The hiding virtues of ambiguity: Quantifiably resilient watermarking of natural language text through synonym substitutions

Proceedings of the Multimedia and Security Workshop 2006, MM and Sec'06

Volumn 2006, Issue , 2006, Pages 164-174

  Topkara, Umut ^a   Topkara, Mercan ^a   Atallah, Mikhail J ^a  

^a Purdue University   (United States)

Author keywords

Homograph; Information hiding; Natural language text; Synonym substitution

Indexed keywords

HEURISTIC METHODS; INFORMATION MANAGEMENT; NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEMS; SECURITY OF DATA;

HOMOGRAPHS; INFORMATION HIDING; NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS; SYNONYM SUBSTITUTION;

DIGITAL WATERMARKING;

EID: 33750907773     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (26)

1. S. Agrawal and J. R. Haritsa. A framework for high-accuracy privacy-preserving mining. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, April 5-8, 2005.
2. M. Atallah, C. McDonough, S. Nirenburg, and V. Raskin. Natural Language Processing for Information Assurance and Security: An Overview and Implementations. In Proceedings 9th ACM/SIGSAC New Security Paradigms Workshop, pages 51-65, Cork, Ireland, September, 2000.
3. M. Atallah, V. Raskin, C. F. Hempelmann, M. Karahan, R. Sion, U. Topkara, and K. E. Triezenberg. Natural language watermarking and tamperproofing. In Proceedings of the Fifth Information Hiding Workshop, volume LNCS 2578, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 7-9 October 2002.
4. R. Bergmair. Towards linguistic steganography: A systematic investigation of approaches, systems, and issues. Technical report, University of Derby, November, 2004.
5. R. Bergmair and S. Katzenbeisser. Towards human interactive proofs in the text-domain. In Proceedings of the 7th Information Security Conference, volume 3225, pages 257-267. Springer Verlag, September, 2004.
6. R. Böhme and A. Westfeld. Statistical characterisation of mp3 encoders for steganalysis. In Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia and Security Workshop, pages 25-34, Magdeburg, Germany, September 2004.
7. P. F. Brown, P. V. deSouza, R. L. Mercer, V. J. D. Pietra, and J. C. Lai. Class-based n-gram models of natural language. Compututational Linguistics, 18(4):467-479, 1992.
8. M. Chapman and G. Davida. Plausible deniability using automated linguistic stegonagraphy. In roceedings of the International Conference on Infrastructure Security, pages 276-287, Bristol, UK, October 1-3 2002.
9. C. Fellbaum. WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. MIT Press, 1998.
10. J. Fridrich, M. Goljan, and D. Soukal. Efficient wet paper codes. In Proceedings of 7th Information Hiding Workshop, volume LNCS 3727, pages 204-218. Springer-Verlag, 2005.
11. C. Grothoff, K. Grothoff, L. Alkhutova, R. Stutsman, and M. Atallah. Translation-based steganography. In Proceedings of Information Hiding Workshop (IH 2005), page 15. Springer-Verlag, 2005.
12. H. Kucera and W. N. Francis. Computational Analysis of Present-Day American English. Brown University Press, Providence, Rhode Island, 1967.
13. S. Landes, C. Leacock, and R. I. Tengi. Building semantic concordances. In In Fellbaum, C. (ed.) (1998) WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database., Cambridge, Mass., 1998.
14. P. Moulin and J. A. O'Sullivan. Information-theoretic analysis of information hiding. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 49:563-593, 2003.
15. T. Pedersen, S. Patwardhan, and J. Michelizzi. Wordnet::Similarity - Measuring the Relatedness of Concepts. In Proceedings of Fifth Annual Meeting of the NAACL, Boston, MA, May 2004.
16. J. Rennie. Wordnet::Querydata: a Perl module for accessing the WordNet database. In http://people.csail.mit.edu/jrennie/WordNet, 2000.
17. P. Resnik. Using information content to evaluate semantic similarity in a taxonomy. In Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 448-453, 1995.
18. P. Resnik. Selectional preference and sense disambiguation. In the ACL SIGLEX Workshop on Tagging Text with Lexical Semantics: Why, What, and How?, Washington D.C., USA, April 1997.
19. R. Sion, M. Atallah, and S. Prabhakar. Power: A metric for evaluating watermarking algorithms. In IEEE ITCC, pages 95-99, Las Vegas, Nevada, 2002.
20. R. Sion, M. Atallah, and S. Prabhakar. Rights protection for discrete numeric streams. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 18(5), May, 2006.
21. A. Stolcke. Srilm - an extensible language modeling toolkit. In Proceedings of International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, 2002.
22. C. M. Taskiran, U. Topkara, M. Topkara, and E. Delp. Attacks on lexical natural language steganography systems. In Proceedings of the SPIE International Conference on Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, 2006.
23. E. Terra and C. Clarke. Frequency estimates for statistical word similarity measures. In Proceedings of Human Language Technology Conference, pages 244-251, Edmonton, Alberta, 2003.
24. M. Topkara, G. Riccardi, D. Hakkani-Tur, and M. J. Atallah. Natural language watermarking: Challenges in building a practical system. In Proceedings of the SPIE International Conference on Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, 2006.
25. M. Topkara, C. M. Taskiran, and E. Delp. Natural language watermarking. In Proceedings of the SPIE International Conference on Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, 2005.
26. K. Winstein. Lexical steganography through adaptive modulation of the word choice hash. In http://www.imsa.edu/keithw/tlex/, 1998.