Impacts of educational level and employment status on mortality for Japanese women and men: The Jichi Medical School cohort study

European Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 21, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 641-651

  Hirokawa, Kumi ^a   Tsutusmi, Akizumi ^b   Kayaba, Kazunori ^c  

^a OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH   (Japan)

^c SAITAMA PREFECTURAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cohort studies; Educational level; Japanese population; Mortality

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL;

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGRICULTURAL WORKER; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; EDUCATION; EMPLOYMENT STATUS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INFORMATION PROCESSING; JAPAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL SCHOOL; MORTALITY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX RATIO; SMOKING; WHITE COLLAR WORKER;

ADULT; COHORT STUDIES; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; UNEMPLOYMENT;

EID: 33750921791     PISSN: 03932990     EISSN: 15737284     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-006-9049-2     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Schellekens J. Mortality and socio-economic status in two eighteenth-century Dutch villages. Popul Stud 1989; 43: 391-404.
2. Davey Smith G, Bartley M, Blane D. The Black Report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on. Br Med J 1990; 301: 373-377.
3. Davey Smith G, Carroll D, Rankin S. Socio-economic differentials in mortality: Evidence form Glasgow graveyards. Br Med J 1992; 305: 1554-1557.
4. Davey Smith G, Hart C, Hole D, et al. Education and occupational social class: Which is the more important indicator of mortality risk?. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1998; 52: 153-160.
5. Kunst AE, Mackenbach JP. The size of mortality differences associated with educational level in nine industrialized countries. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 932-937.
6. Liberatos P, Link BG, Kelsey JL. The measurement of social class in epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev 1988; 10: 87-121.
7. Davey Smith G, Shipley MJ, Rose G. The magnitude and causes of socio-economic differentials in mortality: Further evidence from the Whitehall study. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1990; 44: 260-265.
8. Davey Smith G, Blane D, Bartley M. Explanations for socioeconomic differentials in mortality: Evidence from Britain and elsewhere. Eur J Pub Health 1994; 4: 131-144.
9. Fukuda Y, Nakamura K, Takano T. Municipal socioeconomic status and mortality in Japan: Sex and age differences, and trends in 1973-1998. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 2435-2445.
10. Fukuda Y, Nakamura K, Takano T. Cause-specific mortality differences across socioeconomic position of municipalities in Japan, 1973-1977 and 1993-1998: Increased importance of injury and suicide in inequality for ages under 75. Int J Epidemiol 2005; 34: 100-109.
11. Kunst AE. Commentary: Using geographical data to monitor socioeconomic inequalities in mortality: Experiences from Japanese studies. Int J Epidemiol 2005; 34: 110-112.
12. Fujino Y, Tamakoshi A, Iso H, et al. A nationwide cohort study of educational background and major causes of death among the elderly population in Japan. Prev Med 2005; 40: 444-451.
13. Iwasaki M, Otani T, Ohta A, Sasazawa Y, Kuroiwa M, Suzuki S. Rural-urban differences in sociodemographic, social network and lifestyle factors related to mortality of middle-aged Japanese men from the Komo-Ise cohort study. J Epidemiol 2002; 12(2): 93-104.
14. Mathers CD, Schofield DJ. The health consequences of unemployment: The evidence. Med J Australia 1998; 16: 178-182.
15. Kelly GP. Education and equality: Comparative perspective on the expansion of education and women in the post-war period. Int J Educ Dev 1990; 10: 131-141.
16. Ishikawa S, Gotoh T, Nago N, Kayaba K. The Jichi Medical School (JMS) Cohort Study: Design, baseline data and standardized mortality ratios. J Epidemiol 2002; 12: 408-417.
17. Statistic Bureau, Management and Coordination Agency, Government of Japan. Statistical Observations of Shi, Ku, Machi, Mura, 2000 [in Japanese].
18. Tsutsumi A, Kayaba K, Yoshimaru M, Sawada M, shikawa S, Sakai K, Gotoh T, Nago N, The Jichi Medical School Cohort Study Group. Association between job characteristics and health behaviors in Japanese rural workers. Int J Behav Med 2003; 10: 125-142.
19. Kennel WB, Sorlie P. Some health benefits of physical activity: The Framingham study. Arch Int Med 1979; 139: 857-861.
20. Elo IT, Preston SH. Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979-1985. Soc Sci Med 1996; 42: 47-57.
21. Burmeister LF, Morgan DP. Mortality in Iowa farmers and farm laborers, 1971-1978. J Occup Med 1982; 24: 898-900.
22. Gallagher RP, Threlfall WJ, Spinelli JJ, Band PR. Occupational mortality patterns among British Columbia farm workers. J Occup Med 1984; 26: 906-908.
23. Notkola VJ, Husman KH, Laukkanen VJ. Mortality among male farmers in Finland during 1979-1983. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987; 13: 124-128.
24. Nakaya T, Dorling D. Geographical inequalities of mortality by income in two developed island countries: A cross-national comparison of Britain and Japan. Soc Sci Med 2005; 60: 2865-2875.
25. Otake F. 90 nendai no syotoku-kakusa (income inequality during 1990s). The Monthly Journal of the Japan Institute of Labour 2000; 480: 2-11 [in Japanese].
26. Hasegawa T.. Japan: historical and current dimensions of health and health equity, . In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A and Wirth M (eds.) Challenging Inequalities in Health: From Ethics to Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 90-103.
27. Notkola VJ, Martikainen P, Leino PI. Time trends in mortality in forestry, construction workers in Finland 1970-1985 and impact of adjustment for socioeconomic variables. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1993; 47: 186-191.
28. Davey Smith G, Ben-Shlomo Y. Geographical and social class differentials in stroke mortality - the influence of early-life factors. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1997; 51: 134-137.
29. Hinkle LE Jr., Whitney LH, Lehman EW, et al. Occupation, education, and coronary heart disease. Risk is influenced more by education and background than by occupational experiences, in the Bell System. Science 1968; 161: 238-246.
30. Qureshi AI, Suri MFK, Saad M, Hopkins LN. Educational attainment and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. Med Sci Monit 2003; 9: CR466-CR473.
31. Backlund E, Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ. A comparison of the relationships of education and income with mortality: The national longitudinal mortality study. Soc Sci Med 1999; 49: 1373-1384.
32. Krieger N, Williams DR, Moss NE. Measuring of social class in US public health research. Ann Rev Pub Health 1997; 18: 341-378.
33. Muller A. Education, income inequality, and mortality: A multiple regression analysis. Br Med J 2002; 324: 23-25.
34. Sorlie PD, Blacklund E, Keller JB. U.S Mortality by economic, demographic, and social characteristics: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Am J Public Health 1995; 85: 949-956.