Iron speciation and dynamics during SERIES, a mesoscale iron enrichment experiment in the NE Pacific

Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Volumn 53, Issue 20-22, 2006, Pages 2075-2094

  Wong, C S ^a   Johnson, W K ^a   Sutherland, N ^a   Nishioka, J ^b   Timothy, D A ^c   Robert, M ^a   Takeda, S ^d  

^a INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES   (Canada)

^b CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY   (Japan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

Colloidal iron; Iron budget; Iron fertilization; Iron phases; Sub arctic gyre

Indexed keywords

AGGLOMERATION; ALGAE; CARBON DIOXIDE; DISSOLUTION; ECOSYSTEMS;

COLLOIDAL IRON; IRON ENRICHMENT; IRON FERTILIZATION; IRON PHASES; OXYHYDROXIDES;

IRON;

CHLOROPHYLL A; IRON; NITRATE; NUTRIENT BUDGET; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; PHYTOPLANKTON;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (NORTHEAST); PACIFIC OCEAN (SUBARCTIC);

ALGAE;

EID: 33751259079     PISSN: 09670645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.05.037     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Bishop K.B., Davis R.E., and Sherman J.T. Robotic observations of dust storm enhancement of carbon biomass in the North Pacific. Science 298 (2002) 817-821
2. Bowie A.R., Maldonado M.T., Frew R.D., Croot P.L., Achterberg E.P., Mantoura R.F.C., Worsfold P.J., Law C.S., and Boyd P.W. The fate of added iron during a mesoscale fertilisation experiment in the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II 48 (2001) 2703-2743
3. Boyd P.W., and Law C.S. The Southern Ocean iron release experiment (SOIREE)-introduction and summary. Deep-Sea Research II 48 (2001) 2425
4. Boyd P.W., Law C.S., Wong C.S., Merill J., Whitney F., Snow J., Harrison P.J., and Gower J. Atmospheric iron supply and enhanced vertical carbon flux in the NE subarctic Pacific: is there a connection?. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12 (1998) 429-441
5. Boyd P.W., Law C.S., Wong C.S., Nojiri Y., Tsuda A., Levasseur M., Takeda S., Rivkin R., Harrison P.J., Strzepek R., Gower J., McKay R.M., Abraham E., Arychuk M., Barwell-Clarke J., Crawford W., Crawford D., Hale M., Harada K., Johnson K., Kiyosawa H., Kudo I., Marchetti A., Miller W., Needoba J., Nishioka J., Ogawa H., Page J., Robert M., Saito H., Sastri A., Sherry N., Soutar T., Sutherland N., Taira Y., Whitney F., Wong S.K.E., and Yoshimura T. The decline and fate of an iron-induced subarctic phytoplankton bloom. Nature 428 (2004) 549-553
6. Brand L.E., Sunda W.G., and Guillard R.R.L. Limitation of marine phytoplankton reproductive rates by zinc, manganese, and iron. Limnology and Oceanography 28 (1983) 1182-1198
7. Bruland K.W., and Rue E.L. Analytical methods for the determinations of concentrations and speciations of iron. In: Turner D.R., and Hunter K.A. (Eds). The Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater (2001), Wiley, New York 255-289
8. Byrne R.H., and Kester D.R. Solubility of hydrous ferric oxide and iron speciation in seawater. Marine Chemistry 4 (1976) 255-274
9. Chen M., Deia R.C.H., Wang W.-X., and Guo L. Marine diatom uptake of iron bound with natural colloids of different origins. Marine Chemistry 81 (2003) 177-189
10. Coale K.H., Johnson K.S., Fitzwater S.E., Gordon R.M., Tanner S., Chavez F.P., Ferioli L., Sakamoto C., Rogers P., Millero F., Steinberg P., Nightingale P., Cooper D., Cochlan W.P., Landry M.R., Constantinou J., Rollwagen G., Trasvina A., and Kudela R. A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383 (1996) 495-501
11. Coale K.H., Johnson K.S., Fitzwater S.E., Blain S., Stanton T.P., and Coley T.L. IronEx-I, an in situ iron-enrichment experiment: experimental design, implementation and results. Deep-Sea Research II 45 (1998) 919-945
12. Coale K.H., Johnson K.S., Chavez F.P., Buesseler K.O., Barber R.T., Brzezinski M.A., Cochlan W.P., Millero F.J., Falkowski P.G., Bauer J.E., Wanninkhof R.H., Kudela R.M., Altabet M.A., Hales B.E., Takahashi T., Landry M.R., Bidigare R.R., Wang X., Chase Z., Strutton P.G., Friederich G.E., Gorbunov M.Y., Lance V.P., Hilting A.K., Hiscock M.R., Demarest M., Hiscock W.T., Sullivan K.F., Tanner S.J., Gordon R.M., Hunter C.N., Elrod V.A., Fitzwater S.E., Jones J.L., Tozzi S., Koblizek M., Roberts A.E., Herndon J., Brewster J., Ladizinsky N., Smith G., Cooper D., Timothy D., Brown S.L., Selph K.E., Sheridan C.C., Twining B.S., and Johnson Z.I. Southern Ocean iron enrichment experiment: carbon cycling in high- and low-Si waters. Science 304 (2004) 408-414
13. Croot P.L., Bowie A.R., Frew R.D., Maldonado M.T., Hall J.A., Safi K.A., LaRoche J., McKay R.M.L., and Boyd P.W. Retention of dissolved iron and Fe (II) in an iron induced Southern Ocean plankton bloom. Geophysical Research Letters 28 (2001) 3425-3428
14. 2 World, in press.
15. Gervais F., Riebesell U., and Gorbunov M.Y. Changes in the size-fractionated primary productivity and chlorophyll a in response to iron fertilization in the southern Polar Frontal Zone. Limnology and Oceanography 47 (2002) 1324-1335
16. Gordon R.M., Johnson K.S., and Coale K.H. The behaviour of iron and other trace elements during the IronEx-I and PlumEx experiments in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 45 (1998) 995-1041
17. Husar R.B., Tratt D.M., Schichtel B.A., Falke S.R., Li F., Jaffe D., Gasso S., Gill T., Laulainen N.S., Lu F., Reheis M.C., Chun Y., Westphal D., Holben B.N., Gueymard C., McKendry I., Kuring N., Feldman G.C., McClain C., Frouin R.J., Merrill J., DuBois D., Vignola F., Murayama T., Nickovic S., Wilson W.E., Sassen K., Sugimoto N., and Malm W.C. The Asian dust events of April 1998. Journal of Geophysical Research 106 D16 (2001) 18371-18380
18. Johnson W.K., Miller L.A., Sutherland N.E., and Wong C.S. Iron transport by mesoscale Haida eddies in the Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Research II 52 (2005) 933-953
19. Kuma K., and Matsunaga K. Availability of colloidal ferric oxides to coastal marine phytoplankton. Marine Biology 122 (1995) 1-11
20. Kuma K., Nakabayashi S., Suzuki Y., and Matsunaga K. Dissolution rate and solubility of colloidal hydrous ferric oxide in seawater. Marine Chemistry 38 (1992) 133-143
21. Kuma K., Nishioka J., and Matsunaga K. Controls on iron (III) hydroxide solubility in seawater: the influence of pH and natural organic chelators. Limnology and Oceanography 41 (1996) 396-407
22. Kuma K., Katsumoto A., Shiga N., Sawabe T., and Matsunaga K. Variation of size-fractionated Fe concentrations and Fe (III) hydroxide solubilities during a spring phytoplankton bloom in Funka Bay (Japan). Marine Chemistry 71 (2000) 111-123
23. Law, C.S., Crawford, W., Smith, M., Boyd, P.W., Wong, C.S., Nojiri, Y., Robert, M., Abraham, E.R., Johnson, W.K., Arychuk, M., 2006. Patch evolution and the biogeochemical impact of entrainment during an iron fertilization experiment in the Sub-Arctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II, this issue [doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.05.028].
24. Liu X., and Millero F.J. The solubility of iron in seawater. Marine Chemistry 77 (2002) 43-54
25. Maldonado M.T., and Price N.M. Utilization of iron bound to strong organic ligands by plankton communities in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II 46 (1999) 2447-2473
26. Maranger R., Bird D.F., and Price N.M. Iron acquisition by photosynthetic marine phytoplankton from ingested bacteria. Nature 396 (1998) 248-251
27. Marchetti, A., Sherry, N.D., Juneau, P., Strzepek, R.F., Harrison, P.J., 2006. Phytoplankton processjes during a mesoscale Fe enrichment in the NE Subarctic Pacific. Part III-primary productivity. Deep-Sea Research II, this issue [doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.05.032].
28. 2 change: the iron hypothesis. Paleoceanography 5 (1990) 1-13
29. Martin J.H., and Fitzwater S.E. Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton in the northeast Pacific subarctic. Nature 331 (1988) 341-343
30. Martin J.H., Gordon R.M., Fitzwater S., and Broenkow W.W. VERTEX: phytoplankton/iron studies in the Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Research 36 (1989) 649-680
31. Martin J.H., Coale K.H., Johnson K.S., Fitzwater S.E., Gordon R.M., Tanner S.J., Hunter C.N., Elrod V.A., Nowicki J.L., Coley T.L., Barber R.T., Lindley S., Watson A.J., Van Scoy K., Law C.S., Liddicoat M.I., Ling R., Stanton T., Stockel J., Collins C., Anderson A., Bidigare R., Ondrusek M., Latasa M., Millero F.J., Lee J., Yao W., Zhang J.Z., Friederich G., Sakamoto C., Chavez F., Buck K., Kolber Z., Greene R., Falkowski P., Chisholm S.W., Hoge F., Swift R., Yungel J., Turner S., Nightingale P., Hatton A., Liss P., and Tindale N.W. Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 371 (1994) 123-129
32. Millero F.J., Sotolongo S., and Izaguirre M. The oxidation of Fe (II) in seawater. Geochim et Cosmochim Acta 51 (1987) 793-801
33. Nishioka J., and Takeda S. Change in the concentrations of iron in different size fractions during growth of the oceanic diatom Chaetoceros sp.: importance of small colloidal iron. Marine Biology 137 (2000) 231-238
34. Nishioka J., Takeda S., Wong C.S., and Johnson W.K. Size-fractionated iron concentrations in the northeast Pacific Ocean: distribution of soluble and small colloidal iron. Marine Chemistry 74 (2001) 157-179
35. Nishioka J., Takeda S., Kudo I., Tsumune D., Yoshimura T., Kuma K., and Tsuda A. Size-fractionated iron distributions and iron-limitation processes in the subarctic NW Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters 30 14 (2003) 1730 10.1029/2002GL016853
36. Nishioka, J., Takeda, S., de Baar, H.J.W., Laan, P., Croot, P.L., Boye, M., Timmermans, K.R., 2005. Change in the concentrations of iron in different size fractions during an iron fertilization experiment in the Southern Ocean, EisenEx. Marine Chemistry, in press.
37. Nodwell L.M., and Price N.M. Direct use of inorganic colloidal iron by marine mixotrophic phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 46 4 (2001) 765-777
38. Obata H., Karatani H., and Nakayama E. Automated determination of iron in seawater by chelating resin concentration and chemiluminescence detection. Analytical Chemistry 65 (1993) 1524-1528
39. Obata H., Karatani H., Matsui M., and Nakayama E. Fundamental studies for chemical speciation of iron in seawater with an improved analytical method. Marine Chemistry 56 (1997) 97-106
40. Peterson T.D., Whitney F.A., and Harrison P.J. Macronutrient dynamics in an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy in the Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Research II 52 (2005) 909-932
41. Rich H.W., and Morel F.M.M. Availability of well-defined iron colloids to the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Limnology and Oceanography 35 (1990) 652-662
42. Subba Rao D.V., and Yeats P.A. Effect of iron on phytoplankton production in the Sargasso Sea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biological Ecology 81 (1984) 281-289
43. Takeda S. Influence of iron availability on nutrient consumption ratio of diatoms in oceanic waters. Nature 393 (1998) 774-777
44. Timothy, D.T., Wong, C.S., Nojiri, Y., Ianson, D., Whitney, F.A., 2006. The effects of patch expansion on budgets of C, N, and Si for the subarctic ecosystem response to iron enrichment study (SERIES). Deep-Sea Research II, in this issue [doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.05.042].
45. Tsuda A., Takeda S., Saito E.L., Nishioka J., Nojiri Y., Kudo I., Kiyosawa H., Shiomoto A., Imai K., Ono T., Shimamoto A., Tsumune D., Yoshimura T., Aono T., Hinuma A., Kinugasa M., Suzuki K., Sohrin Y., Noiri Y., Tani H., Deguchi Y., Tsurushima N., Ogawa H., Fukami K., Kuma K., and Saino T. A mesoscale iron enrichment in the western subarctic pacific induces a large centric diatom bloom. Science 300 (2003) 958-961
46. Tsumune D., Nishioka J., Shimamoto A., Takeda S., and Tsuda A. Physical behaviour of the SEEDS iron-fertilized patch by sulphur hexafluoride tracer release. Progress in Oceanography 64 (2005) 111-128
47. Whitney F., and Robert M. Structure of Haida Eddies and their transport of nutrients from coastal margins into the NE Pacific Ocean. Journal of Oceanography 58 (2002) 715-723
48. Whitney F.A., Crawford W.R., and Harrison P.J. Physical processes that enhance nutrient transport and primary productivity in the coastal and open ocean of the subarctic NE Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 52 (2005) 681-706
49. Wells M.L. The level of iron enrichment required to initiate diatom blooms in HNLC waters. Marine Chemistry 82 (2003) 101-114
50. Wells M.L., Zorkin N.G., and Lewis A.G. The role of colloid chemistry in providing a source of iron to phytoplankton. Journal of Marine Research 41 (1983) 731-746
51. Wells M.L., Mayer L.M., and Guillard R.R.L. A chemical method for estimating the availability of iron to phytoplankton in seawater. Marine Chemistry 33 (1991) 23-40
52. 2). Deep-Sea Research II, this issue [doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.05.032].