Pain Assessment Tools: Is the Content Appropriate for Use in Palliative Care?

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

Volumn 32, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 567-580

  Hølen, Jacob Chr ^a   Hjermstad, Marianne Jensen ^a   Loge, Jon Håvard ^a   Fayers, Peter M ^a   Caraceni, Augusto ^a   De Conno, Franco ^a   Forbes, Karen ^a   Fürst, Carl Johan ^a   Radbruch, Lukas ^a   Kaasa, Stein ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

Author keywords

cancer; clinical practice; Pain; pain measurement; palliative care; palliative medicine

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ADVANCED CANCER; ARTICLE; HUMAN; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; QUALITY OF LIFE; VALIDATION PROCESS;

HUMANS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PALLIATIVE CARE; PROGNOSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 33845344038     PISSN: 08853924     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.05.025     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Brescia F.J., Portenoy R.K., Ryan M., Krasnoff L., and Gray G. Pain, opioid use, and survival in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 10 1 (1992) 149-155
2. Perron V., and Schonwetter R.S. Assessment and management of pain in palliative care patients. Cancer Control 8 1 (2001) 15-24
3. Caraceni A., Brunelli C., Martini C., Zecca E., and De C.F. Cancer pain assessment in clinical trials. A review of the literature (1999-2002). J Pain Symptom Manage 29 5 (2005) 507-519
4. Cleeland C.S., Gonin R., Hatfield A.K., et al. Pain and its treatment in outpatients with metastatic cancer. N Engl J Med 330 9 (1994) 592-596
5. Meuser T., Pietruck C., Radbruch L., et al. Symptoms during cancer pain treatment following WHO guidelines: a longitudinal follow-up study of symptom prevalence, severity and etiology. Pain 93 3 (2001) 247-257
6. Patrick D.L., Ferketich S.L., Frame P.S., et al. National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference Statement: symptom management in cancer: pain, depression, and fatigue, July 15-17, 2002. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 32 (2004) 9-16
7. Von Roenn J.H., Cleeland C.S., Gonin R., Hatfield A.K., and Pandya K.J. Physician attitudes and practice in cancer pain management. A survey from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Ann Intern Med 119 2 (1993) 121-126
8. Caraceni A., Cherny N., Fainsinger R., et al. Pain measurement tools and methods in clinical research in palliative care: recommendations of an Expert Working Group of the European Association of Palliative Care. J Pain Symptom Manage 23 3 (2002) 239-255
9. Pain Research Group at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Brief Pain Inventory. http://www.cityofhope.org/prc/pdf/BPI%20Long%20Version.pdf Accessed April 2006
10. Cleeland C.S. Pain assessment in cancer. In: Osoba D. (Ed). Effect of cancer on quality of life (1991), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 293-305
11. Melzack R., and Katz J. The McGill Pain Questionnaire: appraisal and current status. In: Turk D.C., and Melzack R. (Eds). Handbook of pain assessment. 2nd ed. (2001), Guilford Press, London, UK 35-52
12. Jensen M.P. The validity and reliability of pain measures in adults with cancer. J Pain 4 1 (2003) 2-21
13. Noble B., Clark D., Meldrum M., et al. The measurement of pain, 1945-2000. J Pain Symptom Manage 29 1 (2005) 14-21
14. Lawlor P.G. Multidimensional assessment: pain and palliative care. In: Bruera E., and Portenoy R.K. (Eds). Cancer pain (2003), Cambridge University Press, New York, NY 67-88
15. Shannon M.M., Ryan M.A., D'Agostino N., and Brescia F.J. Assessment of pain in advanced cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 10 4 (1995) 274-278
16. Turk D.C., and Melzack R. The measurement of pain and the assessment of people experiencing pain. In: Turk D.C., and Melzack R. (Eds). Handbook of pain assessment. 2nd ed. (2001), Guilford Press, London, UK 3-11
17. Campbell W.I. Practical methods for pain intensity measurements. In: Breivik H., Campbell W.I., and Eccleston C. (Eds). Practical applications & procedures. 1st ed. (2003), Arnold, London, UK 15-26
18. Twycross R., Harcourt J., and Bergl S. A survey of pain in patients with advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 12 5 (1996) 273-282
19. Radbruch L., Sabatowski R., Loick G., et al. Cognitive impairment and its influence on pain and symptom assessment in a palliative care unit: development of a Minimal Documentation System. Palliat Med 14 4 (2000) 266-276
20. Klepstad P., Loge J.H., Borchgrevink P.C., et al. The Norwegian brief pain inventory questionnaire: translation and validation in cancer pain patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 24 5 (2002) 517-525
21. Doyle D., MacDonald N., and Hanks G.W.C. Oxford textbook of palliative medicine (1993), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
22. Fayers P.M., and Machin D. Quality of life: Assessment, analysis and interpretation (2000), John Wiley, Chichester, UK
23. Spilker B. Quality of life and pharmacoeconomics in clinical trials. 2nd ed. (1996), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA
24. Pain Research Group at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Brief Pain Inventory short form. http://www.cityofhope.org/prc/pdf/BPI%20Short%20Version.pdf Accessed May 2006
25. Wolfe F. Pain extent and diagnosis: development and validation of the regional pain scale in 12,799 patients with rheumatic disease. J Rheumatol 30 2 (2003) 369-378
26. Hartmaier S.L., Santanello N.C., Epstein R.S., and Silberstein S.D. Development of a brief 24-hour migraine-specific quality of life questionnaire. Headache 35 (1995) 320-329
27. Ruta D.A., Garratt A.M., Wardlaw D., and Russell I.T. Developing a valid and reliable measure of health outcome for patients with low back pain. Spine 19 (1994) 1887-1896
28. Stratford P.W., Binkley J.M., and Riddle D.L. Development and initial validation of the back pain functional scale. Spine 25 (2000) 2095-2102
29. Borg G. Borg's perceived exertion and pain scales (1998), Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL
30. Maunsell E., Allard P., Dorval M., and Labbe J. A brief pain diary for ambulatory patients with advanced cancer: acceptability and validity. Cancer 88 (2000) 2387-2397
31. BenDebba M., Heller J., Ducker T.B., and Eisinger J.M. Cervical spine outcomes questionnaire: its development and psychometric properties. Spine 27 (2002) 2116-2123
32. DeGood D.E., and Tait R.C. Assessment of pain beliefs and pain coping. In: Turk D.C., and Melzack R. (Eds). Handbook of pain assessment (2001), The Guilford Press, New York, NY 320-345
33. McGrath P.A., Seifert C.E., Speechley K.N., et al. A new analogue scale for assessing children's pain: an initial validation study. Pain 64 (1996) 435-443
34. Jensen M.P., Turner J.A., Romano J.M., and Strom S.E. The Chronic Pain Coping Inventory: development and preliminary validation. Pain 60 (1995) 203-216
35. Rosenstiel A.K., and Keefe F.J. The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. Pain 17 (1983) 33-44
36. Lawlis G.F., Cuencas R., Selby D., and McCoy C.E. The development of the Dallas Pain Questionnaire. An assessment of the impact of spinal pain on behavior. Spine 14 (1989) 511-516
37. Gracely R.H., and Kwilosz D.M. The Descriptor Differential Scale: applying psychophysical principles to clinical pain assessment. Pain 35 (1988) 279-288
38. Bieri D., Reeve R.A., Champion G.D., Addicoat L., and Ziegler J.B. The Faces Pain Scale for the self-assessment of the severity of pain experienced by children: development, initial validation, and preliminary investigation for ratio scale properties. Pain 41 (1990) 139-150
39. Von Korff M., Ormel J., Keefe F.J., and Dworkin S.F. Grading the severity of chronic pain. Pain 50 (1992) 133-149
40. Jacobson G.P., Ramadan N.M., Aggarwal S.K., and Newman C.W. The Henry Ford Hospital Headache Disability Inventory (HDI). Neurology 44 (1994) 837-842
41. McCaffery M., and Beebe A. Pain. Clinical manual for nursing practice (1989), CV Mosby Co., St. Louis, MO
42. Tamburini M., Selmi S., de Conno F., and Ventafridda V. Semantic descriptors of pain. Pain 29 (1987) 187-193
43. Bennett M. The LANSS Pain Scale: the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs. Pain 92 (2001) 147-157
44. Manniche C., Asmussen K., Lauritsen B., et al. Low Back Pain Rating scale: validation of a tool for assessment of low back pain. Pain 57 (1994) 317-326
45. Melzack R. The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain 1 (1975) 277-299
46. Melzack R. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Pain 30 (1987) 191-197
47. Fishman B., Pasternak S., Wallenstein S.L., et al. The Memorial Pain Assessment Card. A valid instrument for the evaluation of cancer pain. Cancer 60 (1987) 1151-1158
48. Stewart W.F., Lipton R.B., Kolodner K.B., et al. Validity of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score in comparison to a diary-based measure in a population sample of migraine sufferers. Pain 88 (2000) 41-52
49. Rucker K.S., Metzler H.M., and Kregel J. Standardization of chronic pain assessment: a multiperspective approach. Clin J Pain 12 (1996) 94-110
50. Wheeler A.H., Goolkasian P., Baird A.C., and Darden B.V. Development of the Neck Pain and Disability Scale. Item analysis, face, and criterion-related validity. Spine 24 (1999) 1290-1294
51. Galer B.S., and Jensen M.P. Development and preliminary validation of a pain measure specific to neuropathic pain: the Neuropathic Pain Scale. Neurology 48 (1997) 332-338
52. Turk D.C., and Melzack R. Handbook of pain assessment (2001), Guilford Press, London, UK
53. Roland M., and Fairbank J. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Spine 25 (2000) 3115-3124
54. Fairbank J.C., Couper J., Davies J.B., and O'Brien J.P. The Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. Physiotherapy 66 (1980) 271-273
55. Edwards L.C., Pearce S.A., Turner-Stokes L., and Jones A. The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire: an investigation of beliefs in the causes and consequences of pain. Pain 51 (1992) 267-272
56. Williams D.A., and Thorn B.E. An empirical assessment of pain beliefs. Pain 36 (1989) 351-358
57. Sullivan M.J.L., Bishop S.R., and Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess 7 (1995) 524-532
58. Tait R.C., Pollard C.A., Margolis R.B., Duckro P.N., and Krause S.J. The Pain Disability Index: psychometric and validity data. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 68 (1987) 438-441
59. Riley J.F., Ahern D.K., and Follick M.J. Chronic pain and functional impairment: assessing beliefs about their relationship. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 69 (1988) 579-582
60. Kerns R.D., Rosenberg R., Jamison R.N., Caudill M.A., and Haythornthwaite J. Readiness to adopt a self-management approach to chronic pain: the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ). Pain 72 (1997) 227-234
61. Kopec J.A., Esdaile J.M., Abrahamowicz M., et al. The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale: conceptualization and development. J Clin Epidemiol 49 (1996) 151-161
62. Roland M., and Morris R. A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain. Spine 8 (1983) 141-144
63. Jensen M.P., Karoly P., and Huger R. The development and preliminary validation of an instrument to assess patients' attitudes toward pain. J Psychosom Res 31 (1987) 393-400
64. Daut R.L., Cleeland C.S., and Flanery R.C. Development of the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire to assess pain in cancer and other diseases. Pain 17 (1983) 197-210
65. Brown G.K., and Nicassio P.M. Development of a questionnaire for the assessment of active and passive coping strategies in chronic pain patients. Pain 31 (1987) 53-64
66. Kerns R.D., Turk D.C., and Rudy T.E. The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Pain 23 (1985) 345-356
67. Mason V.L., Skevington S.M., and Osborn M. Development of a pain and discomfort module for use with the WHOQOL-100. Qual Life Res 13 (2004) 1139-1152
68. Meenan R.F., Gertman P.M., and Mason J.H. Measuring health status in arthritis. The arthritis impact measurement scales. Arthritis Rheum 23 (1980) 146-152
69. Hawthorne G., Richardson J., and Osborne R. The Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) instrument: a psychometric measure of health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res 8 (1999) 209-224
70. Stanton A.L., Krishnan L., and Collins C.A. Form or function? Part 1. Subjective cosmetic and functional correlates of quality of life in women treated with breast-conserving surgical procedures and radiotherapy. Cancer 91 (2001) 2273-2281
71. Hadjistavropoulos H.D., Asmundson G.J., and Norton G.R. Validation of the coping with health, injuries, and problems scale in a chronic pain sample. Clin J Pain 15 (1999) 41-49
72. Nelson E.C., Wasson J.H., Johnson D.J., and Hays R.D. Dartmouth COOP Functional Assessment Charts: brief measures for clinical practice. In: Spilker B. (Ed). Quality of life and pharmacoeconomics in clinical trials (1996), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA 161-168
73. Kaasa T., and Wessel J. The Edmonton Functional Assessment Tool: further development and validation for use in palliative care. J Palliat Care 17 (2001) 5-11
74. Bruera E., Kuehn N., Miller M.J., Selmser P., and Macmillan K. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS): a simple method for the assessment of palliative care patients. J Palliat Care 7 (1991) 6-9
75. Aaronson N.K., Ahmedzai S., Bergman B., et al. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst 85 (1993) 365-376
76. Bjordal K., Ahlner-Elmqvist M., Tollesson E., et al. Development of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaire module to be used in quality of life assessments in head and neck cancer patients. EORTC Quality of Life Study Group. Acta Oncol 33 (1994) 879-885
77. Rabin R., and de Charro F. EQ-5D: a measure of health status from the EuroQol Group. Ann Med 33 (2001) 337-343
78. Wei J.T., Dunn R.L., Litwin M.S., Sandler H.M., and Sanda M.G. Development and validation of the expanded prostate cancer index composite (EPIC) for comprehensive assessment of health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer. Urology 56 (2000) 899-905
79. Cella D.F., Tulsky D.S., Gray G., et al. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale: development and validation of the general measure. J Clin Oncol 11 (1993) 570-579
80. Schipper H., Clinch J., McMurray A., and Levitt M. Measuring the quality of life of cancer patients: the Functional Living Index-Cancer: development and validation. J Clin Oncol 2 (1984) 472-483
81. Burckhardt C.S., Clark S.R., and Bennett R.M. The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire: development and validation. J Rheumatol 18 (1991) 728-733
82. Terrell J.E., Nanavati K.A., Esclamado R.M., et al. Head and neck cancer-specific quality of life: instrument validation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 123 (1997) 1125-1132
83. Fries J.F., Spitz P., Kraines R.G., and Holman H.R. Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 23 (1980) 137-145
84. Cleary P.D., Morrissey G., and Oster G. Health-related quality of life in patients with advanced prostate cancer: a multinational perspective. Qual Life Res 4 (1995) 207-220
85. Feeny D.H., Torrance G.W., and Furlong W.J. Health Utilities Index. In: Spilker B. (Ed). Quality of life and pharmacoeconomics in clinical trials (1996), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA 239-252
86. McMillan S.C., and Mahon M. Measuring quality of life in hospice patients using a newly developed Hospice Quality of Life Index. Qual Life Res 3 (1994) 437-447
87. Pilowsky I., Spence N., Cobb J., and Katsikitis M. The Illness Behavior Questionnaire as an aid to clinical assessment. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 6 (1984) 123-130
88. Cleeland C.S., Mendoza T.R., Wang X.S., et al. Assessing symptom distress in cancer patients: the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory. Cancer 89 (2000) 1634-1646
89. RAND. Available from (2003). http://www.rand.org/health/surveys/core/ Accessed April 2006
90. Hunt S.M., McEwen J., and McKenna S.P. Measuring health status: a new tool for clinicians and epidemiologists. J R Coll Gen Pract 35 (1985) 185-188
91. Zung W.W. A self-rating pain and distress scale. Psychosomatics 24 (1983) 887-890
92. Hearn J., and Higginson I.J. Development and validation of a core outcome measure for palliative care: the palliative care outcome scale. Palliative Care Core Audit Project Advisory Group. Qual Health Care 8 (1999) 219-227
93. Padilla G.V., Presant C., Grant M.M., et al. Quality of life index for patients with cancer. Res Nurs Health 6 (1983) 117-126
94. de Haes J.C., van Knippenberg F.C., and Neijt J.P. Measuring psychological and physical distress in cancer patients: structure and application of the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist. Br J Cancer 62 (1990) 1034-1038
95. Ware Jr. J.E., and Sherbourne C.D. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 30 (1992) 473-483
96. McHorney C.A., Ware Jr. J.E., and Raczek A.E. The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care 31 (1993) 247-263
97. Swiontkowski M.F., Engelberg R., Martin D.P., and Agel J. Short musculoskeletal function assessment questionnaire: validity, reliability, and responsiveness. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81 (1999) 1245-1260
98. Tamburini M., Rosso S., Gamba A., et al. A therapy impact questionnaire for quality-of-life assessment in advanced cancer research. Ann Oncol 3 (1992) 565-570
99. Consky E.S., and Lang A.E. Clinical assessment of patients with cervical dystonia. In: Jankovic J., and Hallet M. (Eds). Therapy with botulinum toxin (1994), Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, NY 211-237
100. Bellamy N., Buchanan W.W., Goldsmith C.H., Campbell J., and Stitt L.W. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol 15 (1988) 1833-1840
101. Nicholson A.B. Methadone for cancer pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 (2004) CD003971
102. Quigley C. Hydromorphone for acute and chronic pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1 (2002) CD003447
103. Svendsen K.B., Andersen S., Arnason S., et al. Breakthrough pain in malignant and non-malignant diseases: a review of prevalence, characteristics and mechanisms. Eur J Pain 9 2 (2005) 195-206
104. Bjorner J.B., Kosinski M., and Ware Jr. J.E. Computerized adaptive testing and item banking. In: Fayers P.M., and Hays R.D. (Eds). Assessing quality of life in clinical trials: Methods and practice. 2nd ed. (2005), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 95-112
105. Cella D., Lai J.-S., Davis K., et al. Developing a questionnaire using item response theory: a case study of fatigue. In: Fayers P.M., and Hays R.D. (Eds). Assessing quality of life in clinical trials: Methods and practice. 2nd ed. (2005), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 113-130