Measurement of flow stress in hot plane strain compression tests

Materials at High Temperatures

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 85-118

  Loveday, M S ^a   Mahon, G J ^b   Roebuck, B ^a   Lacey, A J ^c   Palmiere, E J ^c   Sellers, C M ^c   Van Der Winden, M R ^d  

^a NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

^b Firth Rixon   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^d Delft University of Technology Corus Research Development and Technology   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Flow stress; Hot plane strain compression test

Indexed keywords

FLOW DIAGRAMS; FLOW STRESSES; HOT PLANE STRAIN COMPRESSION TESTS; PLANE STRAIN COMPRESSION (PSC);

ALUMINUM ALLOYS; COMPRESSION TESTING; DEFORMATION; FRICTION; PHASE DIAGRAMS; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION;

STRESS ANALYSIS;

EID: 33750925540     PISSN: 09603409     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3184/096034006782739394     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Sellars, C.M., Sah, J.P., Beynon, J.H. and Foster, S.R. Report on research work supported by SRC Grant B/RG/1481, University of Sheffield, UK (1976).
2. Beynon, J. and Sellars, C.M. Strain distribution patterns during plane strain compression. J. Testing Evaluation, 13, 28-38. (1985).
3. Mirza, M.S., Sellars, C.M., Karhausen, K. and Evans, P. Multipass rolling of aluminium alloys: Finite element simulations and microstructure evolution. Mater. Sci. Technol., 17, 874-879. (2001).
4. Timothy, S.P., Yiu, H.L., Fine, J.M. and Ricks, R.A. Simulation of single pass of hot rolling deformation of aluminium alloy by plane strain compression. Mater. Sci. Technol., 7, 255-261 (1991).
5. Duckham, A. and Knutsen, R.D. Asymmetric flow during plane strain compression testing of aluminium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A256, 220-226 (1998).
6. Silk, N.J. and van der Winden, M.R. Interpretation of hot plane strain compression testing of aluminium specimens. Mater. Sci. Technol., 15, 295-300 (1999).
7. Lacey, A.J., Loveday, M.S., Mahon, G.J., Roebuck, B., Sellars, C.M. and van der Winden, M.R. Measuring flow stress in hot plane strain compression tests. NPL CMMT (GPG) 027 (April 2000).
8. Roebuck, B., Lord, J.D., Brooks, M., Loveday, M.S., Sellars, C.M. and Evans, R.W. Measurement of flow stress in hot axisymmetric compression tests. Mater. High Temp., 23(2), pp. 59-83 (2006).
9. (Formerly issued as Measurement Good Practice Guide No 3, NPL CMMT(GPG)003 February 1997. Revised Summer 2002.)
10. Roebuck, B., Loveday, M.S., Chastel, Y., Fiorucci, G. and Dal Negro, T. Measurement of flow stress at high temperature in solid torsion tests. Mater. High Temp., 23(2), 119-144 (2006).
11. (Previously issued as Measurement Good Practice Guide No 58, NPL CMMT(GPG)058 May2003.)
12. Orowan, E. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., 150, 140 (1943).
13. Watts, A.B. and Ford, H. An experimental investigation of the yielding of strip between smooth dies. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., (B) 1, 448-453 (1952/3).
14. Watts, A.B. and Ford, H. On the basic yield stress curve for a metal. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., 169, 1141-1149 (1955).
15. Shi, H., McLaren, A.J., Sellars, C.M., Shahani, R. and Bolingbroke, R. Hot plate strain compression testing of aluminium alloys. J. Testing Evaluation, JTEVA, 25 (1), 61-73 (1997).
16. Shi, H., Mclaren, A.J., Sellers, C.M., Shahani, R. and Bolingbroke, R. Constitutive equations for high temperature flow stress of aluminium alloys. Mater. Sci. Technol., 13, 210-216 (1997).
17. Mirza, M.S. and Sellars, C.M. Modelling the hot plane strain compression test. Part 1-Effect of specimen geometry, strain rate and friction on deformation. Mater. Sci. Technol., 17, 1133-1141 (2001).
18. Mirza, M.S. and Sellars, C.M. Modelling of hot plane strain compression test. Part 2-Effect of friction and specimen geometry on spread. Mater. Sci. Technol., 17, 1142-1148 (2001).
19. Mirza, M.S. and Sellars, C.M. Modelling of hot plane strain compression test. Part 3-Effect of asymmetric conditions. Mater. Sci. Technol., [Submitted for pub. Sept 2005, to be publ. 2006].
20. Kowalski, B. Turtle Max. Akademia Gorniczo-Hutnicza, Mickiewicza, 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland (2002).
21. Dieter, G.E. Mechanical Metallurgy, SI Metric Edition, McGraw-Hill, p. 18-71 (Chap. 2, stress-strain relationships) and p. 539-541 (compression tests). (1989).
22. Harris, J.N. Mechanical Working of Metals: Theory and Practice. Int. Series on Mater. Sci. Technology, 36, Pergamon (1983).
23. Dixon, M.J. Dynamic force measurements. In: Materials Metrology and Standards for Structural Performance, Chap. 4, pp. 55-80. Dyson, B.F., Loveday, M.S. and Gee, M.G, (eds.), Chapman & Hall (1995).
24. Albright, J. Dynamic strain measurements. In: Materials Metrology and Standards for Structural Performance, Chap. 6, pp. 114-133. Dyson, B.F., Loveday, M.S. and Gee, M.G. (eds.), Chapman & Hall (1995).
25. Lord, J.D. and Loveday, M.S. Tools and Lubricants for High Temperature Metalworking Laboratory-Scale Tests. NPL Measurement Note MATC(MN) 50 (2001).
26. Loveday, M.S., Day, M.F. and Dyson, B.F. Measurement of High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Materials, HMSO (1982).
27. Loveday, M.S. High Temperature Flow Stress Measurements: Quality and Traceability Issues. NPL Measurement Note MATC(MN) 62 (2001).
28. Foster, S.R. Simulation of Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel. PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield (1981).
29. Hand, R.J., Foster, S.R. and Sellars, C.M. Temperature changes during hot plane strain compression testing. Mater. Sci. Technol., 16, 442-450 (2000).
30. Evans, R.W. and Scharning, P.J. Systematic errors in flow stress measurement in the plane strain compression test. Mater. Sci Technol., 20, 431-440 (2004).
31. Lacey, A.J., Mirza, S. and Sellars, C.M. Comments on the paper 'systematic errors in flow stress measurement for the hot plane strain compression test'. By R.W. Evans and P.J. Scharning. Mater. Sci. Technol., 20, 1355 (2004).
32. Evans, R.W. and Scharning, P.J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 20, 1356 (2004).
33. Roebuck, B., Gee, M.G., Loveday, M.S. and Brooks, M. Load Cell Ringing in High Rate Compression Tests. NPL Measurement Note MATC(MN) 18 (2002).
34. Bell, S. A beginners guide to uncertainty of measurement. NPL Good Practice Guide No. 11. ISSN 1386-6550 (1999).
35. Birch, K. Estimating Uncertainties in Testing-Measurement Good Practice Guide No. 36, Pub: British Measurement & Testing Association/National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW110LW, UK. ISBN1368-6550 (2001).
36. Kandil, F.A., Lord, J.D., Bullough, C.K., Georgsson, P., Legendre, L., Money, G., Mulligan, E., Fry, A.T., Gorley, T.A.E, and Lawrence, K.M. The UNCERT Manual of Codes of Practice for the Determination of Uncertainties in Mechanical Tests on Metallic Materials [CD-ROM,-available from NPL] ISBN 0-0946754-41-1 (Currently available on the web at: http://www.npl.co.uk/npl/ cmmt/projects/uncert/index.html) (2000).
37. Colclough, A.R. Methods of practical thermometry in the range 0 to 3000°C-a survey. In: Measurement of High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Materials, Chap. 6, pp. 58-90, Loveday, M.S., Day, M.F. and Dyson, B.F. (eds.), HMSO (1982).
38. Desvaux, M.P.E. The practical realisation of temperature measurement standards. In: Measurement of High Temperature. Mechanical Properties of Materials, Chap. 7. pp. 91-112, Loveday, M.S., Day, M.F. and Dyson, B.F. (eds.), HMSO (1982).
39. Osgerby, S. and Loveday, M.S. (1992). Creep Laboratory Manual, NPL Report DMM(A)37, and revised in Summer 2002.
40. Choi Yongjun. Effect of Initial Grain Size on Static Recrystallisation during Hot Working of Stainless Steel. M. Phil. Thesis, University of Sheffield (1999).
41. Colas-Quiz, R. High Strain Rate, High Temperature Deformation of Stainless Steel. PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield (1983).
42. Hill, R. The Mathematical Theory of Plasticity, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1950).
43. Rowe, G.W. An Introduction to the Principles of Metalworking. Edward Arnold, London (1965).
44. Orowan, E. and Pascoe, K.J. Iron & Steel Inst. Special Report, No. 34, 124 (1946).
45. Davenport, S.B., Silk, N.J., Sparks, C.N. and Sellars, C.M. Development of constitutive equations for modelling of hot rolling, Mater. Sci. Technol., 16, 539-546 (2000).
46. Kowalski, B., Lacey, A.J. and Sellars, C.M. Correction of plane strain compression data for the effects of inhomogeneous deformation. Mater. Sci. Technol., 19, 1564-1570 (2003).