Review of rate constants for thiosulphate leaching of gold from ores, concentrates and flat surfaces: Effect of host minerals and pH

Minerals Engineering

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 1-15

  Senanayake, Gamini ^a  

^a MURDOCH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Gold ores; Hydrometallurgy; Leaching; Reaction kinetics; Redox reactions; Thiosulphate

Indexed keywords

HYDROMETALLURGY; LEACHING; ORES; PH EFFECTS; RATE CONSTANTS; REACTION KINETICS; REDOX REACTIONS;

GOLD LEACHING; GOLD ORES; THIOSULPHATE;

GOLD;

EID: 33751431863     PISSN: 08926875     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2006.04.011     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Abbruzzesse C., Fornari P., Massidda R., Veglio F., and Ubaldini S. Thiosulphate leaching for gold hydrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy 39 (1995) 265-276
2. Aylmore M.G., and Muir D.M. Thiosulfate leaching of gold - a review. Miner. Eng. 14 (2001) 135-174
3. Berezowsky, R.M.G.S., Sefton, V.B., 1979. Recovery of gold and silver from oxidation leach residues by ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching. Paper Presented at AIME Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, pp. 102-105.
4. Byerley J.J., Fauda S.A., and Rempel G.L. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of thiosulphate ions by copper(II) ions in aqueous ammonia solutions. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Transact. (1973) 889-893
5. Byerley J.J., Fauda S.A., and Rempel G.L. Activation of copper(II) ammine complexes by molecular oxygen for the oxidation of thiosulfate ions. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Transact. (1975) 1329-1338
6. Chandra I., and Jeffrey M.I. A fundamental study of ferric oxalate for dissolving gold in thiosulfate solutions. Hydrometallurgy 77 (2005) 191-201
7. Chen J., Deng T., Zhu G., and Zhao J. Leaching and recovery of gold in thiosulfate based system - a research summary at ICM. Trans. Indian. Inst. Met. 49 (1996) 841-849
8. Feng D., and Van Deventer J.S.J. Leaching behaviour of sulphides in ammoniacal thiosulphate systems. Hydrometallurgy 63 (2002) 189-200
9. Feng D., and Van Deventer J.S.J. The role of heavy metal ions in gold dissolution in the ammoniacal thiosulphate system. Hydrometallurgy 64 (2002) 231-246
10. Feng D., and Van Deventer J.S.J. Thiosulfate decomposition in the presence of sulfides. Treatment of Gold Ores (2005), Met. Soc., CIM, Alberta pp. 129-143
11. Ficeriova J., Balaz P., Boldizarova E., and Jelen S. Thiosulfate leaching of gold from a mechanically activated CuPbZn concentrate. Hydrometallurgy 67 (2002) 37-43
12. Ficeriova J., Balaz P., and Villachica C.L. Thiosulfate leaching of silver, gold and bismuth from complex sulfide concentrates. Hydrometallurgy 77 (2005) 35-39
13. Hogfeldt, E., 1982. Stability constants of metal-ion complexes, 2nd supplement, IUPAC Chemical data series no. 2, part A, Inorganic ligands, Oxford, Pergamon.
14. Holmes P.R., and Crundwell F.K. Kinetic aspects of galvanic interactions between minerals during dissolution. Hydrometallurgy 39 (1995) 353-375
15. Jeffrey M.I. Kinetic aspects of gold and silver leaching in ammonia-thiosulfate solutions. Hydrometallurgy 60 (2001) 7-16
16. Jeffrey M.I., Breuer P.L., and Chu C.K. The importance of controlling oxygen addition during the thiosulfate leaching of gold from ores. Int. J. Miner. Process. 72 (2003) 323-330
17. Jiang T., Chen J., and Xu S. A kinetic study of gold leaching with thiosulfate. In: Hiskey J.B., and Warren G.W. (Eds). Hydrometallurgy Fundamentals. Technology and Innovations (1993), AIME 119-126 Chapter 7
18. Ji J., Fleming C., West-Sells P.G., and Hackl R.P. A novel thiosulfate system for leaching gold without the use of copper and ammonia. Hydrometallurgy 2003, Leaching and Solution Purification vol. 1 (2003), TMS, Warrendale 227-244
19. Levenspiel O. Chemical Reactions Engineering (1972), Wiley, New York
20. Lorenzen L., and Van Deventer J.S.J. Electrochemical interactions between gold and its associated minerals during cyanidation. Hydrometallurgy 30 (1992) 177-194
21. 2 by sulfur dioxide. Hydrometallurgy 10 (1983) 219-242
22. Molleman E., and Dreisinger D. The treatment of copper-gold ores by ammonium thiosulfate leaching. Hydrometallurgy 66 (2002) 1-21
23. Muir D.M., and Aylmore M.G. Thiosulfate as an alternative to cyanide for gold processing - Issues and impediments. Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. (Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., C) 113 (2004) C2-C12
24. Muir D.M., and Aylmore M.G. Thiosulfate as an alternative lixiviant to cyanide for gold ores. In: Adams M. (Ed). Development in Mineral Processing vol. 15 (2005), Elsevier, Sydney
25. Navarro P., Vargas C., Villarroel A., and Alguacil F.J. On the use of ammoniacal/ammonium thiosulphate for gold extraction from a concentrate. Hydrometallurgy 65 (2002) 37-42
26. Ritchie I.M., Nicol M.J., and Staunton W.P. Are there realistic alternatives to cyanide as a lixiviant for gold at the present time?. Cyanide: Social, Industrial and Economic Aspects (2001), TMS, Warrendale pp. 427-440
27. Senanayake G., Perera W.N., and Nicol M.J. Thermodynamic studies of the gold(III)/(I)/(0) redox system in ammonia-thiosulphate solutions at 25 °C. Hydrometallurgy 2003, Leaching and Solution Purification vol.1 (2003), TMS, Warrendale pp. 155-168
28. Senanayake G. A surface reaction kinetic model to compare the reductive leaching of iron from goethite, magnetite, and limonitic nickel laterite ores by acidic sulfur dioxide. Metall. Mat. Trans. B 34 (2003) 735-738
29. Senanayake G. Analysis of reaction kinetics, speciation and mechanism of gold leaching and thiosulfate oxidation by ammoniacal copper(II) solutions. Hydrometallurgy 75 (2004) 55-75
30. Senanayake G. Gold leaching in non-cyanide lixiviant systems: critical issues on fundamentals and applications. Mine. Eng. 17 (2004) 785-801 and references therein
31. Senanayake G. A Mixed surface reaction kinetic model for the reductive leaching of manganese dioxide with acidic sulfur dioxide. Hydrometallurgy 73 (2004) 215-224
32. Senanayake G. Catalytic role of ammonia in the anodic oxidation of gold in copper-free thiosulfate solutions. Hydrometallurgy 77 (2005) 287-293
33. - ion-pair. Hydrometallurgy 76 (2005) 233-238
34. Senanayake G. Gold leaching by thiosulphate solutions: a critical review on copper(II)-thiosulphate-oxygen interactions. Miner. Eng. 18 (2005) 995-1009
35. Senanayake G. Surface adsorption-reaction mechanism for gold oxidation by copper(II) in ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions. Coll. Interf. Sci. 286 (2005) 253-257
36. Senanayake G. The role of ligands and oxidants in thiosulfate leaching of gold. Gold Bullet. 38 (2005) 170-179
37. Sillen, L.G., Martell, A.E., 1964. Stability constants of metal ion complexes. special publication no. 17 and 26, Chemical Society, London.
38. Wan R.-Y., and LeVier K.M. Solution chemistry for gold thiosulfate heap leaching. Int. J. Miner. Process. 72 (2003) 311-332
39. Xia C., and Yen W.T. Iron sulfide minerals in thiosulfate-gold leaching: some problems and solutions. Treatment of Gold Ores (2005), Met.Soc., CIM, Alberta pp. 259-278
40. West-Sells P.G., and Hackl R.P. A novel thiosulfate leach process for the treatment of carbonaceous gold ores. Treatment of Gold Ores (2005), Met.Soc., CIM, Alberta pp. 209-223
41. Zipperean D., Raghavan S., and Wilson J.P. Gold and silver extraction by ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching from a rhyolite ore. Hydrometallurgy 19 (1988) 361-375
42. Zhang H., Nicol M.J., and Staunton W.P. An electrochemical study of an alternative process for the leaching of gold in thiosulfate solutions. Treatment of Gold Ores (2005), Met.Soc., CIM, Alberta pp. 243-257
43. Zhang Z., and Nicol M.J. An electrochemical study of the dissolution of gold in thiosulfate solutions Part I: Alkaline solutions. J. Appl. Electrochem. 33 (2003) 767-775
44. Zhang Z., and Nicol M.J. An electrochemical study of the dissolution of gold in thiosulfate solutions Part II: Alkaline solutions. J. Appl. Electrochem. 33 (2005) 767-775
45. Zhang X.M., Senanayake G., and Nicol M.J. Kinetics of the dissolution of gold colloid in oxygenated ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions. Hydrometallurgy 74 (2004) 243-257
46. Zhu G., Fang Z., and Chen J. Electrochemical studies on the mechanism of gold dissolution in thiosulfate solutions. Trans. N.F. Soc. 4 (1994) 50-53