Diabetic foot complications in a northern Canadian Aboriginal community

Foot and Ankle International

Volumn 27, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 1065-1073

  Reid, Kristin S ^a,b   Martin, Bruce D ^a,b   Duerksen, Frank ^a,b   Nicolle, Lindsay E ^a,b   Garrett, Mark ^a,b   Simonsen, J Neil ^a,c   Trepman, Elly ^a,b,d   Embil, John M ^a,b,e  

^a University of Manitoba ^*

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

^c Public Health Agency of Canada   (Canada)

^d Grand Itasca Clinic and Hospital   (United States)

^e HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Amputation; Diabetes Mellitus; Neuropathy; Ulcer, Vascular

Indexed keywords

ABORIGINE; ADULT; AGED; ANKLE DEFORMITY; ARTICLE; CALLUS; CANADA; COHORT ANALYSIS; DIABETIC FOOT; DISEASE DURATION; EMERGENCY CARE; FEMALE; FOOT AMPUTATION; FOOT CARE; FOOT MALFORMATION; FOOT ULCER; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORBIDITY; NAIL DISEASE; NEUROPATHIC JOINT DISEASE; NEUROPATHY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SHOE; TOENAIL DISEASE;

EID: 33845422005     PISSN: 10711007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107110070602701212     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Apelqvist, J; Ragnarson-Tennvall, G; Persson, U; Larsson, J: Diabetic foot ulcers in a multidisciplinary setting. An economic analysis of primary healing and healing with amputation. J. Intern. Med. 235:463-471, 1994.
2. Armstrong, DG; Lavery, LA; Vela, SA; Quebedeaux, TL; Fleischli, JG: Choosing a practical screening instrument to identify patients at risk for diabetic foot ulceration. Arch. Intern. Med. 158:289-292, 1998.
3. Bailey, TS; Yu, HM; Rayfield, EJ: Patterns of foot examination in a diabetes clinic. Am. J. Med. 78:371-374, 1985.
4. Birke, JA; Sims, DS: Plantar sensory threshold in the ulcerative foot. Lepr. Rev. 57:261-267, 1986.
5. Boulton, AJ: Lowering the risk of neuropathy, foot ulcers and amputations. Diabet. Med. 15(Suppl. 4):S57-S59, 1998.
6. Boyko, EJ; Ahroni, JH; Smith, DG; Davignon, D: Increased mortality associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Diabet. Med. 13:967-972, 1996.
7. Chantelau, E; Haage, P: An audit of cushioned diabetic footwear: relation to patient compliance. Diabet. Med. 11:114-116, 1994.
8. Chantelau, E; Kushner, T; Spraul, M: How effective is cushioned therapeutic footwear in protecting diabetic feet? A clinical study. Diabet. Med. 7:355-359, 1990.
9. de Heus-van Putten, MA; Schaper, NC; Bakker, K: The clinical examination of the diabetic foot in daily practise. Diabet. Med. 13:S55-S57, 1996.
10. Duffy, JC; Patout, CA Jr: Management of the insensitive foot in diabetes: lessons learned from Hansen's disease. Mil. Med. 155:575-579, 1990.
11. Dussault, R; Erasmus, G; Chartrand, PLAH; et al.: Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Ottawa, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 1996.
12. Edelson, GW; Armstrong, DG; Lavery, LA; Caicco, G: The acutely infected diabetic foot is not adequately evaluated in an inpatient setting. Arch. Intern. Med. 156:2373-2378, 1996.
13. Edmonds, ME; Blundell, MP; Morris, ME; et al.: Improved survival of the diabetic foot: the role of a specialised foot clinic. Quart. J. Med. 60:763-771, 1986.
14. Edmonds, ME; Van Acker, K; Foster, AV: Education and the diabetic foot. Diabet. Med. 13:S61-S64, 1996.
15. Faglia, E; Favales, F; Aldeghi, A; et al.: Change in major amputation rate in a center dedicated to diabetic foot care during the 1980s: prognostic determinants for major amputation. J. Diab. Complic. 12:96-102, 1998.
16. Foster, AVM; Snowden, S; Grenfell, A; Watkins, PJ; Edmonds, ME: Reduction of gangrene and amputations in diabetic renal transplant patients: the role of a special foot clinic. Diabet. Med. 12:632-635, 1995.
17. Frykberg, RG: The team approach in diabetic foot management. Adv. Wound Care 11:71-77, 1998.
18. Gin, H; Rigalleau, V; Baillet, L; Rabemanantsoa, C: Comparison between monofilament, tuning fork and vibration perception tests for screening patients at risk of foot complication. Diabetes Metab. 28(6 Pt. 1):457-461, 2002.
19. Green, C; Blanchard, JF; Young, TK; Griffith, J: The epidemiology of diabetes in the Manitoba-registered First Nation population. Diabetes Care 26:1993-1998, 2003.
20. Knowles, EA; Boulton, AJM: Do people with diabetes wear their prescribed footwear? Diabet. Med. 13:1064-1068, 1996.
21. Kumar, S; Fernando, DJS; Veves, A; et al.: Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments: a simple, effective and inexpensive screening device for identifying diabetic patients at risk of foot ulceration. Diabetes Res. Clin. Prac. 13:63-67, 1991.
22. Lee, JS; Lu, M; Lee, VS; et al.: Lower-extremity amputation. Incidence, risk factors, and mortality in the Oklahoma Indian Diabetes Study. Diabetes 42:876-882, 1993.
23. Litzelman, DK; Slemenda, CW; Langefeld, CD; et al.: Reduction of lower extremity clinical abnormalities in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann. Intern. Med. 119:36-41, 1993.
24. Macsulay, AC; Montour, LT; Adelson, N: Prevalence of diabetic and atherosclerotic complications among Mohawk Indians of Kahnawake, PQ. CMAJ 139:221-224, 1988.
25. Malone, JM; Snyder, M; Anderson, G; et al.: Prevention of amputation by diabetic education. Am. J. Surg. 158:520-524, 1989.
26. Martens, P; Bond, R; Jebamani, L; et al.: The health and health care use of registered First Nations people living in Manitoba: a population-based study. Winnipeg, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, 2002.
27. Mayfield, JA; Reiber, GE; Nelson, RG; Greene, T: Do foot examinations reduce the risk of diabetic amputation? J. Fam. Practice 49:499-504, 2000.
28. Mayfield, JA; Reiber, GE; Nelson, RG; Greene, T: A foot risk classification system to predict diabetic amputation in Pima Indians. Diab. Care 19:704-709, 1996.
29. McNeely, MJ; Boyko, EJ; Ahroni, JH; et al.: The independent contributions of diabetic neuropathy and vasculopathy in foot ulceration. Diab. Care 18:216-219, 1995.
30. Meltzer, S; Leiter, L; Daneman, D; et al: 1998 clinical practice guidelines for the management of diabetes in Canada. CMAJ 159(8 Suppl.):S1-S29, 1998.
31. National Library of Medicine: HbA1c. Medical Encyclopedia http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003640.htm#Normal% 20Values Accessed May 30, 2005.
32. Northern Medical Unit: A look back at 2003. Northern Medical Unit News 2(1):1, 2004.
33. Ollendorf, DA; Kotsanos, JG; Wishner, WJ; et al.: Potential economic benefits of lower-extremity amputation prevention strategies in diabetes. Diab. Care 21:1240-1245, 1998.
34. Pecoraro, RE; Reiber, GE; Burgess, EM: Pathways to diabetic limb amputation. Basis for prevention. Diabetes Care 13:513-521, 1990.
35. Perry, JE; Ulbrecht, JS; Derr, JA; Cavanagh, PR: The use of running shoes to reduce plantar pressures in patients who have diabetes. J. Bone Joint Surg. 77-A:1819-1828, 1995.
36. Pinzur, MS; Kernan-Schroeder, D; Emanuele, NV; Emanuel, M: Development of a nurse-provided health system strategy for diabetic foot care. Foot Ankle Int. 22:744-746, 2001.
37. Pirart, J: Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Diab. Care 1:168-188, 1978.
38. Pirart, J: Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Part 2. Diabetes Care 1:252-263, 1978.
39. Ramsey, SD; Newton, K; Blough, D; et al.: Incidence, outcomes, and cost of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 22:382-387, 1999.
40. Rate, RG; Knowler, WC; Morse, HG; et al.: Diabetes mellitus in Hopi and Navajo Indians. Diabetes 32:894-899, 1983.
41. Reiber, GE: The epidemiology of diabetic foot problems. Diabetes Med. 13(Suppl. 1):S6-S11, 1996.
42. Reiber, GE; Vileikyte, L; Boyko, EJ; et al.: Causal pathways for incident lower-extremity ulcers in patients with diabetes from two settings. Diabetes Care 22:157-162, 1999.
43. Rith-Najarian, SJ; Stolusky, T; Gohdes, DM: Identifying diabetic patients at high risk for lower-extremity amputation in a primary health care setting. Diab. Care 15:1386-1389, 1992.
44. Rith-Najarian, SJ; Valway, SE; Gohdes, DM: Diabetes in a northern Minnesota Chippewa tribe. Diabetes Care 16:266-270, 1993.
45. Rose, G; Duerksen, F; Blanchard, J; et al.: Complications of the lower extremities in persons with diabetes presenting to a multidisciplinary foot clinic. Proceedings of the 1998-1999 BSc (Med) Programme, University of Manitoba 141-147, 1999.
46. Schraer, CD; Mayer, AM; Vogt, AM; et al.: The Alaska Native diabetes program. Int. J. Circumpolar Health 60:487-494, 2001.
47. Schulz, LO; Lalicata, M; Carnes, D; Rith-Najarian, SJ: Prevalence of diabetes and factors associated with diabetic complications in Oneida Indians. Life Sci. 60:299-306, 1997.
48. Statistics Canada: 1996 Census: Aboriginal data. http://www.statcan. ca/Daily/English/980113/d980113.htm, The Daily, January 13, 1998. Accessed May 30, 1995.
49. Statistics Canada: Census of Population, May 15, 2001. www12. statcan.ca, accessed May 22, 2004.
50. Steed, DL; Edington, H; Moosa, HH; Webster, MW: Organization and development of a university multidisciplinary wound care clinic. Surgery 114:775-779, 1993.
51. Uccioli, L; Faglia, E; Monticone, G; et al.: Manufactured shoes in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers. Diab. Care 18:1376-1378, 1995.
52. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352:837-853, 1998.
53. Wagner, FW: The dysvascular foot: a system for diagnosis and treatment. Foot Ankle 2:64-122, 1981.
54. Wunderlich, RP; Armstrong, DG; Husain, SK; Lavery, LA: Defining loss of protective sensation in the diabetic foot. Adv. Wound Care 11:123-128, 1998.
55. Wylie-Rosett, J; Walker, EA; Shamoon, H; et al.: Assessment of documented foot examinations for patients with diabetes in inner-city primary care clinics. Arch. Fam. Med. 4:46-50, 1995.
56. Young, MJ; Breddy, JL; Veves, A; Boulton, AJM: The prediction of diabetic neuropathic foot ulceration using vibration perception thresholds. Diabetes Care 17:557-560, 1994.