Diel migration patterns of Atlantic salmon smolts with particular reference to the absence of crepuscular migration

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 544-551

  Ibbotson, Ati T ^a   Beaumont, W R C ^a   Pinder, A ^a   Welton, S ^a   Ladle, M ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atlantic salmon; Crepuscular; Diel migration patterns; Salmo salar; Smolts

Indexed keywords

DIEL MIGRATION; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; SALMONID; SMOLT;

INVERTEBRATA; SALMO SALAR;

EID: 33751040156     PISSN: 09066691     EISSN: 16000633     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00194.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Alanärä, A. & Brännäs, E. 1997. Diurnal and nocturnal feeding activity in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54: 2894-2900.
2. Antonsson, T. & Gudjonsson, S. 2002. Variability in timing and characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolt in Icelandic rivers. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 131: 643-655.
3. Baglinière, J.L. 1976. Étude des populations de saumon Atlantique (Salmo salar L., 1766) en Bretagne -Basse-Nornandie. II. -Activitéde dévalaison des smolts sur L'ellé. Annales d'hydrobiologie 7: 159-177.
4. Bakshtansky, E.L. & Nesterov, V.D. 1976. Hunting activities of pike and their possible effect on the diurnal pattern of downstream run of fingerlings of Atlantic salmon. Trubui Vcecoynsnovo nauchno-uclebovatelkovo instituta morskovo ruybnovo chosyaustva i okeanografii 113: 39-42.
5. Bakshtansky, E.L., Nesterov, V.D. & Neklyudov, M.N. 1981. The behavior of young Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, during downstream migration. Journal of Ichthyology 20: 93-100.
6. Beaumont, W.R.C., Hodder, K.H., Masters, J.E.G., Scott, L.J. & Welton, J.S. 2005. Activity patterns in pike (Esox lucius), as determined by motion-sensing telemetry. In: Spedicato, M.T., Marmulla, G. & Lembo, G., eds. Aquatic Telemetry: Advances and Applications. FAO Rome 2005, pp. 231-243.
7. Cook, M.F. & Bergerson, E.P. 1988. Movements, habitat selection, and activity periods of northern pike in eleven mile reservoir, Colorado. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 117: 495-502.
8. Crittenden, R.N. 1994. A diffusion-model for the downstream migration of sockeye-salmon smolts. Ecological Modelling 71: 69-84.
9. Elliott, J.M. 1970. Diel changes in invertebrate drift and the food of trout Salmo trutta L. Journal of Fish Biology 2: 161-165.
10. Emery, A.R. 1973. Preliminary comparisons of day and night habits of freshwater fish in Ontario lakes. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada 30: 761-774.
11. Eriksson, L.-O. 1973. Spring inversion of the diel rhythm of locomotor activity in young sea-going brown trout, Salmo trutta trutta L., and Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquilo Serie Zoologia 14: 68-79.
12. Eriksson, L.-O. 1978. Nocturnalism versus diurnalism - dualism within fish individuals. In: Thorpe, J.E., ed. Rhythmic Activity of Fishes. London: Academic Press, pp. 69-89.
13. Fängstam, H. 1993. Individual downstream swimming speed during the natural smolting period among young Baltic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 1782-1786.
14. Fängstam, H., Berglund, I., Sjöberg, M. & Lundqvist, H. 1993. Effects of size and early sexual maturity on downstream migration during smolting in Baltic salmon (Salmo salar). Journal of Fish Biology 43: 517-529.
15. Feltham, M.J. 1995. Consumption of Atlantic salmon smolts and parr by goosanders: Estimates from doubly-labelled water measurements of captive birds released on two Scottish rivers. Journal of Fish Biology 46: 273-281.
16. Fraser, N.H.C., Metcalfe, N.B. & Thorpe, J.E. 1993. Temperature-dependent switch between diurnal and nocturnal foraging in salmon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 252: 135-139.
17. Garnås, E. & Hvidsten, N.A. 1985. The food of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. and brown trout Salmo trutta L. smolts during migration in the Orkla river, Norway. Fauna Norvegica Serie A 6: 24-28.
18. Godin, J.G.J. 1981. Circadian-rhythm of swimming activity in juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Marine Biology 64: 341-349.
19. Greenstreet, S.P.R. 1992. Migration of hatchery reared juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts down a release ladder. 1. Environmental effects on migratory activity. Journal of Fish Biology 40: 655-666.
20. Hansen, L.P. & Jonsson, B. 1985. Downstream migration of hatchery-reared smolts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the River Imsa, Norway. Aquaculture 45: 237-248.
21. Heggenes, J., Krog, O.M.W., Lindås, O.R., Dokk, J.G. & Bremnes, T. 1993. Homeostatic behavioral-responses in a changing environment - brown trout (Salmo-trutta) become nocturnal during winter. The Journal of Animal Ecology 62: 295-308.
22. Hvidsten, N.A., Jensen, A.J., Vivås, H., Bakke, Ø. & Heggberget, T.G. 1995. Downstream migration of Atlantic salmon smolts in relation to water flow, water temperature, moon phase and social interaction. Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research 70: 38-48.
23. Ibbotson, A.T., Armitage, P.D., Beaumont, W.R.C. & Ladle, M. 1994. Spatial and temporal distribution of fish in a small lowland stream. Fisheries Management and Ecology 1: 143-156.
24. Kalleberg, H. 1958. Observations in a stream tank of territoriality and competition in juvenile salmon and trout (Salmo salar L. and S. trutta L.). Report of the Institute of Freshwater Research Drottningholm 39: 55-98.
25. Kemp, P.S., Gessel, M.H., Sandford, B.P. & Williams, J.G. 2006. The behaviour of Pacific salmonid smolts during passage over two experimental weirs under light and dark conditions. River Research and Applications 22: 429-440.
26. Kennedy, G.J.A. & Greer, J.E. 1988. Predation by cormorants, Phalacrocorax carbo (L.), on the salmonid populations of an Irish river. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 19: 159-170.
27. Larsson, P.-O. 1985. Predation on migrating smolt as a regulating factor in Baltic salmon, Salmo-salar L, populations. Journal of Fish Biology 26: 391-397.
28. Llewelyn, J., Shine, R. & Webb, J.K. 2005. Thermal regimes and diel activity patterns of four species of small elapid snakes from south-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 53: 1-8.
29. Lundqvist, H. & Eriksson, L.-O. 1985. Annual rhythms of swimming behaviour and seawater adaptation in young Baltic salmon, Salmo salar, associated with smolting. Environmental Biology of Fishes 14: 259-267.
30. Mann, R.H.K. 1982. The annual food consumption and prey preferences of pike (Esox lucius) in the River Frome, Dorset. The Journal of Animal Ecology 51: 81-95.
31. Mitans, A.R. 1970. The feeding of Baltic salmon smolts in the river and in the sea. Journal of Ichthyology 10: 89-95.
32. Moore, A., Potter, E.C.E., Milner, N.J. & Bamber, S. 1995. The migratory behaviour of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in the estuary of the River Conwy, North Wales. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52: 1923-1935.
33. Moser, M.L., Olson, A.F. & Quinn, T.P. 1991. Riverine and estuarine migratory behavior of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus-kisutch) smolts. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48: 1670-1678.
34. Österdahl, L. 1969. The smolt run of a small Swedish river. In: Northcote, T.G., ed. Symposium on Trout and Salmon in Streams. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, pp. 205-215.
35. Reebs, S.G. 2002. Plasticity of diel and circadian activity rhythms in fishes. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 12: 349-371.
36. Richardson, N.E. & McCleave, J.D. 1974. Locomotor activity rhythms of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in various light conditions. The Biological Bulletin 147: 422-432.
37. Riehle, M.D. & Griffith, J.S. 1993. Changes in habitat use and feeding chronology of juvenile rainbow-trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in fall and the onset of winter in Silver-Creek, Idaho. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50: 2119-2128.
38. Riley, W.D., Eagle, M.O. & Ives, S.J. 2002. The onset of downstream movement of juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in a chalk stream. Fisheries Management and Ecology 9: 87-94.
39. Rosalino, L.M., MacDonald, D.W. & Santos-Reis, M. 2005. Activity rhythms, movements and patterns of sett use by badgers, Meles meles, in a Mediterranean woodland. Mammalia 69: 395-408.
40. Saunders, R.L. 1965. Adjustment of buoyancy in young Atlantic salmon and brook trout by changes in swimbladder volume. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada 22: 335-352.
41. Solomon, D.J. 1978a. Migration of smolts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) in a chalkstream. Environmental Biology of Fishes 3: 223-229.
42. Solomon, D.J. 1978b. Some observations on salmon smolt migration in a chalkstream. Journal of Fish Biology 12: 571-574.
43. Thorpe, J.E. 1999. Flexible life-history strategies: A context for understanding migration in salmonids. The Bulletin of Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute 62: 151-164.
44. Thorpe, J.E. & Moore, A. 1996. The migratory behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon. In: Ueda, H. & Bern, H.A., eds. Physiology and Ecology of Fish Migration. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fish Migration. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan, pp. 39-46.
45. Thorpe, J.E. & Morgan, R.I.G. 1978. Periodicity in Atlantic salmon Salmo-salar L. smolt migration. Journal of Fish Biology 12: 541-548.
46. Thorpe, J.E., Ross, L.G., Struthers, G. & Watts, W. 1981. Tracking Atlantic salmon smolts, Salmo salar L., through Loch Voil, Scotland. Journal of Fish Biology 19: 519-537.
47. Thorpe, J.E., Morgan, R.I.G., Pretswell, D. & Higgins, P.J. 1988. Movement rhythms in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Journal of Fish Biology 33: 931-940.
48. Thorpe, J.E., Metcalfe, N.B. & Fraser, N.H.C. 1994. Temperature dependence of switch between nocturnal and diurnal smolt migration in Atlantic salmon. In: MacKinlay, D.D., ed. High Performance Fish. International Fish Physiology Symposium. Vancouver: Fish Physiology Association, Mackinley Don D., Ed. pp. 83-86.
49. Welton, J.S., Beaumont, W.R.C. & Clarke, R.T. 2002. The efficacy of air, sound and acoustic bubble screens in deflecting. Fisheries Management and Ecology 9: 11-18.
50. Westlake, D.F., Casey, H., Dawson, F.H., Ladle, M., Mann, R.H.K. & Marker, A.F.H. 1972. The chalk-stream ecosystem. Productivity Problems of Freshwaters. In: Kajak, Z. & Hilbricht-Ilkowska, Z., ed. Proceedings of the IBP-UNESCO Symposium. Kazimierz Dolny, Poland: PWN Polish Scientific Publishers Warszawa-Krakow 1972, pp. 615-635.