Advanced optical modulation formats

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volumn 94, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 952-981

  Winzer, Peter J ^a,b   Essiambre, René Jean ^a,b  

^a IEEE   (United States)

^b LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Differential phase modulation; Digital modulation; Intensity modulation; Optical communication; Optical networks; Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)

Indexed keywords

CHANNEL CAPACITY; CROSSTALK; DATA TRANSFER; FIBER OPTIC NETWORKS; INTERNET; OPTICAL COMMUNICATION; WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING;

DIFFERENTIAL PHASE MODULATION; DIGITAL MODULATION; INTENSITY MODULATION; MULTIPATH INTERFERENCE;

LIGHT MODULATION;

EID: 33845370650     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2006.873438     Document Type: Article

References (268)

1. H. Kogelnik, "High-capacity optical communications: Personal recollections," IEEE J. Sel Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1279-1286, Nov./Dec. 2000.
2. _, "On optical communication: Reflections and perspectives," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2004, Paper Mo1.1.1.
3. K. Fukuchi, T. Kasamatsu, M. Morie, R. Ohhira, T. Ito, K. Sekiya, D. Ogasahara, and T. Ono, "10.92-Tb/s (273 × 40-Gb/s) triple-band/ultra-dense WDM optical-repeatered transmission experiment," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2001, Paper PD24.
4. Y. Frignac, G. Charlet, W. Idler, R. Dischler, P. Tran, S. B. S. Lanne, C. Martinelli, G. Veith, A. Jourdan, J.-P. Hamaide, and S. Bigo, "Transmission of 256 wavelength-division and polarization-division- multiplexed channels at 42.7 Gb/s (10.2 Tb/s capacity) over 3 × 100 km of TeraLight fiber," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2002, Paper FC5.
5. G. Charlet, E. Corbel, J. Lazaro, A. Klekamp, R. Dischler, P. Tran, W. Idler, H. Mardoyan, A. Konczykowska, F. Jorge, and S. Bigo, "WDM transmission at 6 Tbit/s capacity over transatlantic distance and using 42.7 Gb/s differential phase-shift keying without pulse carver," in Proc. Optionl Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2004, Paper PDP36.
6. A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, L. S. C. Doerr, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. M. A. Kung, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. Gill, "2.5 Tb/s (64 × 42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40 × 100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2002, Paper FC2.
7. C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, P. M. B. Mikkelsen, P. Serbe, P. V. der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, "DWDM 40 G transmission over transpacific distance (10,000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK and enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100 km Ultrawave fiber spans," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC);. 2001, Paper PD18.
8. D. J. Costello, J. Hagenauer, H. Imai, and S. B. Wicker, "Applications of error-control coding," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 2531-2560, 1998.
9. S. Bigo, "Multiterabit DWDM terrestrial transmission with bandwidth-limiting optical filtering," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 329-340, Mar./Apr. 2004.
10. Spectral Grids for WDM Applications: DWDM Frequency Grid, Standard ITU-T G.694.1, 2002.
11. M. Birk, L. Raddatz, D. Fishman, S. Woodward, and P. Magill, "Field trial of end-to-end OC-768 transmission using 9 WDM channels over 1000 km of installed fiber," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2003, Paper TuS4.
12. D. Y. Al-Salameh, S. K. Korotky, D. S. Levy, T. O. Murphy, S. H. Patel, G. W. Richards, and E. S. Tentarelli, "Optical switching in transport networks," in Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV A, I. Kaminov and T. Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002, ch. 7, pp. 295-373.
13. T. Nielsen and S. Chandrasekhar, "OFC 2004 workshop on optical and electronic mitigation of impairments," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 131-142, Jan. 2005.
14. D. Castagnozzi, "Digital signal processing and electronic equalization (EE) of ISI," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2004, Paper WM6.
15. A. Färbert, S. Langenbach, N. Stojanovic, C. Dorschky, T. Kupfer, C. Schulien, J.-P. Elbers, H. Wernz, H. Griesser, and C. Glingener, "Performance of a 10.7-Gb/s receiver with digital equalizer using maximum likelihood sequence estimation," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2004, Paper Th4.1.5.
16. T. Mizuochi, K. Kubo, H. Yoshida, H. Fujita, H. Tagami, M. Akita, and K. Motoshima, "Next generation FEC for optical transmission systems," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2003, Paper ThN1.
17. D. McGhan, C. Laperle, A. Savchenko, C. Li, G. Mak, and M. O'Sullivan, "5120 km RZ-DPSK transmission over G.652 fiber at 10 Gb/s with no optical dispersion compensation," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2005, Paper PDP27.
18. Y. Yamamoto, "Receiver performance evaluation of various digital optical modulation-demodulation systems in the 0.5-10 μm wavelength region," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1251-1259, Nov. 1980.
19. R. A. Linke and A. H. Gnauck, "High-capacity coherent lightwave systems," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. LT-6, no. 11, pp. 1750-1769, Nov. 1988.
20. G. Jacobsen, Noise in Digital Optical Transmission Systems. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1994.
21. O. K. Tonguz and R. E. Wagner, "Equivalence between preamplified direct detection and heterodyne receivers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 835-837, Sep. 1991.
22. A. H. Gnauck, J. Sinsky, P. J. Winzer, and S. Chandrasekhar, "Linear microwave-domain dispersion compensation of 10-Gb/s signals using heterodyne detection," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2005, Paper PDP31.
23. S. Tsukamoto, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. Katoh, and K. Kikuchi, "Coherent demodulation of 40-Gbit/s polarization-multiplexed QPSK signals with 16-GHz spacing after 200-km transmission," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2005, Paper PDP29.
24. Proc. IEEE/LEOS Workshop Advanced Modulation Formats, 2004.
25. J. Conradi, "Bandwidth-efficient modulation formats for digital fiber transmission systems," in Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV B, I. Kaminow and T. Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002, pp. 862-901.
26. P. J. Winzer, "Optical transmitters, receivers, and noise," in Wiley Encyclopedia of Telecommunications, J. G. Proakis, Ed. New York: Wiley, pp. 1824-1840. [Online]. Available: http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley. com/eot/eot_sample_fs.html
27. A. H. Gnauck, "Advanced amplitude- and phase coded formats for 40-Gb/s fiber transmission," in Proc. IEEE/LEOS Annu. Meeting, 2004, Paper WR1.
28. S. Bigo, G. Charlet, and E. Corbel, "What has hybrid Phase/Intensity encoding brought to 40 Gbit/s ultralong-haul systems," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC). 2004, Paper Th2.5.1.
29. A. Hirano and Y. Miyamoto, "Novel modulation formats in ultra-highspeed optical transmission systems and their applications," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2004, Paper ThM1.
30. P. J. Winzer and R.-J. Essiambre, "Advanced optical modulation formats," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2003, Paper Th2.6.1.
31. _, "System trade-offs and optical modulation formats," in Proc. Optical Amplifiers and their Applications (OAA), 2004, Paper OTuC4.
32. P. J. Winzer, R.-J. Essiambre, and S. Chandrasekhar, "Dispersion- tolerant optical communication systems," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2004, Paper We2.4.1.
33. I. P. Kaminow and T. L. Koch, Eds., Optical Fiber Telecommunications III A + B. New York: Academic, 1997.
34. I. Kaminow and T. Li, Eds., Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV A + B. New York: Academic, 2002.
35. G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, 3rd ed., New York: Wiley, 2002.
36. R. Ramaswami and K. Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2001.
37. L. G. Kazovsky, S. Benedetto, and A. E. Willner, Optical Fiber Communication Systems. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1996.
38. K. Okamoto, Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides. New York: Academic, 2000.
39. S. Betti, G. D. Marchis, and E. Iannone, "Polarizalion modulated direct detection optical transmission systems," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 1985-1997, Dec. 1992.
40. A. S. Siddiqui, S. G. Edirisinghe, J. J. Lepley, J. G. Ellison, and S. D. Walker, "Dispersion-tolerant transmission using a duobinary polarization-shift keying transmission scheme," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 158-160, Feb. 2002.
41. J. J. Lepley, J. G. Ellison, S. G. Edirisinghe, A. S. Siddiqui, and S. D. Walker, "Excess penalty impairments of polarization shift keying transmission format in presence of polarization mode dispersion," Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 736-737, 2000.
42. A. Hodzic, B. Konrad, and K. Petermann, "Improvement of system performance in N × 40 -Gb/s WDM transmission using alternate polarizations," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 153-155, Jan. 2003.
43. C. Xie, I. Kang, A. H. Gnauck, L. Moller, L. F. Mollenauer, and A. R. Grant, "Suppression of intrachannel nonlinear effects with alternate-polarization formats," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 806-812, Mar. 2004.
44. L. E. Nelson and H. Kogelnik, "Coherent crosstalk impairments in polarization mulliplexed transmission due to polarizalion mode dispersion," Opt. Express, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 350-361, 2000.
45. J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 4th ed. New York: Mc Graw-Hill, 2001.
46. R. Gitlin, J. F. Hayes, and S. B. Weinstein, Data Communications Principles. New York: Plenum, 1992.
47. G. Kramer, A. Ashikhmin, A. J. V. Wijngaarden, and X. Wei, "Spectral efficiency of coded phase-shift keying for fiber-optic communication," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 2438-2445, Oct. 2003.
48. S. Walklin and J. Conradi, "Multilevel signaling for increasing the reach of 10-Gb/s lightwave systems," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 2235-2248, Nov. 1999.
49. R. A. Griffin and A. C. Carter, "Optical differential quadrature phase shift key (oDQPSK) for high-capacity optical transmission," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2002, Paper WX6.
50. R. A. Griffin, R. I. Johnstone, R. G. Walker, J. Hall, S. D. Wadsworth, K. Berry, A. C. Carter, M. J. Wale, J. Hughes, P. A. Jerram, and N. J. Parsons, "10 Gb/s optical differential quadrature phase shift key (DQPSK) transmission using GaAs/AlGaAs integration," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2002, Paper FD6.
51. M. Ohm, "Optical 8-DPSK and receiver with direct detection and multilevel electrical signals," in IEEE/LEOS Workshop Advanced Modulation Formats, 2004, pp. 45-46.
52. M. Ohm and J. Speidel, "Quaternary optical ASK-DPSK and receivers with direct detection," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 159-161, Jan. 2003.
53. S. Hayase, N. Kikuchi, K. Sekine, and S. Sasaki, "Proposal of 8-state per symbol (binary ASK and QPSK) 30-Gbit/s optical modulation/ demodulation scheme," in Proc. Fur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2003, Paper Th2.6.4.
54. E. Forestieri and G. Prati, "Novel optical line codes tolerant to fiber chromatic dispersion," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 1675-1684, Nov. 2001.
55. B. Vasic, V. S. Rao, I. B. Djordjevic, R. K. Kostuk, and I. Gabitov, "Ghost-pulse reduction in 40-Gb/s systems using line coding," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1784-1786, Jul. 2004.
56. D. Penninckx, M. Chbat, L. Pierre, and J.-P. Thiery, "The phase-shaped binary transmission (PSBT): A new technique to transmit far beyond the chromatic dispersion limit," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 259-261, Feb. 1997.
57. J. B. Stark, J. E. Mazo, and R. Laroia, "Phased amplitude-shift signaling (PASS) codes: Increasing the spectral efficiency of DWDM transmission," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 1998, pp. 373-374.
58. L. Boivin and G. J. Pendock, "Receiver sensitivity for optically amplified RZ signals with arbitrary duty cycle," in Proc. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications (OAA), 1999, Paper ThB4.
59. P. J. Winzer and A. Kalmar, "Sensitivity enhancement of optical receivers by impulsive coding," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 171-177, Feb. 1999.
60. P. J. Winzer, M. Pfennigbauer, M. M. Strasser, and W. R. Leeb, "Optimum filter bandwidths for optically preamplified RZ and NRZ receivers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 1263-1273, Sep. 2001.
61. W. Idler, A. Klekamp, R. Dischler, J. Lazaro, and A. Konczykowska, "System performance and tolerances of 43 Gb/s ASK and DPSK modulation formats," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2003, Paper Th2.6.3.
62. T. L. Koch, "Laser sources for amplified and WDM lightwave systems," in Optical Fiber Telecommunicattons III, I. P. Kaminow and T. L. Koch, Eds. New York: Academic, 1997, pp. 115-162.
63. D. A. Ackermann, J. E. Johnson, L. J. P. Ketelsen, L. E. Eng, P. A. Kiely, and T. G. B. Mason, "Telecommunication lasers," in Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV, I. Kaminow and T. Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002, pp. 587-665.
64. K. Sato, S. Kuwahara, Y. Miyamoto, and N. Shimizu, "40 gb/s direct modulation of distributed feedback laser for very-short-reach optical links," Electron. Lett., vol. 38, no. 15, pp. 816-817, 2002.
65. B. Wedding, W. Pohlmann, H. Gross, and O. Thalau, "43 Gbit/s transmission over 210 km SMF with a directly modulated laser diode," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2003, Paper Mo4.3.7.
66. Y. Yu, R. Lewen, S. Irmscher, U. Westergren, and L. Thylen, "80 Gb/s ETDM transmitter with a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2005, Paper OWE1.
67. A. Ougazzaden, C. W. Lentz, T. G. B. Mason, K. G. Glogovsky, C. L. Reynolds, G. J. Przybylek, R. E. Leibenguth, T. L. Kercher, J. W. Boardman, M. T. Rader, J. M. Geary, F. S. Walters, J. M. F. L. J. Peticolas, S. N. G. Chu, A. Sirenka, R. J. Jurchenko, M. S. Hybertsen, L. J. P. Ketelsen, and G. Raybon, "40 Gb/s tandem electroabsorption modulator," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2001, Paper PD14.
68. A. H. Gnauck, S. K. Korotky, J. J. Veselka, J. Nagel, C. T. Kemmerer, W. J. Minford, and D. T. Moser, "Dispersion penalty reduction using an optical modulator with adjustable chirp," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 916-918, Oct. 1991.
69. H. Kim and A. H. Gnauck, "Chirp characteristics of dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator with a finite DC extinction ratio," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 298-300, Mar. 2002.
70. P. J. Winzer, C. Dorrer, R.-J. Essiambre, and I. Kang, "Chirped return-to-zero modulation by imbalanced pulse carver driving signals," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1379-1381, May 2004.
71. F. Heismann, S. K. Korotky, and J. J. Veselka, "Lithium niobate integrated optics: Selected contemporary devices and system applications," in Optical Fiber Telecommunications III, I. P. Kaminow and T. L. Koch, Eds. New York: Academic, 1997, pp. 377-462.
72. A. Mahapatra and E. J. Murphy, "Electrooptic modulators," in Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV, I. Kaminow and T. Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002, pp. 258-294.
73. R. A. Griffin, R. G. Walker, and R. I. Johnstone, "Integrated devices for advanced modulation formats," in IEEE/LEOS Workshop Advanced Modulation Formats, 2004, pp. 39-40.
74. M. Erman, P. Jarry, R. Gamonal, P. Autier, J.-P. Chane, and P. Frijlink, "Mach-Zehnder modulators and optical switches on III-v semiconductors, " J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 837-846, Jun. 1988.
75. S. Akiyama, H. Itoh, T. Takeuchi, A. Kuramata, and T. Yamamoto, "Mach-Zehnder modulator driven by 1.2 v single electrical signal," Electron. Lett., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 40-41, 2005.
76. R. A. Griffin, B. Pugh, J. Fraser, I. B. Betty, K. Anderson, G. Busico, C. Edge, and T. Simmons, "Compact, high power, MQW InP machzehnder transmitters with fullband tunability for 10 Gb/s DWDM," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2005, Paper Th2.6.2.
77. K. Tsuzuki, H. Kikuchi, E. Yamada, H. Yasaka, and T. Ishibashi, "1.3-Vpp push-pull drive InP mach-zehnder modulator module for 40 Gbit/s operation," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2005, Paper TH2.6.3.
78. N. M. Froberg, G. Raybon, U. Koren, B. I. Miller, M. G. Young, M. Chien, G. T. Harvey, A. H. Gnauck, and A. M. Johnson, "Generation of 2.5 Gbit/s soliton data stream with an integrated laser-modulator transmitter," Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 22, pp. 1880-1881, 1994.
79. Y. Kao, A. Leven, Y. Baeyens, Y. Chen, D. Grosz, F. Bannon, W. Fang, A. Kung, D. Maywar, T. Lakoba, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, and T. Wood, "10 Gb/s soliton generation for ULH transmission using a wideband GaAs pHemt amplifier," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2003, Paper FF6.
80. X. Liu and Y.-H. Kao, "Generation of RZ-DPSK using a single Mach-Zehnder modulator and novel driver electronics," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2004, Paper We3.4.2.
81. M. Suzuki, H. Tanaka, K. Utaka, N. Edagawa, and Y. Matsushima, "Transform-limited 14 ps optical pulse generation with 15 GHz repetition rate by InGaAsP electroabsorption modulator," Electron. Lett., vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1007-1008, 1992.
82. R.-J. Essiambre, G. Raybon, and B. Mikkelsen, Pseudo-linear transmission, of high-speed TDM signals: 40 and 160 Gb/s, I. Kaminow and T. Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002, pp. 232-304.
83. Y. Miyamoto, A. Hirano, K. Yonenaga, A. Sano, H. Toba, K. Murata, and O. Mitomi, "320-Gbit/s (8 × 40 Gbit/s) WDM transmission over 367-km with 120-km repeater spacing using carrier-suppressed return-to-zero format," Electron. Lett., vol. 35, no. 23, pp. 2041-2042, 1999.
84. A. Hirano, Y. Miyamoto, K. Yonenaga, A. Sano, and H. Toba, "40 Gbit/s 1-band transmission experiment using SPM-tolerant carrier-suppressed RZ format," Electron. Lett., vol. 35, no. 25, pp. 2213-2215, 1999.
85. N. S. Bergano, "Undersea communication systems," in Optical Fiber Telecommunication IV, I. Kaminow and T. Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002, pp. 154-197.
86. C. R. Menyuk, G. M. Carter, W. L. Kath, and R.-M. Mu, "Dispersion-managed solitons and chirped return to zero: What is the difference," in Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV, I. Kaminov and T. Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002, pp. 305-328.
87. R. Ohhira, D. Ogasahara, and T. Ono, "Novel RZ signal format with alternatechirp for suppression of nonlinear degradation in 40 Gb/s based WDM," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2001, Paper WM2.
88. E. A. Golovchenko, N. S. Bergano, C. R. Davidson, and A. N. Pilipetskii, "Modeling versus experiments of 1610 Gbit/s WDM chirped RZ pulse transmission over 7500 km," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 1999, Paper ThQ3.
89. B. Bakhshi, M. Vaa, E. A. Golovchenko, W. W. Patterson, R. L. Maybach, and N. S. Bergano, "Comparison of CRZ, RZ and NRZ modulation formats in a 64 × 12.3 Gb/s WDM transmission experiment over 9000 km," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2001, Paper WF4.
90. R. A. Griffin, R. G. Walker, R. I. Johnstone, R. Harris, N. M. B. Perney, N. D. Whitbread, T. Widdowson, and P. Harper, "Integrated 10 Gb/s chirped return-to-zero transmitter using GaAsAlGaAs modulators," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2001, Paper PD15.
91. G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics. New York: Academic, 2001.
92. A. H. Gnauck and R. M. Jopson, "Dispersion compensation for optical fiber systems," in Optical Fiber Telecommunications III, I. P. Kaminov and T. L. Koch, Eds. New York: Academic, 1997, pp. 162-195.
93. S. Chandrasekhar, C. R. Doerr, L. L. Buhl, D. Mahgerefteh, Y. Matsui, B. Johnson, C. Liao, X. Zheng, K. McCallion, Z. Fanand, and P. Tayebati, "Flexible transport at 10 Gb/s from 0 to 675 km (11,500 ps/nm) using a chirp-managed laser and no DCF and a dynamically adjustable dispersion- compensating receiver," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2005, Paper PDP30.
94. B. Wedding, "New method for optical transmission beyond dispersion limit," Flectron. Lett., vol. 28, no. 142, pp. 1298-1300, 1992.
95. B. Wedding, B. Franz, and B. Junginger, "10-Gb/s optical transmission up to 253 km via standard single-mode fiber using the method of dispersion-supported transmission," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1720-1727, Oct. 1994.
96. M. M. E. Said, J. Sitch, and M. I. Elmasry, "An electrically pre-equalized 10-Gb/s duobinary transmission system," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 388-400, Jan. 2005.
97. K. Roberts, "Making lightpaths independent of optical physics," in Proc. IEEE/LEOS 16th Annu. Workshop Interconnections Within High Speed Digital Systems, 2005, Paper MB3.
98. P. J. Winzer and R. J. Essiambre, "Electronic pre-distortion for advanced modulation formats," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2005, Paper Tu4.2.2.
99. R.-J. Essiambre and P. J. Winzer, "Fiber nonlinearities in electronicaly pre-distorted transmission," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2005, Paper Tu3.2.2.
100. A. Lender, "The duobinary technique for high-speed data transmission," IEEE Trans. Commun. Electron., vol. 82, pp. 214-218, May 1963.
101. _, "Correlative digital communication techniques," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-12, no. 4, pp. 128-135, Dec. 1964.
102. P. Kabal and S. Pasupathy, "Partial-response signaling," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 921-934, Sep. 1975.
103. A. J. Price and N. LeMercier, "Reduced bandwidth optical digital intensity modulation with improved chromatic dispersion tolerance," Electron. Lett., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 58-59, 1995.
104. K. Yonenaga, S. Kuwano, S. Norimatsu, and N. Shibata, "Optical duobinary transmission system with no receiver sensitivity degradation," Electron. Lett., vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 302-304, 1995.
105. D. Penninckx, L. Pierre, J.-P. Thiery, B. Clesca, M. Chbat, and J. L. Beylat, "Relation between spectrum bandwidth and the effects of chromatic dispersion in optical transmissions," Electron. Left., vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 1023-1024, 1996.
106. S. Walklin and J. Conradi, "On the relationship between chromatic dispersion and transmitter filter response in duobinary optical communication systems," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 1005-1007, Jul. 1997,
107. see also: Comments by D. Penninckx, pp. 902-903, 1998.
108. T. Ono, Y. Yano, K. Fukuchi, T. Ito, H. Yamazaki, M. Yamaguchi, and K. Emura, "Characteristics of optical duobinary signals in Terabit/s capacity, high-spectral efficiency WDM systems," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 788-797, May 1998.
109. H. Kim, G. Lee, H. Lee, S. K. Kim, I. Kang, S. Hwang, and Y. Oh, "On the use of 2.5-Gb/s Mach-Zehnder modulators to generate 10-Gb/s optical duobinary signals," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 2577-2579, Nov. 2004.
110. D. M. Gill, A. H. Gnauck, X. Liu, X. Wei, D. S. Levy, S. Chandrasekhar, and C. R. Doerr, "42.7-Gb/s cost-effective duobinary optical transmitter using a commercial 10-Gb/s Mach-Zehnder modulator with optical filtering," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 917-919, Apr. 2005.
111. P. J. Winzer, G. Raybon, and M. Duelk, "107-Gb/s optical ETDM transmitter for 100 G Ethernet transport," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2005, Paper Th4.1.1.
112. D. Penninckx, H. Bissessur, P. Brindel, E. Gohin, and F. Bakhti, "Optical differential phase shift keying (DPSK) direct detection considered as a duobinary signal," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2001, Paper We.P.40.
113. P. J. Winzer and J. Leuthold, "Return-to-zero modulator using a single NRZ drive signal and an optical delay interferometer," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1298-1300, Dec. 2001.
114. Y. Miyamoto, A. Hirano, S. Kuwahara, Y. Tada, H. Masuda, S. Aozasa, K. Murata, and H. Miyazawa, "S-band 3 × 120-km DSF transmission of 8 × 42.7-Gbit/s DWDM duobinary-carrier-suppressed RZ signals generated by novel wideband PM/AM conversion," in Proc. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications (OAA), 2001, Paper PD6.
115. P. J. Winzer, A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, Y. Suand, and J. Leuthold, "40-Gb/s alternate-mark-inversion return-to-zero (RZAMI) transmission over 2,000 km," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 766-768, May 2003.
116. Y. Miyamoto, K. Yonenaga, A. Hirano, H. Toba, K. Murata, and H. Miyazawa, "Duobinary carrier-suppressed return-to-zero format and its application to 100-GHz spaced 8 × 43-Gb/s DWDM unrepeatered transmission over 163 km," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2001, Paper TuU4.
117. A. Matsuura, K. Yonenaga, Y. Miyamoto, and H. Toba, "Highspeed transmission based on optical modified duobinary signals," Electron. Lett., vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 736-737, 1999.
118. 3 integrated modulator consisting of four-phase modulator waveguides," IEEE Photon. Technol Lett., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 364-366, Apr. 2001.
119. P. M. Watts, V. Mikhailov, M. Glick, P. Bayvel, and R. I. Killey, "Single sideband optical signal generation and chromatic dispersion compensation using digital filters," Electron. Lett., vol. 40, no. 15, pp. 958-960, 2004.
120. W. Idler, S. Bigo, Y. Frignac, B. Franz, and D. Veith, "Vestigial side band demultiplexing for ultra high capacity (0.64 bit/s/Hz) transmission of 128 × 40 Gb/s channels," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2001, Paper MM3.
121. S. Bigo,. Y. Frignac, G. Charlet, W. Idler, S. Borne, H. Gross, R. Dischler, W. Poehlmann, P. Tran, C. Simonneau, D. Bayart, A. J. G. Veith, and J.-P. Hamaide, "10.2 Tbit/s (256 × 42.7 Gbit/s PDM/WDM) transmission over 100 km Teralight fiber with 1.28 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2001, Paper PD25.
122. T. Tsuritani, A. Agata, I. Morita, K. Tanaka, and N. Edagawa, "Performance comparison between DSB and VSB signals in 20 Gb/s based ultra-long-haul WDM systems," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2001, Paper MM5.
123. P. Mamyshev, B. Mikkelsen, F. Liu, S. Dey, J. Bennike, and C. Rasmussen, "Spectrally efficient pseudo duo-binary modulation formats for high-speed optical data transmission," presented at the Conf. Lasers and Electro-optics 2002, Long Beach, CA.
124. A. Agarwal, S. Chandrasekhar, and R.-J. Essiambre, "42.7 Gb/s CSRZVSB for spectrally efficient meshed networks," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2004, Paper We3.4.4.
125. A. H. Gnauck and P. J. Winzer, "Optical phase-shift-keyed transmission," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 115-130, Jan. 2005.
126. P. A. Humblet and M. Azizoglu, "On the bit error rate of lightwave systems with optical amplifiers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1576-1582, Nov. 1991.
127. T. Chikama, S. Watanabe, T. Naito, H. Onaka, T. Kiyonaga, Y. Onoda, H. Miyata, M. Suyama, M. Seino, and H. Kuwahara, "Modulation and demodulation techniques in optical heterodyne PSK transmission systems," J. lightw. Technol., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 309-321, Mar. 1990.
128. P. J. Winzer and H. Kim, "Degradations in balanced DPSK receivers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 1282-1284, Sep. 2003.
129. P. J. Winzer, S. Chandrasekhar, and H. Kim, "Impact of filtering on RZ-DPSK reception," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 840-842, Jun. 2003.
130. H. Kim and P. J. Winzer, "Nonlinear phase noise in phase-coded transmission," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2005, Paper OThO3.
131. X. Gu and L. C. Blank, "10 gbit/s unrepeated three-level optical transmission over 100 km of standard fiber," Electron. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 2209-2211, 1993.
132. G. May, A. Solheim, and J. Conradi, "Extended 10 Gb/s fiber transmission distance at 1538 nm using a duobinary receiver," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 648-650, May 1994.
133. J. H. Sinsky, M. Duelk, and A. Adamiecki, "High-speed electrical backplane transmission using duobinary signaling," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 152-160, Jan. 2005.
134. H. Kim and R.-J. Essiambre, "Transmission of 8 × 20 Gb/s DQPSK signals over 310-km SMF with 0.8-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 769-771, May 2003.
135. T. Tokle, C. R. Davidson, M. Nissov, J.-X. Cai, D. Foursa, and A. Pilipetskii, "6500 km transmission of RZ-DQPSK WDM signals," Electron. Lett., vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 444-445, 2004.
136. M. Ohm and T. Freckmann, "Comparison of different DQPSK transmitters with NRZ and RZ impulse shaping," in IEEE/LEOS Workshop Advanced Modulation Formats, 2004, pp. 7-8.
137. A. H. Gnauck, P. J. Winzer, S. Chandrasekhar, and C. Dorrer, "Spectrally efficient (0.8 b/s/Hz) 1-Tb/s (25 × 42.7 Gb/s) RZ-DQPSK transmission over 28 100-km SSMF spans with 7 optical add/drops," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2004, Paper Th4.4.1.
138. M. Cavallari, C. R. S. Fludger, and P. J. Anslow, "Electronic signal processing for differential phase modulation formats," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC). 2004, Paper TuG2.
139. N. Yoshikane and I. Morita, "1.14 b/s/Hz spectrally efficient 50 × 85.4-Gb/s transmission over 300 km using copolarized RZ-DQPSK signals," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 108-114, Jan. 2005.
140. J. Wang and J. M. Kahn, "Impact of chromatic and polarization-mode dispersions on DPSK systems using interferometric demodulation and direct detection," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 362-371, Feb. 2004.
141. H. Kim and P. J. Winzer, "Robustness to laser frequency offset in direct-detection DPSK and DQPSK systems," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 21, no.- 9, pp. 1887-1891, Sep. 2003.
142. C. R. Doerr, D. M. Gill, A. H. Gnauck, L. L. Buhl, P. J. Winzer, M. A. Cappuzzo, A. Wong-Foy, E. Y. Chen, and L. T. Gomez, "Simultaneous reception of both quadratures of 40-Gb/s DQPSK using a simple monolithic demodulator," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2005, Paper PDP12.
143. B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics. New York: Wiley, 1991.
144. H. Wu, J. A. Tierno, P. Pepeljugoski, J. Schaub, S. Gowda, J. A. Kash, and A. Hajimiri, "Integrated transversal equalizers in high-speed fiberoptic systems," J. Solid-Stale Circuits, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 2131-2137, 2003.
145. P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers, Fundamentals and Technology. New York: Academic, 1999.
146. E. Desurvire, D. Bayart, B. Desthieux, and S. Bigo, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers and Device and System Developments. New York: Wiley, 2002.
147. K. Rottwitt and A. J. Stentz, Raman amplification in lightwave communication systems," in Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV, I. Kaminow and T. Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002, pp. 213-257.
148. Telecommunications IV, I. Kaminow and T. Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002, pp. 213-257.
149. M. N. Islam, Ed., Roman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 1 + 2. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003.
150. H. A. Haus, Electromagnetic Noise and Quantum Optical Measurements. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2000.
151. N. A. Olsson, "Lightwave systems with optical amplifiers," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1071-1082, Jul. 1989.
152. "Session T4.4: Submarine line terminal equipment technology," in Proc. SubOptic 2001 Int. Convention, 2001.
153. Interfaces for the Optical Transport Network (OTN), Standard ITU-T G.709, 2003.
154. M. Pauer and P. J. Winzer, "Impact of extinction ratio on RZ gain in optically preamplificd receivers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 879-881, Jun. 2003.
155. X. Zheng, F. Liu, and P. Jeppeseh, "Receiver optimization for 40-Gb/s optical duobinary signal," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 744-746, Jul. 2001.
156. D. O. Caplan, B. S. Robinson, R. J. Murphy, and M. L. Stevens, "Demonstration of 2.5-Gslot/s optically-preamplified M-PPM with 4 photons/bit receiver sensitivity," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2005, Paper PDP32.
157. P. J. Winzer, M. Pfennigbauer, and R.-J. Essiambre, "Coherent crosstalk in ultra-dense WDM systems," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1734-1744, Apr. 2005.
158. P. J. Winzer and R.-J. Essiambre, "Optical receiver design trade-offs," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2003, pp. 468-470.
159. A. Hodzic, M. Winter, B. Konrad, S. Randel, and K. Petermann, "Optimized filtering for 40-Gb/s/Ch-based DWDM transmission systems over standard single-mode fiber," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1002-1004, Jul. 2003.
160. S. Suzuki and Y. Kokubun, "Design rule of wavelength filter bandwidth and pulsewidth for ultimate spectral efficiency limited by crosstalk in DWDM systems," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1645-1647, Nov. 2003.
161. M. Pfennigbauer and P. J. Winzer, "Choice of MUX/DEMUX filter characteristics for NRZ, RZ, and CSRZ DWDM systems," J. Lightw. Technol., 2005.
162. H. Kim and C. X. Yu, "Optical duobinary transmission system featuring improved receiver sensitivity and reduced optical bandwidth," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 1205-1207, Aug. 2002.
163. G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, A. H. Gnauck, B. Zhu, and L. L. Buhl, "Experimental investigation of long-haul transport at 42.7 Gb/s through concatenated optical add/drop nodes," in Proc. Opt. Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2004, Paper ThE4.
164. G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, A. Agarwal, A. H. Gnauck, J. S. L. L. Buhl, and A. Adamiecki, "Limitations of optical add/drop filtering on 42.7-Gb/s transmission with 50-GHz channel spacing," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2004, Paper Mo4.5.1.
165. G. Raybon, A. Agarwal, S. Chandrasekhar, and R.-J. Essiambre, 'Transmission of 42.7-Gb/s VSB-CSRZ over 1600 km and four OADM nodes with a spectral efficiency of 0.8-bit/s/Hz," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC). 2005, Paper Mo3.2.7.
166. G. Raybon, "Performance of advanced modulation formats in optically-routed networks," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2006, Paper OThRl.
167. J. Bromage, P. J. Winzer, and R.-J. Essiambre, Multiple-path interference and its impact on system design," in Roman Amplifiers and Oscillators in Telecommunications, M. N. Islam, Ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003.
168. C. Rasmussen, F. Liu, R. J. S. Pedersen, and B. F. Jorgensen, "Theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of the number of crosstalk signals on the penalty caused by incoherent optical crosstalk," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 1999, Paper TuR5.
169. S. Radic, N. Vukovic, S. Chandrasekhar, A. Velingker, and A. Srivastava, "Forward error correction performance in the presence of rayleigh-dominated transmission noise," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 326-328, Feb. 2003.
170. J. Bromage, C. H. Kim, P. J. Winzer, L. E. Nelson, R.-J. Essiambre, and R. M. Jopson, "Relative impact of multiple-path interference and amplified spontaneous emission noise on optical receiver performance," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2002, Paper TuR3.
171. C. R. S. Fludger, Y. Zhu, V. Handerek, and R. J. Mears, "Impact of MPI and modulation format an transmission systems employing distributed raman amplification," Electron. Lett., vol. 37, no. 15, pp. 970-972, 2001.
172. L. Eskildsen and P. B. Hansen, "Interferometric noise in lightwave systems with optical preamplifiers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 1538-1540, Nov. 1997.
173. S. Chandrasekhar, L. L. Buhl, and B. Zhu, "Performance of forward error correction coding in the presence of in-band crosstalk," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2002, Paper WP1.
174. A. Yariv, H. Blauveit, and S.-W. Wu, "A reduction of interferometric phase-to-intensity conversion noise in fiber links by large index phase modulation of the optical beam," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 10, pp. 978-981, Jul. 1992.
175. P. K. Pepeljugoski and K. Y. Lau, "Interferometric noise reduction in fiber-optic links by superposition of high frequency, modulation," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 957-963, Jul. 1992.
176. F. Forghieri, R. W. Tkach, and A. R. Chraplyvy, "Dispersion compensating fiber: Is there merit in the figure of merit?," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 970-972, Jul. 1997.
177. S. Chandrasekhar, "Dispersion tolerant alternative 10-Gb/s transmitters and implications for WDM optical networking," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2006.
178. H. Kogelnik, R. M. Jopson, and L. E. Nelson, Polarization-mode dispersion," in Optial Fiber Telecommunication, I. Kaminow and T. Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002, pp. 725-861.
179. R. M. Jopson, L. E. Nelson, G. J. Pendock, and A. H. Gnauck, "Polarization-mode dispersion impairment in return-to-zero and non return-to-zero systems," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 1999, Paper WE3.
180. P. J. Winzer, H. Kogelnik, C. H. Kim, H. Kim, R. M. Jopson, L. E. Nelson, and K. Ramanan, "Receiver impact on first-order PMD outage," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1482-1484, Oct. 2003.
181. C. Xie, S. Shen, and L. Moller, "Effects of transmitter imperfection on polarization mode dispersion impairments," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 614-616, Apr. 2003.
182. C. H. Kim, H. Kim, R. M. Jopson, and P. J. Winzer, "Dependence of PMD penalties on decision point and receiver bandwidth," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2002, Paper TuI4.
183. N. Kaneda, X. Liu, Z. Zheng, X. Wei, M. Tayahi, M. Movassaghi, and D. Levy, "Improved polarization-mode-dispersion tolerance in duobinary transmission," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1005-1007, Jul. 2003.
184. M. Boroditsky, M. Brodsky, N. J. Frigo, P. Magill, C. Antonelli, and A. Mecozzi, "Outage probabilities for fiber routes with finite number of degrees of freedom, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 345-347, Feb. 2005.
185. C. R. Doerr, S. Chandrasekhar, P. J. Winzer, A. R. Chraplyvy, A. H. Gnauck, L. W. Stulz, R. Pafchek, and E. Burrows, "Simple multichannel optical equalizer mitigating intersymbol interference for 40-Gb/s non return-to-zero signals," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 249-256, Jan. 2004.
186. H. F. Haunstein, W. Sauer-Greff, A. Dittrich, K. Sticht, and R. Urbansky, "Principles for electronic equalization of polarization-mode dispersion," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1169-1182, Apr. 2004.
187. F. Buchali and H. Bulow, "Adaptive PMD compensation by electrical and optical techniques," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1116-1126, Apr. 2004.
188. P. G. Drazin and R. S. Johnson, Solitons: An Introduction. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989.
189. G. P. Agrawal, Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics. New York: Academic, 2001.
190. R.-J. Essiambre and G. P. Agrawal, Soliton communication systems," in Progress in Optics, vol. 33, E. Wolf, Ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland, 1997.
191. L. F. Mollenauer, J. P. Gordon, and P. V. Mamyshev, Solitons in high bit-rate, long-distance transmission," in Optical Fiber Telecommunications III A, I. P. Kaminov and T. L. Koch, Eds. New York;. Academic, 1997, pp. 373-460.
192. L. F. Mollenauer, R. H. Stolen, and J. P. Gordon, "Experimental observation of picosecond pulse narrowing and solitons in optical fibers," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 45, pp. 1095-1098, 1980.
193. L. F. Mollenauer, J. P. Gordon, and M. N. Islam, "Soliton propagation in long fibers with periodically compensated loss," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-22, no. 1, pp. 157-173, Jan. 1986.
194. H. Kubota and M. Nakazawa, "Long-distance optical soliton transmission with lumped amplifiers," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 692-700, Apr. 1990.
195. B. Biotteau, J.-P. Hamaide, F. Pitel, O. Audouin, P. Nouchi, and P. Sansonetti, "Enhancement of soliton system performance by use of new large effective area fibers," Electron. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 2026-2027, 1995.
196. L. F. Mollenauer, P. V. Mamyshev, and M. J. Neubelt, "Demonstration of soliton WDM transmission at 6 and 7 × 10 gbit/s, error free over transoceanic distances," Electron. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 471-473, 1996.
197. A. Hasegawa and M. Matsumoto, Optical Solitons in Fibers. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2002.
198. D. Marcuse, A. R. Chraplyvy, and R. W. Tkach, "Effect of fiber nonlinearity on long-distance transmission," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 121-128, Jan. 1991.
199. P. V. Mamyshev and L. F. Mollenauer, "Pseudo-phase-matched four-wave mixing in soliton wavelength-division multiplexing transmission," Opt. Lett., pp. 396-398, 1996.
200. M. Suzuki, I. Morita, N. Edagawa, S. Yamamoto, H. Taga, and S. Akiba, "Reduction of gordon-haus timing jitter by periodic dispersion compensation in soliton transmission," Electron. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 2027-2029, 1995.
201. N. J. Smith, W. Forysiak, and N. J. Doran, "Reduced GordonHaus jitter due to enhanced power solitons in strongly dispersion managed systems," Electron. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 2085-2086, 1996.
202. N. J. Smith, N. J. Doran, W. Forysiak, and F. M. Knox, "Soliton transmission using periodic dispersion compensation," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1808-1822, Oct. 1997.
203. J. H. B. Nijhof, W. Forysiak, and N. J. Doran, "The averaging method for finding exactly periodic dispersion-managed solitons," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 330-336, Mar./Apr. 2000.
204. E. A. Golovchenko, J. M. Jacob, A. N. Pilipetskii, C. R. Menyuk, and G. M. Carter, "Dispersion-managed solitons in a fiber loop with in-line filtering," Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 289-291, 1997.
205. H. Taga, K. Imai, N. Takeda, M. Suzuki, S. Yamamoto, and S. Akiba, "10 WDM 10 Gbit/s recirculating loop transmission experiments using dispersion slope compensator and nonsoliton RZ pulse," Electron. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 2058-2059, 1997.
206. L. F. Mollenauer and P. V. Mamyshev, "Massive wavelength-division multiplexing with solitons," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 2089-2102, Nov. 1998.
207. I. Morita, M. Suzuki, N. Edagawa, K. Tanaka, and S. Yamamoto, "Long-haul soliton WDM transmission with periodic dispersion compensation and dispersion slope compensation," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 80-85, Jan. 1999.
208. F. Favre, D. L. Guen, and T. Georges, "Experimental evidence of pseudoperiodical soliton propagation in dispersion-managed links," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1032-1036, Jun. 1999.
209. L. F. Mollenauer, P. V. Mamyshev, J. Gripp, M. J. Neubelt, N. Mamysheva, L. Grüner-Nielsen, and T. Veng, "Demonstration of massive wavelength-division multiplexing over transoceanic distances by use of dispersion-managed solitons," Opt. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 704-706, 2000.
210. R.-J. Essiambre, B. Mikkelsen, and G. Raybon, "Intra-channel cross-phase modulation and four-wave mixing in high-speed TDM systems," Electron. Lett., vol. 35, pp. 1576-1578, 1999.
211. P. V. Mamyshev and N. A. Mamysheva, "Pulse-overlapped dispersion-managed data transmission and intrachannel four-wave mixing," Opt. Lett., vol. 24, pp. 1454-1456, 1999.
212. B. Mikkelsen, G. Raybon, R.-J. Essiambre, A. J. Stentz, T. N. Nielsen, D. W. Peckham, L. Hsu, L. Grüner-Nielsen, K. Dreyer, and J. E. Johnson, "320-Gb/s single-channel pseudolinear transmission over 200 km of nonzero-dispersion fiber," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1400-1402, Oct. 2000.
213. A. Mecozzi, C. B. Clausen, and M. Shtaif, "Analysis of intrachannel nonlinear effects in highly dispersed optical pulse transmission," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 392-394, Apr. 2000.
214. _, "System impact of infra-channel nonlinear effects in highly dispersed optical pulse transmission," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1633-1635, Dec. 2000.
215. T. Inoue and A. Maruta, "Pre-spread RZ pulse transmission for reducing intra-channel nonlinear interactions," in Proc. IEEE/LEOS Annu. Meeting. 2000, Paper MJ3.
216. M. J. Ablowitz and T. Hirooka, "Resonant nonlinear intrachannel interactions in strongly dispersion-managed transmission systems," Opt. Lett., vol. 25, pp. 1750-1752, 2000.
217. A. Mecozzi, C. B. Clausen, M. Shtaif, S.-G. Park, and A. H. Gnauck, "Cancellation of timing and amplitude jitter in symmetric links using highly dispersed pulses," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 445-447, May 2001.
218. S. Kumar, J. C. Mauro, S. Raghavan, and D. Q. Chowdhury, "Intrachannel nonlinear penalties in dispersion-managed transmission systems," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 626-631, May/Jun. 2002.
219. V. K. Mezentsev, S. K. Turitsyn, and N. J. Doran, "System optimization of 80 gbit/s single channel transmission over 1000 km of standard fiber," Electron. Lett., vol. 36, pp. 1949-1950, 2000.
220. A. Cauvin, Y. Frignac, and S. Bigo, "Nonlinear impairments at various bit rates in single-channel dispersion-managed systems," Electron. Lett., vol. 39, pp. 1670-1671, 2003.
221. R. I. Killey, H. J. Thiele, V. Mikhailov, and P. Bayvel, "Reduction of intrachannel nonlinear distortion in 40-Gb/s-based WDM transmission over standard fiber," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1624-1626, Dec. 2000.
222. T. Inoue and A. Maruta, "Suppression of nonlinear intrachannel interactions between return-to-zero pulses in dispersion-managed optical transmission systems," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 19, pp. 440-447, 2002.
223. J. Martensson, A. Berntson, and M. Westlund, "Intra-channel pulse interactions in 40 Gbit/s dispersion-managed RZ transmission system," Electron. Lett., vol. 36, pp. 244-246, 2000.
224. S. Banerjee, A. Agarwal, D. F. Grosz, A. Küng, and D. N. Maywar, "Doubly periodic dispersion maps for 10 and 40 Gbit/s ultra-long-haul transmission," Electron. Lett., vol. 40, pp. 1287-1288, 2004.
225. C. Xie, "A doubly periodic dispersion map for ultralong-haul 10- and 40-Gb/s hybrid DWDM optical mesh networks," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1091-1093, May 2005.
226. K. S. Kim and M. E. Lines, "Temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in dispersion-shifted fibers: Experiment and analysis," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 73, pp. 2069-2074, 1993.
227. K. Yonenaga, A. Hirano, S. Kuwahara, Y. Miyamoto, H. Toba, K. Sato, and H. Miyazawa, "Temperature-independent 80 Gbit/s OTDM transmission experiment using zero-dispersion-flattened transmission line," Electron. Lett., vol. 36, pp. 343-345, 2000.
228. P. Pecci, S. Lanne, Y. Frignac, J.-C. Antona, G. Charlet, and S. Bigo, "Tolerance to dispersion compensation parameters of six modulation formats in systems operating at 43 Gbit/s," Electron. Lett., vol. 39, pp. 1844-1846, 2003.
229. M. Midrio, F. Matera, and M. Settembre, "Reduction of amplified spontaneous emission noise impact on optically amplified systems in normal dispersion region of fiber," Electron. Lett., vol. 33, pp. 1066-1068, 1997.
230. R. Hui, M. OSullivan, A. Robinson, and M. Taylor, "Modulation instability and its impact in multispan optical amplified IMDD systems: Theory and experiments," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1071-1082, Jul. 1997.
231. G. P. Agrawal, "Modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 59, pp. 880-883, 1987.
232. C. J. McKinstrie and R. Bingham, "The modulational instability of coupled waves," Phys. Fluids, vol. 1, pp. 230-237, 1989.
233. A. Bononi, P. Serena, J.-C. Antona, and S. Bigo, "Implications of nonlinear interaction of signal and noise in low-OSNR transmission systems with FEC," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2005, Paper OThWS.
234. H. A. Haus and Y. Lai, "Quantum theory of soliton squeezing: A linearized approach," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol. 7, pp. 386-392, 1990.
235. I. P. Gordon and H. A. Haus, "Random walk of coherently amplified solitons in optical fiber transmission," Opt. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 665-667, 1986.
236. J. P. Gordon and L. F. Mollenauer, "Phase noise in photonic communications systems using linear amplifiers," Opt. Lett., vol. 15, no. 23, pp. 1351-1353, 1990.
237. H. Kim and A. H. Gnauck, "Experimental investigation of the performance limitation of DPSK systems due to nonlinear phase noise," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 320-322, Feb. 2003.
238. T. Mizuochi, K. Ishida, T. Kobayashi, J. Abe, K. Kinjo, K. Motoshima, and K. Kasahara, "A comparative study of DPSK and OOK WDM transmission over transoceanic distances and their performance degradations due to nonlinear phase noise," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1933-1943, Sep. 2003.
239. M. Ohm, R.-J. Essiambre, and P. J. Winzer, "Nonlinear phase noise and distortion in 42.7-Gbit/s RZ-DPSK systems," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2005.
240. H. Kim, "Cross-phase-modulation-induced nonlinear phase noise in WDM direct-detection DPSK Systems," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1770-1774, Aug. 2003.
241. D. Dahan and G. Eisenstein, "Numerical comparison between distributed and discrete amplification in a point-to-point 40-Gb/s 40-WDM based transmission system with three different modulation formats," J. Lighrw. Technol., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 379-388, Mar. 2002.
242. A. Hodžić, B. Konrad, and K. Petermann, "Alternative modulation formats in n 40 Gb/s WDM standard fiber RZ-transmission systems," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 598-607, Apr. 2002.
243. A. H. Gnauck, X. Liu, X. Wei, D. M. Gill, and E. C. Burrows, "Comparison of modulation formats for 42.7-Gb/s single-channel transmission through 1980 km of SSMF," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 909-911, Mar. 2004.
244. W. H. Loh, R. I. Laming, A. D. Ellis, and D. Atkinson, "10 Gb/s transmission over 700 km of standard single-mode fiber with 10-cm chirped fiber grating compensator and duobinary transmitter," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1258-1260, Sep. 1996.
245. S. Aisawa, J. Kani, M. Fukui, T. Sakamoto, M. Jinno, S. Norimatsu, H. Ono, and K. Oguchi, "Dispersion-compensation-free 1610 gbit/s wdm transmission in 1580 nm band over 640 km of dispersion-shifted fiber by employing optical duobinary coding," Electron. Lett., pp. 480-481, 1998.
246. S. Aisawa, J.-I. Kani, M. Fukui, T. Sakamoto, M. Jinno, S. Norimatsu, M. Yamada, H. Ono, and K. Oguchi, "A 1580-nm band wdm transmission technology employing optical duobinary coding," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 191-199, Feb. 1999.
247. H. Bissessur, G. Charlet, W. Idler, C. Simonneau, S. Borne, L. Pierre, R. Dischler, C. D. Barros, and P. Tran, "3.2 Tbit/s (80 × 40 Gbit/s) phase-shaped binary transmission over 3 × 100 km with 0.8 bit/s/Hz efficiency," Electron. Lett., vol. 38, pp. 377-379, 2002.
248. G. Charlet, J.-C. Antona, S. Lanne, P. Tran, W. Idler, M. Gorlier, S. Borne, A. Klekamp, C. Simonneau, L. Pierre, Y. Frignac, M. Molina, F. Beaumont, J.-P. Hamaide, and S. Bigo, "6.4 Tb/s (159 × 42.7 Gb/s) capacity over 21 × 100 km using bandwidth-limited phase-shaped binary transmission," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2002, Paper PD4.1.
249. G. Charlet, J.-C. Antona, S. Lanne, and S. Bigo, "From 2,100 km to 2,700 km distance using phase-shaped binary transmission at 6.3 Tbit/s capacity," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2003, Paper WE3.
250. G. Charlet, S. Lanne, L. Pierre, C. Simonneau, P. Tran, H. Mardoyan, P. Brindel, M. Gorlier, J.-C. Antona, M. Molina, P. Sillard, J. Godin, W. Idler, and S. Bigo, "Cost-optimized 6.3 Tbit/s-capacity terrestrial link over 17 ×. 100 km using phase-shaped binary transmission in a conventional all-EDFA SMF-based system," in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2003, Paper PD25.
251. W. Kaiser, M. Wichers, T. Wuth, W. Rosenkranz, C. Scheerer, C. Glingener, A. Farben, J.-P. Eibers, and G. Fischer, "SPM limit of duobinary transmission," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2000, Paper We7.2.2.
252. K. Yonenaga, Y. Miyamoto, A. Hirano, A. Sano, S. Kuwahara, H. Kawakami, H. Toba, K. Murata, M. Fukutoku, Y. Yamane, K. Noguchi, T. Ishibashi, and K. Nakajima, "320 Gbit/s WDM field experiment using 40 Gbit/s ETDM channels over 176 km dispersion-shifted fiber with nonlinearity tolerant signal format," Electron. Lett., vol. 36, pp. 153-155, 2000.
253. A. Sano and Y. Miyamoto, "Performance evaluation of prechirped RZ and CS-RZ formats in high-speed transmission systems with dispersion management," J. Lighrw. Technol., vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1864-1871, Dec. 2001.
254. eff PSCF and AC-RZ signal format," Electron. Lett., vol. 39, pp. 386-388, 2003.
255. A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. F. Grosz, A. P. Kung, D. N. Maywar, A. Gurevich, and T. H. Wood, "Ultra-high-capacity long-haul 40-Gb/s WDM transmission with 0.8-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency by means of strong optical filtering," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 470-472, Mar. 2003.
256. T. Tsuritani, A. Agata, K. Imai, I. Morita, K. Tanaka, T. Miyakawa, N. Edagawa, and M. Suzuki, "35 GHz spaced 20 gbps × 100 km WDM RZ transmission over 2700 km using SMF-based dispersion flattened fiber span," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2000, Paper PD1.5.
257. T. Tsuritani, A. Agata, I. Morita, N. Edagawa, and S. Akiba, "Ultralong-haul 40-Gbit/s-based DWDM transmission using optically pre-filtered CS-RZ signals," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 403-411, Mar./Apr. 2004.
258. K. S. Cheng and J. Conradi, "Reduction of pulse-to-pulse interaction using alternative RZ formats in 40-Gb/s systems," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 98-100, Jan. 2002.
259. P. Johannisson, D. Anderson, M. Marklund, A. Berntson, M. Forzati, and J. MÅrtensson, "Suppression of nonlinear effects by phase alternation in strongly dispersion-managed optical transmission," Opt. Lett., vol. 27, pp. 1073-1075, 2002.
260. S. Randel, B. Konrad, A. Hodžic, and K. Petermann, "Influence of bitwise phase changes on the performance of 160 Gbit/s transmission systems," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Optical Communication (ECOC), 2002, Paper P3.31.
261. M. Forzati, J. MǍrtensson, A. Berntson, A. Djupsjöbacka, and P. Johannisson, "Reduction of intrachannel four-wave mixing using the alternate-phase RZ modulation format," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 1285-1287, Sep. 2002.
262. N. Alić and Y. Fainman, "Data-dependent phase coding for suppression of ghost pulses in optical fibers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1212-1214, Apr. 2004.
263. M. Forzati, A. Berntson, and J. MÅrtensson, "IFWM suppression using APRZ with optimized phase-modulation parameters," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 2368-2370, Oct. 2004.
264. D. M. Gill, A. H. Gnauck, X. Liu, X. Wei, and Y. Su, "π/2 alternate-phase on/off keyed 42.7 Gb/s long-haul transmission over 1980 km of standard single-mode fiber," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 906-908, Mar. 2004.
265. Y. Zhu and A. Hadjifotiou, "Nonlinear tolerance benefit of modified-CSRZ DPSK modulation format," Electron. Lett., vol. 40, pp. 903-904, 2004.
266. G. Charlet, E. Corbel, J. Lazaro, A. Klekamp, R. Dischler, P. Tran, W. Idler, H. Mardoyan, A. Konczykowska, F. Jorge, and S. Bigo, "WDM transmission at 6-Tbit/s capacity over transatlantic distance, using 42.7-Gb/s differential phase-shift keying without pulse carver," J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 104-107, Jan. 2005.
267. P. S. Cho, V. S. Grigoryan, Y. A. Godin, A. Salamon, and Y. Achiam, "Transmission of 25-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK signals with 25-GHz channel spacing over 1000 km of SMF-28 fiber," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 473-475, Mar. 2003.
268. J.-X. Cai, D. G. Foursa, L. Liu, C. R. Davidson, Y. Cai, W. W. Patterson, A. J. Lucero, B. Bakhshi, G. Mohs, P. C. Corbett, V. Gupta, W. Anderson, M. Vaa, G. Domagala, M. Mazurczyk, H. Li, S. Jiang, M. Nissov, A. N. Pilipetskii, and N. S. Bergano, "RZ-DPSK field trial over 13 100 km of installed non-slope-matched submarine fibers," J. Lighnv. Technol., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 95-103, Jan. 2005.