Siliadin v France: Positive obligations under Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights

Human Rights Law Review

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 585-592

  Cullen, Holly ^a  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845506446     PISSN: 14617781     EISSN: 17441021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/hrlr/ngl013     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. (2006) 43 EHRR 16.
2. See International Commission of Jurists v Portugal 7 IHRR 525 (2000), a decision of the European Committee on Social Rights under the collective complaints Protocol of the European Social Charter.
3. For comment on this case, see Cullen, 'The Collective Complaints Protocol of the European Social Charter', (2000) 25 European Law Review, Supplement Human Rights Survey 18.
4. Two major treaties have been adopted in this area in this decade: United Nations Protocol to Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (the Trafficking Protocol) 2000, A/RES/55/25, Annex II (entered into force 25 December 2003); and Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005, ETS No, 197 (not yet in force).
5. A search of HUDOC, the Council of Europe's human rights database, reveals that only 24 judgments of the Court have even referred to Article 4, and aspects of Article 4 have only been raised 104 times in admissibility decisions.
6. In French: 'the Comité contre l'esclavage moderne'.
7. Supra n. 1 at paras 66-7.
8. Ibid. at paras 73-6.
9. Ibid.
10. at para. 83, referring to X v the Netherlands 32 DR 180 (1983).
11. ILO Convention No. C29; 39 UNTS 55.
12. Supra n. 1 at para. 89.
13. Ibid. at paras 98-102.
14. These provisions were amended in 2003, see ibid. at para. 47.
15. Ibid. at para. 122.
16. Ibid. at para. 118.
17. Ibid. at paras 123-9.
18. B 44 (1980), Commission Report at para. 79.
19. Supra n. 1 at para. 148.
20. See Mowbray, The Development of Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights by the European Court of Human Rights (Oxford: Hart, 2004).
21. Ibid. at 4.
22. 'Employment and Discrimination: Treatment of Unpaid Household Servant', [2005] European Human Rights Law Review 660 at 664.
23. McBride, 'Protecting Life: A Positive Obligation to Help', (1999) 24 European Law Review, Supplement Human Rights Survey 43.
24. 1998-IV 2629; (1999) 27 EHRR 611.
25. Mowbray, supra n. 17 at chapters 2 and 3.
26. 2003-XII 1; (2005) 40 EHRR 20.
27. 1577 UNTS 3.
28. Pitea, 'Rape as a Human Rights Violation and a Criminal Offence: The European Court's Judgment in M.C. v. Bulgaria', (2005) 3 Journal of International Criminal Justice 447.
29. 1998-VIII 3124; (2000) 29 EHRR 245.
30. 2001-V 1; (2002) 34 EHRR 3.
31. (2003) 36 EHRR CD 115.
32. Miles, 'Human Rights and Child Protection', (2001) 13 Child and Family Law Quarterly 431.
33. Chahal v United Kingdom 1996-V 1831
34. (1997) 23 EHRR 413.
35. Berrehab v Netherlands A 138 (1998)
36. (1989) 11 EHRR 322.
37. See supra n. 1 at para. 49, referring to a Recommendation of the Council of Europe's Parliamentary Assembly, regretting the lack of criminal law in Member States in relation to domestic slavery.
38. ILO, Forced Labour in Myanmar (Burma), Report of the Commission of Inquiry appointed under Article 26 of the ILO Constitution to examine the observance by Myanmar of the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), Official Bulletin, vol. LXXXI (Geneva: ILO, 1998), Series B.
39. 6 IHRR 285 (1999).
40. ILO, Report of the Director General: A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour (Geneva: ILO, 2005).
41. ILO No. C 182; 2133 UNTS 163.
42. Supra n. 1 at para. 92.
43. 60 LNTS 1414.
44. Supra n. 1 at para. 122.
45. Kunarac and others, Judgment, ICTY Trial Chamber III, IT-96-23-T and IT-96-23/1-T (2001).