Influences of age, gender, smoking, and family history on autoimmune thyroid disease phenotype

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 91, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 4873-4880

  Manji, N ^a   Carr Smith, J D ^a   Boelaert, K ^a   Allahabadia, A ^b   Armitage, M ^c   Chatterjee, V K ^d   Lazarus, J H ^e   Pearce, S H S ^f   Vaidya, B ^g   Gough, S C ^a   Franklyn, J A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b NORTHERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c ROYAL BOURNEMOUTH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^e CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^f NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^g ROYAL DEVON AND EXETER HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; GENDER; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GRAVES DISEASE; HASHIMOTO DISEASE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; ONSET AGE; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKING; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 33845496763     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: 0021972X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1402     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Tunbridge WM, Evered DC, Hall R, Appleton D, Brewis M, Clark F, Evans JG, Young E, Bird T, Smith PA 1977 The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 7:481-493
2. Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, Appleton D, Bates D, Clark F, Grimley Evans J, Hasan DM, Rodgers H, Tunbridge F, et al. 1995 The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 43:55-68
3. Wang C, Crapo LM 1997 The epidemiology of thyroid disease and implications for screening. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 26:189-218
4. Bartels ED 1941 Heredity in Graves' disease. With remarks on heredity in toxic adenoma in the thyroid, non-toxic goitre and myxoedema. Einar Munksgaard. Dissertation, University of Copenhagen
5. Brix TH, Christensen K, Holm NV, Harvald B, Hegedus L 1998A population-based study of Graves' disease in Danish twins. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 48:397-400
6. Brix TH, Kyvik KO, Hegedus L 1998 What is the evidence of genetic factors in the etiology of Graves' disease? A brief review. Thyroid 8:627-634
7. Tomer Y, Davies TF 2003 Searching for the autoimmune thyroid disease susceptibility genes: from gene mapping to gene function. Endocr Rev 24:694-717
8. Stenszky V, Kozma L, Balazs C, Rochlitz S, Bear JC, Farid NR 1985 The genetics of Graves' disease: HLA and disease susceptibility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 61:735-740
9. Brix TH, Kyvik KO, Hegedus L 2000 A population-based study of chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism in Danish twins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:536-539
10. Ringold DA, Nicoloff JT, Kesler M, Davis H, Hamilton A, Mack T 2002 Further evidence for a strong genetic influence on the development of autoimmune thyroid disease: the California twin study. Thyroid 12:647-653
11. Brix TH, Kyvik KO, Christensen K, Hegedus L 2001 Evidence for a major role of heredity in Graves' disease: a population-based study of two Danish twin cohorts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:930-934
12. Prummel MF, Strieder T, Wiersinga WM 2004 The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Eur J Endocrinol 150:605-618
13. Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM 1993 Smoking and risk of Graves' disease. JAMA 269:479-482
14. Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Weeke J, Hoeck HC, Nielsen HK, Rungby J, Laurberg P, Mosekilde L 2002 Smoking as a risk factor for Graves' disease, toxic nodular goiter, and autoimmune hypothyroidism. Thyroid 12:69-75
15. Perros P, Crombie AL, Matthews JN, Kendall-Taylor P 1993 Age and gender influence the severity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a study of 101 patients attending a combined thyroid-eye clinic. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 38:367-372
16. Kendler DL, Lippa J, Rootman J 1993 The initial clinical characteristics of Graves' orbitopathy vary with age and sex. Arch Ophthalmol 111:197-201
17. Reed Larsen P, Hay ID 1998 The thyroid gland. In: Wilson JD, Foster DW, Kronenberg HM, Reed Larson P, eds. Philadelphia: Saunders
18. Aizawa T, Ishihara M, Hashizume K, Takasu N, Yamada T 1989 Age-related changes of thyroid function and immunologic abnormalities in patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 37:944-948
19. Kawabe T, Komiya I, Endo T, Koizumi Y, Yamada T 1979 Hyperthyroidism in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 27:152-155
20. Allahabadia A, Daykin J, Holder RL, Sheppard MC, Gough SC, Franklyn JA 2000 Age and gender predict the outcome of treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:1038-1042
21. Simmonds MJ, Heward JM, Carr-Smith J, Foxall H, Franklyn JA, Gough SC 2006 Contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms within FCRL3 and MAP3K7IP2 to the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:1056-1061
22. Werner SC 1977 Modification of the classification of the eye changes of Graves' disease: recommendations of the Ad Hoc Committee of the American Thyroid Association. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 44:203-204
23. Nordyke RA, Gilbert Jr FI, Harada AS 1988 Graves' disease. Influence of age on clinical findings. Arch Intern Med 148:626-631
24. Banks I 2001 No man's land: men, illness and the NHS. Br Med J 323:1058-1060
25. Aust G, Krohn K, Morgenthaler NG, Schroder S, Schutz A, Edelmann J, Brylla E 2006 Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis in monozygotic twins: case study as well as transcriptomic and immunohistological analysis of thyroid tissues. Eur J Endocrinol 154:13-20
26. Jacobson DH, Gorman CA 1984 Endocrine ophthalmopathy: current ideas concerning etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Endocr Rev 5:200-220
27. Marcocci C, Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, Panicucci M, Pinchera A 1989 Studies on the occurrence of ophthalmopathy in Graves' disease. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 120:473-478
28. Vestergaard P 2002 Smoking and thyroid disorders - a meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 146:153-161
29. Silman AJ 1993 Smoking and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 20:1815-1816
30. Calkins BM 1989 A meta-analysis of the role of smoking in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 34:1841-1854
31. Tallstedt L, Lundell G, Torring O, Wallin G, Ljunggren JG, Blomgren H, Taube A 1992 Occurrence of ophthalmopathy after treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism. The Thyroid Study Group. N Engl J Med 326:1733-1738
32. Hall R, Stanbury JB 1967 Familial studies of autoimmune thyroiditis. Clin Exp Immunol 2(Suppl):719-725
33. Risch N 1990 Linkage strategies for genetically complex traits. II. The power of affected relative pairs. Am J Hum Genet 46:229-241
34. Vaidya B, Kendall-Taylor P, Pearce SH 2002 The genetics of autoimmune thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:5385-5397
35. Allahabadia A, Gough SC 1999 The different approaches to the genetic analysis of autoimmune thyroid disease. J Endocrinol 163:7-13
36. Todd JA 1995 Genetic analysis of type 1 diabetes using whole genome approaches. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:8560-8565
37. Dechairo BM, Zabaneh D, Collins J, Brand O, Dawson GJ, Green AP, Mackay I, Franklyn JA, Connell JM, Wass JA, Wiersinga WM, Hegedus L, Brix T, Robinson BG, Hunt PJ, Weetman AP, Carey AH, Gough SC 2005 Association of the TSHR gene with Graves' disease: the first disease specific locus. Eur J Hum Genet 13:1223-1230
38. Paterson AD, Kennedy JL, Petronis A 1996 Evidence for genetic anticipation in non-Mendelian diseases. Am J Hum Genet 59:264-268
39. Radstake TR, Barrera P, Albers MJ, Swinkels HL, van de Putte LB, van Riel PL 2001 Genetic anticipation in rheumatoid arthritis in Europe. European Consortium on Rheumatoid Arthritis Families. J Rheumatol 28:962-967
40. Cocco E, Sardu C, Lai M, Spinicci G, Contu P, Marrosu MG 2004 Anticipation of age at onset in multiple sclerosis: a Sardinian cohort study. Neurology 62:1794-1798
41. Grandbastien B, Peeters M, Franchimont D, Gower-Rousseau C, Speckel D, Rutgeerts P, Belaiche J, Cortot A, Vlietinck R, Colombel JF 1998 Anticipation in familial Crohn's disease. Gut 42:170-174
42. Yaturu S, Bridges JF, Dhanireddy RR 2005 Preliminary evidence of genetic anticipation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Med Sci Monit 11:CR262-CR265
43. Brix TH, Petersen HC, Iachine I, Hegedus L 2003 Preliminary evidence of genetic anticipation in Graves' disease. Thyroid 13:447-451
44. Brix TH, Kyvik KO, Hegedus L 2001 Validity of self-reported hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism: comparison of self-reported questionnaire data with medical record review. Thyroid 11:769-773