost randomized study group: inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 322-9.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 322-329
    • Olschewski, H.1    Simonneau, G.2    Galie, N.3    Higenbottam, T.4    Naeije, R.5    Rubin, L.J.6
  • 31
    • 0035818316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A randomised placebo-controlled study
    • Channick RN, Simonneau G, Sitbon O, Robbins IM, Frost A, Tapson VF et al. Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2001; 358: 1119-23.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1119-1123
    • Channick, R.N.1    Simonneau, G.2    Sitbon, O.3    Robbins, I.M.4    Frost, A.5    Tapson, V.F.6
  • 32
    • 0037149718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • [Published erratum appears in N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1258]
    • Rubin LJ, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Galie N, Black CM, Keogh A et al. Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension [Published erratum appears in N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1258]. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 896-903.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 896-903
    • Rubin, L.J.1    Badesch, D.B.2    Barst, R.J.3    Galie, N.4    Black, C.M.5    Keogh, A.6
  • 33
    • 26444534291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sildenafil use in pulmonary arterial hypertension (SUPER) study group: Sildenafil citrate therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Galie N, Ghofrani HA, Torbicki A, Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Badesch D et al. Sildenafil use in pulmonary arterial hypertension (SUPER) study group: sildenafil citrate therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2148-57.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2148-2157
    • Galie, N.1    Ghofrani, H.A.2    Torbicki, A.3    Barst, R.J.4    Rubin, L.J.5    Badesch, D.6
  • 34
    • 0028329709 scopus 로고
    • Inhaling nitric oxide: A selective pulmonary vasodilator and bronchodilator
    • Zapol WM, Falke KJ, Hurford WE, Roberts JD Jr. Inhaling nitric oxide: a selective pulmonary vasodilator and bronchodilator. Chest 1994; 105(3 Suppl S): 87-91S.
    • (1994) Chest , vol.105 , Issue.3 SUPPL. S
    • Zapol, W.M.1    Falke, K.J.2    Hurford, W.E.3    Roberts Jr., J.D.4
  • 36
    • 0032870286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics during intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin): A study of 15 patients with moderate to severe portopulmonary hypertension
    • Krowka MJ, Frantz RP, McGoon MD, Severson C, Plevak DJ, Wiesner RH. Improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics during intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin): a study of 15 patients with moderate to severe portopulmonary hypertension. Hepatology 1999; 30: 641-8.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.30 , pp. 641-648
    • Krowka, M.J.1    Frantz, R.P.2    McGoon, M.D.3    Severson, C.4    Plevak, D.J.5    Wiesner, R.H.6
  • 37
    • 27644461864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemolytic anemia-associated pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease
    • Lin EE, Rodgers GP, Gladwin MT. Hemolytic anemia-associated pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease. Curr Hematol Rep 2005; 4: 117-25.
    • (2005) Curr Hematol Rep , vol.4 , pp. 117-125
    • Lin, E.E.1    Rodgers, G.P.2    Gladwin, M.T.3
  • 38
    • 0028226379 scopus 로고
    • Recovery from pulmonary hypertension with steroid therapy in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and polymyositis
    • Mariette X, Brenot F, Brouet JC. Recovery from pulmonary hypertension with steroid therapy in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and polymyositis. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 772-3.
    • (1994) J Rheumatol , vol.21 , pp. 772-773
    • Mariette, X.1    Brenot, F.2    Brouet, J.C.3
  • 40
    • 6444229321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous iloprost bridging to orthotopic liver transplantation in portopulmonary hypertension
    • Minder S, Fischler M, Muellhaupt B, Zalunardo MP, Jenni R, Clavien PA et al. Intravenous iloprost bridging to orthotopic liver transplantation in portopulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2004; 24: 703-7.
    • (2004) Eur Respir J , vol.24 , pp. 703-707
    • Minder, S.1    Fischler, M.2    Muellhaupt, B.3    Zalunardo, M.P.4    Jenni, R.5    Clavien, P.A.6
  • 41
    • 0032990972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of pulmonary hypertension after liver transplantation
    • Schott R, Chaouat A, Launoy A, Pottecher T, Weitzenblum E. Improvement of pulmonary hypertension after liver transplantation. Chest 1999; 115: 1748-9.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 1748-1749
    • Schott, R.1    Chaouat, A.2    Launoy, A.3    Pottecher, T.4    Weitzenblum, E.5
  • 42
    • 0032145492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graded balloon dilation atrial septostomy in severe primary pulmonary hypertension. A therapeutic alternative for patients nonresponsive to vasodilator treatment
    • Sandoval J, Gaspar J, Pulido T, Bautista E, Martinez-Guerra ML, Zeballos M et al. Graded balloon dilation atrial septostomy in severe primary pulmonary hypertension. A therapeutic alternative for patients nonresponsive to vasodilator treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 297-304.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 297-304
    • Sandoval, J.1    Gaspar, J.2    Pulido, T.3    Bautista, E.4    Martinez-Guerra, M.L.5    Zeballos, M.6
  • 43
    • 23744467886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: Introduction to the 2005 annual reports
    • Hertz MI, Boucek MM, Deng MC, Edwards LB, Keck BM, Kirklin JK et al. Scientific registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: introduction to the 2005 annual reports. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005; 24: 945-82.
    • (2005) J Heart Lung Transplant , vol.24 , pp. 945-982
    • Hertz, M.I.1    Boucek, M.M.2    Deng, M.C.3    Edwards, L.B.4    Keck, B.M.5    Kirklin, J.K.6
  • 44
    • 0037151645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term intravenous epoprostenol infusion in primary pulmonary hypertension: Prognostic factors and survival
    • Sitbon O, Humbert M, Nunes H, Parent F, Garcia G, Herve P et al. Long-term intravenous epoprostenol infusion in primary pulmonary hypertension: prognostic factors and survival. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 780-88.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 780-788
    • Sitbon, O.1    Humbert, M.2    Nunes, H.3    Parent, F.4    Garcia, G.5    Herve, P.6
  • 45
    • 0037126044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension: The impact of epoprostenol therapy
    • McLaughlin VV, Shillington A, Rich S. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension: the impact of epoprostenol therapy. Circulation 2002; 106: 1477-82.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1477-1482
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1    Shillington, A.2    Rich, S.3
  • 46
    • 13844280943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival with first-line bosentan in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension
    • [Published erratum appears in Eur Respir J 2005; 25: 942]
    • McLaughlin VV, Sitbon O, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Black C, Galie N et al. Survival with first-line bosentan in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension [Published erratum appears in Eur Respir J 2005; 25: 942]. Eur Respir J 2005; 25: 244-9.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.25 , pp. 244-249
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1    Sitbon, O.2    Badesch, D.B.3    Barst, R.J.4    Black, C.5    Galie, N.6
  • 47
    • 3142777629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American college of chest physicians: Prognosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines
    • McLaughlin VV, Presberg KW, Doyle RL, Abman SH, McCrory DC, Fortin T et al. American college of chest physicians: prognosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2004; 126(1 Suppl S): 78-92S.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126 , Issue.1 SUPPL. S
    • McLaughlin, V.V.1    Presberg, K.W.2    Doyle, R.L.3    Abman, S.H.4    McCrory, D.C.5    Fortin, T.6
  • 48
    • 0041742185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bosentan treatment in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving nonparenteral prostanoids
    • Hoeper MM, Taha N, Bekjarova A, Gatzke R, Spiekerkoetter E. Bosentan treatment in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving nonparenteral prostanoids. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 330-34.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.22 , pp. 330-334
    • Hoeper, M.M.1    Taha, N.2    Bekjarova, A.3    Gatzke, R.4    Spiekerkoetter, E.5
  • 49
    • 0037868048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral sildenafil as long-term adjunct therapy to inhaled iloprost in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, Olschewski H, Wiedemann R, Kreckel A et al. Oral sildenafil as long-term adjunct therapy to inhaled iloprost in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 158-64.
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.42 , pp. 158-164
    • Ghofrani, H.A.1    Rose, F.2    Schermuly, R.T.3    Olschewski, H.4    Wiedemann, R.5    Kreckel, A.6
  • 50
    • 3042511852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary arterial hypertension: Future directions: report of a national heart, lung and blood institute/office of rare diseases workshop
    • Newman JH, Fanburg BL, Archer SL, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Garcia JG et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: future directions: report of a national heart, lung and blood institute/office of rare diseases workshop. Circulation 2004; 109: 2947-52.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 2947-2952
    • Newman, J.H.1    Fanburg, B.L.2    Archer, S.L.3    Badesch, D.B.4    Barst, R.J.5    Garcia, J.G.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.