Sex-dimorphic color preference in children with gender identity disorder: A comparison to clinical and community controls

Sex Roles

Volumn 55, Issue 5-6, 2006, Pages 385-395

  Chiu, Sandy W ^a   Gervan, Shannon ^a   Fairbrother, Courtney ^a   Johnson, Laurel L ^a   Owen Anderson, Allison F H ^a   Bradley, Susan J ^a   Zucker, Kenneth J ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Children; Color preference; Gender identity disorder; Gender schemas

Indexed keywords

EID: 33845486687     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11199-006-9089-9     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. American Psychiatric Association, (2000), Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Berlin, B., & Kay, P. (1969). Basic color terms. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
3. Bridges, J. S. (1993). Pink or blue: Gender-stereotypic perceptions of infants as conveyed in birth congratulations cards. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 17, 193-205.
4. Burkitt, E., Barrett, M., & Davis, A. (2003), Children's colour choices for completing drawings of affectively characterised topics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 445-455.
5. Bussey, K., & Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory of gender development and differentiation. Psychological Review, 106, 676-713.
6. Child, I. L., Hansen, J. A., & Hornbeck, F. W. (1968). Age and sex differences in children's color preferences. Child Development, 39, 239-247.
7. Cohen, L. B. (2004). Uses and misuses of habituation and related preference paradigms. Infant and Child Development, 13, 349-352.
8. Eichstedt, J. A. (1997). Infants' metaphorical knowledge about gender. Unpublished master's thesis, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec.
9. Eichstedt, J. A., Serbin, L. A., Poulin-Dubois, D., & Sen, M. G. (2002). Of bears and men: Infants' knowledge of conventional and metaphorical gender stereotypes. Infant Behavior and Development, 25, 296-310.
10. Eisenberg, N., Murray, E., & Hite, T. (1982). Children's reasoning regarding sex-typed toy choices. Child Development, 53, 81-86.
11. Ellis, L., & Ficek, C. (2001). Color preferences according to gender and sexual orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 1375-1379.
12. Gale, A. V. N. (1933). Children's preferences for colors, color combinations, and color arrangements. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Green, R. (1976), One-hundred ten feminine and masculine boys: Behavioral contrasts and demographic similarities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 5, 425-446.
14. Healy, C. (2004, November 25), The princess virus, National Post, p. B2.
15. Heller, Z. (2003, July 7), My girly-girl princessy daughter. National Post, p. A12.
16. Jadva, V. (2006). Sex differences in 12, 18 and 24-month-old infants' preference for colour, toys and shape. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, City University, London, England.
17. Kline, T. J. (1998). Alain Berliner's Ma Vie en Rase (1997): Crossing dress, crossing boundaries. Gender and Psychoanalysis, 3, 435-449.
18. Martin, C. L. (1991). The role of cognition in understanding gender effects. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 23, 113-149.
19. Martin, C. L., Eisenbud, L., & Rose, H. (1995), Children's gender-based reasoning about toys. Child Development, 66, 1453-1471.
20. Martin, C. L., & Halverson, C. F. (1981). A schematic processing model of sex typing and stereotyping in children. Child Development, 52, 1119-1134.
21. Martin, C. L., & Ruble, D. N. (2004). Children's search for gender cues: Cognitive perspectives on gender development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 67-70.
22. Martin, C. L., Ruble, D. N., & Szkrybalo, J. (2002). Cognitive theories of early gender development. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 903-933.
23. Paoletti, J. B. (1983). Clothes make the boy, 1860-1920. Dress, 9, 16-20.
24. Paoletti, J. B. (1987), Clothing and gender in America: Children's fashions, 1890-1920. Signs, 13, 136-143.
25. Paoletti, J. B. (1997). The gendering of infants' and toddlers' clothing in America. In K. A. Martinez & K. L. Ames (Eds.), The material culture of gender/The gender of material culture (pp. 27-35). Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
26. Picariello, M. L., Greenberg, D. N., & Pillemer, D. B. (1990). Children's sex-related stereotyping of colors. Child Development, 61, 1453-1460.
27. "Pink or Blue?" (1918, June). The Infants' Department, 1(10), 161.
28. Pomerleau, A., Bolduc, D., Malcuit, Q., & Cossette, L. (1990). Pink or blue: Environmental stereotypes in the first two years of life. Sex Roles, 22, 359-367.
29. Raskin, L. A., Maital, S., & Bornstein, M. H. (1983). Perceptual cate gorization of color: A life-span study. Psychological Research, 45, 135-145.
30. Salmans, S. (1989, November 16). When an it is labeled a he or a she. New York Times, pp. C1-C14.
31. Shakin, M., Shakin, D., & Sternglanz, S. H. (1985), Infant clothing: Sex labeling for strangers. Sex Roles, 12, 955-964.
32. Zentner, M. R. (2001). Preferences for colours and colour-emotion combinations in early childhood. Developmental Science, 4, 389-398.
33. Zucker, K. J. (2005). Measurement of psychosexual differentiation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 375-388.
34. Zucker, K. J., & Bradley, S. J. (1995). Gender identity disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents, New York: Guilford.