The effects of chewing versus caffeine on alertness, cognitive performance and cardiac autonomic activity during sleep deprivation

Journal of Sleep Research

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 358-368

  Kohler, Mark ^a   Pavy, Alan ^a   Van Den Heuvel, Cameron ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Caffeine; Chewing; Cognition; Heart rate variability; Sleepiness

Indexed keywords

CAFFEINE; PLACEBO;

ADULT; ALERTNESS; ARTICLE; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; FEMALE; GRAMMAR; HEART FUNCTION; HEART PREEJECTION PERIOD; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MASTICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY; RR INTERVAL; SLEEP DEPRIVATION; SOMNOLENCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AROUSAL; ATTENTION; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; CAFFEINE; CHEWING GUM; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; MALE; MASTICATION; MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; SLEEP DEPRIVATION;

EID: 33751176220     PISSN: 09621105     EISSN: 13652869     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00547.x     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Babkoff, H., Caspy, T. and Mikulincer, M. Subjective sleepiness ratings: the effects of sleep deprivation, circadian rhythmicity and cognitive performance. Sleep, 1991, 14: 534-539.
2. Baddeley, A. A 3 min reasoning test based on grammatical transformation. Psychon. Sci., 1968, 10: 341-342.
3. Baker, J., Bezance, J., Zellaby, E. and Aggleton, J. Chewing gum can produce context-dependent effects upon memory. Appetite, 2004, 43: 207-210.
4. Baron, R. and Kalsher, M. Effects of a pleasant ambient fragrance on simulated driving performance: the sweet smell of ...safety? Environ. Behav., 1998, 30: 535-552.
5. Barry, R., Rushby, J., Wallace, M., Clarke, A., Johnstone, S. and Zlojutro, I. Caffeine effects on resting-state arousal. Clin. Neurophysiol., 2005, 116: 2693-2700.
6. Berntson, G. G., Cacioppo, J. T. and Quigley, K. S. Autonomic cardiac control. I. Estimation and validation from pharmacological blockades. Psychophysiology, 1994, 31: 572-585.
7. Bigger, J. T. Jr, Fleiss, J. L., Steinman, R. C., Rolnitzky, L. M., Kleiger, R. E. and Rottman, J. N. Correlations among time and frequency domain measures of heart period variability two weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiol., 1992, 69: 891-898.
8. Bond, A. and Lader, M. The use of the analogue scales in rating subjective feelings. Br. J. Med. Psychol., 1974, 4: 211-218.
9. Borbély, A. Secrets of Sleep. (D. Schneider, Trans.). Basic Books, New York, 1986.
10. Boutrel, B. and Koob, G. What keeps us awake: the neuropharmacology of stimulants and wakefulness-promoting medications. Sleep, 2004, 27: 1181-1194.
11. Burgess, H., Trinder, J., Kim, Y. and Luke, D. Sleep and the circadian influences on cardiac autonomic nervous system activity. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 1997, 273: H1761-H1768.
12. Cacioppo, J. T., Berntson, G. G., Binkley, P. F., Quigley, K. S., Uchino, B. N. and Fieldstone, A. Autonomic cardiac control. II. Noninvasive indices and basal response as revealed by autonomic blockades. Psychophysiology, 1994, 31: 586-598.
13. Curcio, G., Casagrande, M. and Bertini, M. Sleepiness: evaluating and quantifying methods. Int. J. Psychophysiol., 2001, 41: 251-263.
14. Dinges, D. and Kribbs, N. Performing while sleepy: effects of experimentally induced sleepiness. In: T. H. Monk (Ed.) Sleep, Sleepiness, and Performance. Wiley, New York, 1991: 97-128.
15. Dinges, D. and Powell, J. Microcomputer analyses of performance on a portable, simple visual RT task during sustained operations. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput., 1985, 17: 652-655.
16. Dinges, D., Pack, F., Williams, K., Gillen, K., Powell, J., Ott, G., Aptowicz, C. and Pack, A. Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4-5 h per night. Sleep, 1997, 20: 267-277.
17. Dorrian, J., Lamond, N. and Dawson, D. The ability to self-monitor performance when fatigued. J. Sleep Res., 2000, 9: 137-144.
18. Farella, M., Bakke, M., Michelotti, A., Marotta, G. and Martina, R. Cardiovascular responses in humans to experimental chewing of gums of different consistencies. Arch. Oral. Biol., 1999, 44: 835-842.
19. Folstein, M. and Luria, R. Reliability, validity, and clinical application of the visual analogue mood scale. Psychol. Med., 1973, 3: 479-486.
20. Furlan, R., Guzzetti, S., Crivellaro, W., Dassi, S., Tinelli, M., Baselli, G., Cerutti, S., Lombardi, F., Pagani, M. and Malliani, A. Continuous 24-h assessment of the neural regulation of systemic arterial pressure and RR variabilities in ambulant subjects. Circulation, 1990, 81: 537-547.
21. Harrison, Y. and Horne, J. Sleep loss and temporal memory. Q. J. Exp. Psychol., 2000, 53A: 271-279.
22. Hoddes, E., Dement, W. and Zarcone, V. The development and use of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS). Psychophysiology, 1972, 9: 150.
23. Hoddes, E., Zarcone, V., Smythe, H., Phillips, R. and Dement, W. Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach. Psychophysiology, 1973, 10: 431-436.
24. Hodoba, D. Chewing can relieve sleepiness in a night of sleep deprivation. Sleep Res. Online, 1999, 2: 101-105.
25. Hollingworth, H. Chewing as a technique of relaxation. Science, 1939, 90: 385-387.
26. Holmes, A., Burgess, H. and Dawson, D. Effects of sleep pressure on endogenous cardiac autonomic activity and body temperature. J. Appl. Physiol., 2002, 92: 2578-2584.
27. Horne, J. Sleep function, with particular reference to sleep deprivation. Ann. Clin. Res., 1985, 17: 199-208.
28. Huikuri, H. V., Niemela, M. J., Ojala, S., Rantala, A., Ikaheimo, M. J. and Airaksinen, K. E. Circadian rhythms of frequency domain measures of heart rate variability in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease. Effects of arousal and upright posture. Circulation, 1994, 90: 121-126.
29. Kamimori, G., Johnson, D., Thorne, D. and Belenky, G. Multiple caffeine doses maintain vigilance during early morning operations. Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 2005, 76: 1046-1050.
30. Masumoto, Y., Morinushi, T., Kawasaki, H., Ogura, T. and Takigawa, M. Effects of three principal constituents in chewing gum on electroencephalographic activity. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 1999, 53, 17-23.
31. 15O-labelled water and magnetic resonance imaging. Arch. Oral Biol., 1997, 42: 57-61.
32. Morinushi, T., Masumoto, Y., Kawasaki, H. and Takigawa, M. Effect on electroencephalogram of chewing flavored gum. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 2000, 54: 645-651.
33. Nehlig, A. Are we dependent upon coffee and caffeine? A review on human and animal data. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 1999, 24: 563-576.
34. Penetar, D., McCann, U., Thorne, D., Kamimori, G., Galinski, C., Sing, H., Thomas, M. and Belenky, G. Caffeine reversal of sleep deprivation effects on alertness and mood. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 1993, 112: 359-365.
35. Rees, K., Allen, D. and Lader, M. The influence of age and caffeine on psychomotor and cognitive function. Psychopharmacology, 1999, 145: 181-188.
36. Richardson, T., Rozkovec, A., Thomas, P., Ryder, J., Meckes, C. and Kerr, D. Influence of caffeine on heart rate variability in patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2004, 27: 1127-1131.
37. Rogers, N., Phan, O., Kennaway, D. and Dawson, D. Effect of daytime oral melatonin administration on neurobehavioral performance in humans. J. Pineal Res., 1998, 25: 53-57.
38. Rosenthal, R. and Rosnow, R. Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and data Analysis, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991.
39. Sherwood, L. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems, 2nd edn. West Publishing Company, St Paul, MN, USA, 1993.
40. Shiba, Y., Nitta, E., Hirono, M., Sugita, M. and Iwasa, Y. Evaluation of mastication-induced change in sympatho-vagal balance through spectral analysis of heart rate variability. J. Oral Rehabil., 2002, 29: 956-960.
41. Shiels, S. A., Hilton, M. F., Weiner, M. E. and Shea, S. A. An endogenous circadian rhythm to cardiac sympathetic tone in humans. Sleep, 2002, 25 (Abstract Suppl.): A122-A123.
42. Sondermeijer, H., van Marle, A., Kamen, P. and Krum, H. Acute effects of caffeine on heart rate variability. Am. J. Cardiol., 2002, 90: 906-907.
43. Stephens, R. and Tunney, R. Role of glucose in chewing gum-related facilitation of cognitive function. Appetite, 2004, 43: 211-213.
44. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation, 1996, 93: 1043-1065.
45. Trinder, J., Carrington, M., Breen, S., Kleiman, J., Kim, Y. and Tan, N. Sleep and Circadian control of sleep period cardiac activity. Sleep, 2000, 23(Suppl. 2): A147.
46. Tucha, O., Mecklinger, L., Maier, K., Hammerl, M. and Lange, K. Chewing gum differentially affects aspects of attention in healthy subjects. Appetite, 2004, 42: 327-329.
47. Van Dongen, H., Price, N., Mullington, J., Szuba, M., Kapoor, S. and Dinges, D. Caffeine eliminates psychomotor vigilance deficits from sleep inertia. Sleep, 2001, 24: 813-819.
48. Voultsios, A., Kennaway, D. and Dawson, D. Salivary melatonin as a circadian phase marker: validation and comparison with plasma melatonin. J. Biol. Rhythms, 1997, 12: 457-466.
49. Vrijkotte, T., Snaar, T., Bernards, C. and de Geus, E. Comparison of time- and frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability from ambulatory recordings. 2001, http://www.psy.vu.nl/ams/research/posters/comp.of.time.freq. domain.html
50. Wesensten, N. J., Belenky, G., Kautz, M. A., Thorne, D. A., Reichardt, R. M. and Balkin, T. J. Maintaining alertness and performance during sleep deprivation: modafinil versus caffeine. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 2002, 159: 238-247.
51. Wilkinson, L., Scholey, A. and Wesens, K. Chewing gum selectively improves aspects of memory in healthy volunteers. Appetite, 2002, 38: 235-236.
52. Yagyu, T., Kondakor, I., Kochi, K., Koenig, T., Lehmann, D., Kinoshita, T., Hirota, T. and Yagyu, T. Smell and taste of chewing gum affect frequency domain EEG source localizations. Int. J. Neurosci., 1998, 93: 205-216.
53. Yeragani, V., Krishnan, S., Engels, H. and Gretebeck, R. Effects of caffeine on linear and nonlinear measures of heart rate variability before and after exercise. Depress. Anxiety, 2005, 21: 130-134.