Spatial variability of both turbulent fluxes and temperature profiles in an urban roughness layer

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 121, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 339-350

  Kanda, M ^a   Moriwaki, R ^a   Kasamatsu, F ^a  

^a TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Canopy layer; Roughness sublayer; Spatial variability; Temperature profile; Turbulent fluxes; Urban meteorology

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; FLOW INTERACTIONS; HEAT CONVECTION; HEAT FLUX; HEAT STORAGE; METEOROLOGY; STATISTICAL METHODS; TOWERS; VEGETATION;

CANOPY LAYER; FRICTION VELOCITY; ROUGHNESS SUBLAYER; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE PROFILE;

TURBULENT FLOW;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; FLOW INTERACTIONS; HEAT CONVECTION; HEAT FLUX; HEAT STORAGE; METEOROLOGY; STATISTICAL METHODS; TOWERS; TURBULENT FLOW; VEGETATION;

AIRFLOW; CANOPY; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; SPATIAL VARIATION; TEMPERATURE PROFILE; TURBULENT FLOW; URBAN ATMOSPHERE;

ASIA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; HONSHU; JAPAN; KANTO; TOKYO [KANTO]; TOKYO [TOKYO (PRF)];

EID: 33750627633     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-006-9063-7     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Albrecht F, Grunow J (1935) Untersuchungen der Vertikalen Luftzirkulation in der Grossstadt. Meteorol Z 50:93-98
2. Briggs GA (1988) Surface inhomogeneity effects on convective diffusion. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 45:117-135
3. Cheng H, Castro IP (2002) Near wall flow over urban-like roughness. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 104:229-259
4. Christen A, Vogt R (2004) Energy and radiation balance of a central European city. Int J Climatol 24:1395-1421
5. Grimmond CSB, Oke TR (2002) Turbulent heat fluxes in urban areas: observations and a local-scale urban meteorological parametrization scheme (LUMPS). J Appl Meteorol 41:792-810
6. Grimmond CSB, Salmond JA, Oke TR, Offerle B, Lemonsu A (2004) Flux and turbulence measurements at a densely built-up site in marseille: Heat, mass (water and carbon dioxide), and momentum. J Geophys Res 109:D24101
7. Kanda M, Hino M (1994) Organized structures in developing turbulent flow within and above a plant canopy, using a large eddy simulation. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 68:237-257
8. Kanda M, Inagaki A, Letzel MO, Raasch S, Watanabe T (2004a) LES study of the energy imbalance problem with eddy covariance fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 110:381-404
9. Kanda M, Moriwaki R, Kasamatsu F (2004b) Large eddy simulation of turbulent organized structure within and above explicitly resolved cube arrays. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 112:343-368
10. Kanda M, Moriwaki R, Kimoto Y (2005) Temperature profiles within and above an urban canopy. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 115:499-506
11. Kanda M (2006) Large-eddy simulation on the effect of surface geometry of building arrays on turbulent organized structure. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 118:151-168
12. Kastner-Klein P, Rotach MW (2004) Mean flow and turbulence characteristics in an urban roughness sublayer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 111:55-84
13. Katul G, Hsieh C, Bowling D, Clark K, Shurpali N, Turnipseed A, Albertson J, Tu K, Hollinger D, Evans B, Offerle B, Anderson D, Ellsworth D, Vogel C, Oren R (1999) Spatial variability of turbulent fluxes in the roughness sublayer of an even-aged pine forest. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 93:1-28
14. Lee X, Black TA (1993) Atmospheric turbulence within and above a douglas-fir stand, part 2: Eddy fluxes of sensible heat and water vapor. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 64:369-390
15. Macdonald RW, Hall DJ, Walker S (1998) Wind tunnel measurements of wind speed within simulated urban arrays. BRE Client Report CR 243/98, Building Research Establishment
16. McMillen RT (1988) An eddy correlation technique with extended applicability to non-simple terrain. Meteorol 43:231-245
17. 2 over a suburban area. J Appl Meteorol 43:1700-1710
18. Moriwaki R, Kanda M (2006) Flux-gradient profiles for momentum and heat over an urban surface. Theor Appl Climatol 84:127-136
19. Nakamura Y, Hiraoka H, Nishimura H (1986) Field investigation on air temperature distribution in an urban cavity space. J Archit Plann Environ Eng 364:48-56 (in Japanese)
20. Nakamura Y, Oke TR (1988) Wind, temperature and stability conditions in an east-west oriented urban canyon. Atmos Environ 22:2691-2700
21. Nunez M, Oke TR (1976) Long-wave radiative flux divergence and nocturnal cooling of the urban atmosphere II within an urban canyon. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 10:121-135
22. Raupach MR, Thom AS, Edwards I (1980) A wind-tunnel study of turbulent flow close to regularly arrayed rough surfaces. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 18:373-397
23. Raupach MR, Finnigan JJ, Brunet Y (1996) Coherent eddies and turbulence in vegetation canopies: The analogy. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 78:351-382
24. Rotach MW (1999) On the influence of the urban roughness sublayer on turbulence and dispersion. Atmos Environ 33:4001-4008
25. Roth M (2000) Review of atmospheric turbulence over cities. Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc 126:941-990
26. Schmid HP, Cleugh HA, Grimmond CSB, Oke TR (1991) Spatial variability of energy fluxes in suburban terrain. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 54:249-276
27. Schmid HP (1994) Source areas for scalars and scalar fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 67:293-318
28. Twine TE, Kustas WP, Norman JM, Cook DR, Houser PR, Meyers TP, Prueger JH, Starks PJ, Wesley ML (2000) Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland. Agric For Meteorol 103:279-300