An overview of copper radionuclides and production of 61Cu by proton irradiation of natZn at a medical cyclotron

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Volumn 64, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 1563-1573

  Rowshanfarzad, Pejman ^a   Sabet, Mahsheed ^b   Reza Jalilian, Amir ^a   Kamalidehghan, Mohsen ^a  

^a ATOMIC ENERGY ORGANIZATION OF IRAN   (Iran)

^b Nuclear Research Center for Agriculture and Medicine (NRCAM)   (Iran)

Author keywords

Copper 61; Production; Quality control; Radiochemical separation; Targetry

Indexed keywords

COPPER ALLOYS; CYCLOTRON RADIATION; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; NUCLEAR PROPERTIES; PROTON BEAMS; PROTON IRRADIATION;

COPPER-61; PROTON BEAM ENERGY; RADIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION; RADIONUCLIDIC PURITY;

RADIOISOTOPES;

COPPER; COPPER 61; RADIOISOTOPE; RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL AGENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZINC 64;

ARTICLE; CYCLOTRON; NUCLEAR REACTOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTON RADIATION; QUALITY CONTROL; RADIATION ENERGY; SEPARATION TECHNIQUE;

COPPER RADIOISOTOPES; CYCLOTRONS; PROTONS; RADIONUCLIDE GENERATORS; ZINC;

EID: 33750487845     PISSN: 09698043     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.11.012     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Abe K., Iizuka A., Hasegawa A., and Morozumi S. Induced radioactivity of component materials by 16-MeV protons and 30-MeV alpha particles. J. Nucl. Mater. 122&123 (1984) 972-976
2. Anderson C.J., Connett J.M., Schwarz S.W., Rocque P.A., Guo L.W., Philpott G.W., Zinn K.R., Meares C.F., and Welch M.J. Copper-64-labeled antibodies for PET imaging. J. Nucl. Med. 33 9 (1992) 1685-1691
3. Anderson C.J., Pajeau T.S., Edwards W.B., Sherman E.L.C., Rogers B.E., and Welch M.J. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of copper-64-octreotide conjugates. J. Nucl. Med. 36 (1995) 2315-2325
4. Anderson C.J., and Lewis J.S. Radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radiotherapy of cancer. Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 10 7 (2000) 1057-1069
5. Anderson C.J., Green M.A., and Fujibayashi Y. Radiochemistry of copper radionuclides and radiopharmaceutical products. In: Welch M.J., and Redvanly C.S. (Eds). Handbook of Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiochemistry and Applications (2003), Wiley, Chichester 401-422
6. Baron N., and Cohen B.L. Activation cross-section survey of deuteron-induced reactions. Phys. Rev. 129 6 (1963) 2636-2642
7. Barrandon J.N., Debrun J.L., Kohn A., and Spear R.H. Étude du dosage de Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, et Zn par activation avec des protons d'énergie limitée a 20 MeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods 127 (1975) 269-278
8. Bartell F.O., Helmholz A.C., Softky S.D., and Stewart D.B. Excitation functions for spallation reactions on Cu. Phys. Rev. 80 (1950) 1006-1010
9. Bass L.A., McCarthy D.W., Jones L.A., Cutler P.D., Shefer R.E., Klinkowstein R.E., Schwarz S.W., Cutler C.S., Lewis J.S., Anderson C.J., and Welch M.J. High purity production and potential applications of copper-60 and copper-61. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 40 (1997) 325-327
10. Beanlands R.S., Muzik O., Nintun M., Mangner T., Lee K., Petry N., Hutchins G.D., and Schwaiger M. The kinetics of copper-62-PTSM in the normal human heart. J. Nucl. Med. 33 (1992) 684-690
11. 3He-induced preequilibrium decay. Phys. Rev. C 22 4 (1980) 1468-1484
12. Blann, M., Bislinghoff, J., 1991. Code Alice/Livermore 91. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Internal Report, UCID-19614.
13. Blower P.J., Lewis J.S., and Zweit J. Copper radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine. J. Nucl. Med. Biol. 23 8 (1996) 957-980
14. Boothe T.E. Utilization of hospital-based cyclotron for commercial radionuclide production. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 56/57 (1991) 1266-1269
15. Bonardi M.L., Groppi F., Birattari C., Gini L., Mainardi C., Ghioni A., Menapace E., Abbas K., Holzwarth U., and Stroosnijder M.F. Thin-target excitation functions and optimization of simultaneous production of NCA copper-64 and gallium-66,67 by deuteron induced nuclear reactions on a natural zinc target. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 257 1 (2003) 229-241
16. Bonardi M.L., Birattari C., Groppi F., Gini L., and Mainardi H.S.C. Cyclotron production and quality control of "high specific activity" radionuclides in "no-carrier-added" form for radioanalytical applications in the life scinces. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 259 3 (2004) 415-419
17. 62Cu-PTSM. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 43 12 (1992) 1437-1441
18. Brown L.C., and Callahan A.P. The separation and purification of carrier-free copper isotopes for medical use. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 23 (1972) 535-538
19. 65Cu. Phys. Rev. 130 4 (1963) 1512-1522
20. Cogneau M., Gilly L.J., and Cara J. Absolute cross sections and excitation functions for deuteron-induced reactions on the nickel isotopes between 2 and 12 MeV. Nucl. Phys. A 99 3 (1967) 686-694
21. Cohen B.L., and Newman E. (p,pn) and (p,2n) cross sections in medium weight elements. Phys. Rev. 99 (1955) 718-723
22. 64Cu excitation function in the energy range 13-25 MeV. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 38 (1976) 23-38
23. 61Zn. Phys. Rev. 114 6 (1959) 1600-1604
24. Cutler C.S., Lewis J.S., and Anderson C.J. Utilization of metabolic, transport and receptor-mediated processes to deliver agents for cancer diagnosis. Adv. Drug. Deliver. Rev. 37 (1999) 189-211
25. 67Cu from proton irradiated Zn. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42 4 (1991) 371-376
26. Dearling J.L.J., Mullen G.E.D., Lewis J.S., Welch M.J., and Blower P.J. Dithiocarbamate copper complexes as blood flow tracers. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 42 (1999) 835
27. Deshpande S.V., De Nardo S.J., Meares C.F., McCall M.J., Adams G.P., Moi M.K., and De Nardo G.L. Copper-67-labeled monoclonal antibody Lym-1, a potential radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy: labeling and biodistribution in RAJI tumored mice. J. Nucl. Med. 29 (1988) 217-225
28. Dijkstra M., Kuipers F., Van den Berg G.J., Havinga R., and Vonk R.J. Differences in hepatic processing of dietary and intravenously administered copper in rats. Hepatology 26 4 (1997) 962-966
29. 61Cu produced by deuteron-induced reactions in copper. Nucl. Instrum. Methods 159 1 (1979) 171-175
30. European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines, Council of Europe: European Pharmacopoeia, 2002. Radiopharmaceutical Preparations, Gallium-67 Citrate Injection Monograph, fourth ed. p. 2319.
31. 3He-particles on cobalt. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 222 3-4 (2004) 355-363
32. Firestone R.B., Shirley V.S., Baglin C.M., and Zipkin J. Table of Isotopes, (CDROM), Version 1.0. eighth ed (1996), Wiley-Interscience, New York
33. Fujibayashi Y., Wada K., Matsumoto K., Yonekura Y., Konishi J., and Yokoyama A. Retention mechanism of Cu-62-PTSM, a generator produced positron emitting Cu-62 labeled blood flow tracer. J. Nucl. Med. 32 (1991) 974
34. Fujibayashi Y., Taniuchi H., Yonekura Y., Ohtani H., Konishi J., and Yokoyama A. Copper-62-ATSM: a new hypoxia imaging agent with high membrane permeability and low redox potential. J. Nucl. Med. 38 (1997) 1155-1160
35. 61Cu-ATSM. Radiochim. Acta 92 4-6 (2004) 209-214
36. Fulmer C.B., and Williams I.R. Excitation functions for radioactive nuclides produced by deuteron-induced reactions in copper. Nucl. Phys. A 155 (1970) 40-48
37. 68Zn between 3 and 11.6 MeV. Phys. Rev. 131 4 (1963) 1727-1731
38. Grant P.M., Miller D.A., Gilmore J.S., and O'Brien H.A. Medium-energy spallation cross sections. 1. RbBr irradiation with 800-MeV protons. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 33 6 (1982) 415-417
39. 4-methylthiosemicarbazone). Nucl. Med. Biol. 14 1 (1987) 59-61
40. Green M.A., Klippenstein D.L., and Tennison J.R. Copper(II) Bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes as potential tracers for evaluation of cerebral and myocardial blood flow with PET. J. Nucl. Med. 29 9 (1988) 1549-1557
41. 4-methylthiosemicarbazonato)copper(II): synthesis and evaluation as a positron emission tomography tracer for cerebral and myocardial perfusion. J. Nucl. Med. 31 12 (1990) 1989-1996
42. Grütter A. Cross sections for reactions with 593 and 540 MeV protons in aluminum, arsenic, bromine, rubidium and yttrium. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 33 9 (1982) 725-732
43. 67Ga nuclear reaction for the development of a reference data base. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 240 2 (1999) 623-630
44. Herrero P., Hartman J.J., Green M.A., Anderson C.J., Welch M.J., Markham J., and Bergman S.R. Regional myocardial perfusion assessed with generator-produced copper-62-PTSM and PET. J. Nucl. Med. 37 (1996) 1294-1300
45. Hetherington E.L., Sorby P.J., and Camakaris J. The preparation of high specific activity copper-64 for medical diagnosis. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 37 12 (1986) 1242-1243
46. 67Cu process. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 59 5-6 (2003) 343-351
47. 3He bombardments on cobalt target. Chem. Lett. Chem. Soc. Jpn. (1976) 397-400
48. 3He bombardments on cobalt target. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 50 (1977) 1251
49. 64Ni enriched nickel target. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 57 6 (2002) 773-777
50. Isshiki M., Fukuda Y., and Igaki K. Proton activation analysis of trace impurities in purified cobalt. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 82 1 (1984) 135-142
51. 70Zn targets. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 195 2 (1995) 263-270
52. 59Co. Phys. Rev. C 34 1 (1986) 34-79
53. Kraus K.A., and Moore G.E. Anion exchange studies. VI. The divalent transition elements manganese to zinc in hydrochloric acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75 (1953) 1460-1462
54. Lee K.S., Magner T.J., Petry N.A., Moskwa J.J., and Mintun M.A. Evaluation of Cu-62 PTSM in the detection of neural activation Foci. J. Nucl. Med. 32 (1991) 1072
55. 68Zn(p,2n) reactions. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 34 3 (1983) 631-637
56. Marceau N., Kruck T.P.A., McConnell D.B., and Aspin N. The production of copper 67 from natural zinc using a linear accelerator., Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 21 (1970) 667-669
57. Marczenko, Z., 1976a. Spectrophotometric Determination of Elements, fourth ed. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Warsaw, pp. 601-603.
58. Marczenko, Z., 1976b. Spectrophotometric Determination of Elements, fourth ed. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Warsaw, pp. 281-284.
59. Mathias C.J., Welch M.J., Raichle M.E., Mintun M.A., Lich L.L., McGuire A.H., Zinn K.R., John E.K., and Green M.A. Evaluation of a potential generator-produced PET tracer for cerebral perfusion imaging: single-pass cerebral extraction measurements and imaging with radiolabeled Cu-PTSM. J. Nucl. Med. 31 3 (1990) 351-359
60. Mathias C.J., Margenau W.H., Brodack J.W., Welch M.J., and Green M.A. A remote system for the synthesis of copper-62 labeled Cu(PTSM). Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42 (1991) 317-320
61. Mathias C.J., Welch M.J., Perry D.J., McGuire A.H., Zhu X., Connett J.M., and Green M.A. Investigation of copper-PTSM as a PET tracer for tumor blood flow. Nucl. Med. Biol. 18 7 (1991) 807-811
62. 64Cu]DTPA: New radiopharmaceuticals for quantitative tomocisternography. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 34 3 (1983) 595-601
63. Mausner L.F., Straub R.F., and Srivastava S.C. Production and use of prospective radionuclides for radioimmunotherapy. In: Srivastava S.C. (Ed). Radiolebeled Monoclonal Antibodies for Imaging and Therapy (1988), Plenum Press, New York 149-163
64. 64Cu using a biomedical cyclotron. Nucl. Med. Biol. 24 (1997) 35-43
65. McCarthy D.W., Bass L.A., Cutler P.D., Shefer R.E., Klinkowstein R.E., Herrero P., Lewis J.S., Cutler C.S., Anderson C.J., and Welch M.J. High purity production and potential applications of copper-60 and copper-61. Nucl. Med. Biol. 26 (1999) 351-358
66. 68Zn with protons of medium energy. Nucl. Phys. A 150 1 (1970) 11-29
67. 64Cu-labeled bis(selenosemicarbazone) and bis(thiosemicarbazone) complexes as hypoxia imaging agents. Nucl. Med. Biol. 32 (2005) 147-156
68. Michel R., and Brinkmann G. Alpha-induced reactions on cobalt. Nucl. Phys. A 338 1 (1980) 167-189
69. 3He-induced reactions on cobalt. Nucl. Phys. A 404 (1983) 77-92
70. 67Cu. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 37 1 (1986) 29-36
71. 61Cu. Int.J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 29 11 (1978) 611-614
72. 67Cu in a reactor. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 141 2 (1990) 261-269
73. 209Bi. Nucl. Phys. A 486 1 (1988) 77-90
74. 64Cu. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 28 9 (1977) 802-804
75. Neirinckx R.D. Production of Ni-57, Co-55 and Zn-62 and the complexation with bleomycin. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 13 2 (1977) 176
76. 64Cu in the energy range 23-102 MeV. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 35 (1973) 361-370
77. natGe up to 100 MeV. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42 4 (1991) 353-359
78. Nickles R.J. The production of a broader palette of PET tracers. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 46 (2003) 1-27
79. 64Cu-ATSM as a radiotherapy agent. Nucl. Med. Biol. 32 (2005) 21-28
80. 67Zn in a nuclear reactor. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 20 (1969) 121-124
81. 64Cu-labeled monocationic copper(II) complex. Nucl. Med. Biol. 29 3 (2002) 289-294
82. Paradellis T., Vourvopoulos G., and Paleodimopoulos E. The production of gallium-67 with a tandem accelerator. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 84 2 (1984) 263-267
83. 62Cu at a small cyclotron. Radiochim. Acta 57 1 (1992) 1-5
84. 67Cu from ZnO targets. Radiochim. Acta 40 (1986) 169-173
85. Qaim S.M. Therapeutic radionuclides and nuclear data. Radiochim. Acta 89 (2001) 297-302
86. 61Cu following alpha particle irradiation of a nickel target. Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 46 6 (1981) 371-380
87. Reivich M., and Alavi A. Positron Emission Tomography (1985), AR Liss, New York
88. Roberts J.C., Newmyer S.L., Mercer-Smith J.A., Schreyer S.A., and Lavallee D.K. Labeling antibodies with copper radionuclides using N-4-nitrobenzyl-5-(4-carboxyphenyl)- 10, 15, 20-tris (4-sulfophenyl) porphine. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 40 9 (1989) 775-781
89. Robinson G.D. Cyclotron-related radiopharmaceutical development program at UCLA. Prog. Nucl. Med. 4 (1978) 80-92
90. Robinson G.D., Zielinski F.W., and Lee A.W. The Zinc-62/Copper-62 generator: A convenient source of Copper-62 for radiopharmaceuticals. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 31 (1980) 111-116
91. 65Zn radionuclide. Nukleonika 50 3 (2005) 97-103
92. 67Cu from irradiated zinc for use in antibody labeling: a comparison of methods. Appl. Radiat Isot. 46 5 (1995) 329-336
93. Shelton M.E., Green M.A., Mathias C.J., Welch M.J., and Bergmann S.R. Kinetics of Copper-PTSM in isolated hearts: a novel tracer for measuring blood flow with positron emission tomography. J. Nucl. Med. 30 11 (1989) 1843-1847
94. 67Cu waste products using anion exchange and low acid aqueous/organic mixtures. Radiochem. Acta 75 (1996) 65-68
95. Smith S.V., Di Bartolo N., Sargeson A., and Hetherington E. Amino-benzyl-cryptate, a new ligand for radiolabeling with Cu-64, its potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. 42 (1999) 841
96. Sternlieb I., Morell A.J., Tucker W.D., Greene M.W., and Scheinberg I.H. The incorporation of copper into seruloplasmin: in-vivo studies with copper-64 and copper-67. J. Clin. Invest. 40 (1961) 1834
97. Stone C.K., Martin C.C., Mueller B., Pyzalski R.A., Perlman S.B., and Nickles R.J. Comparison of myocardial uptake of copper pyrovaldehyde thiosemicarbazone with N-13 ammonia in humans. J. Nucl. Med. 32 (1991) 999
98. 64Cu at a small cyclotron. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44 3 (1993) 575-580
99. 68Ga production using zinc targets up to 30 MeV proton energy. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 45 4 (1994) 473-500
100. natCu+alpha processes in the energy range from 14 to 60 MeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 184 4 (2001) 589-596
101. 60,61,62Cu radioisotopes by alpha induced reactions on cobalt for PET studies. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 187 (2002) 153-163
102. 60Cu for PET studies. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 222 3-4 (2004) 364-370
103. 61Cu using proton induced nuclear reactions on zinc for PET studies. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 263 2 (2005) 539-546
104. Tanaka S., Furukawa M., and Chiba M. Nuclear reactions of nickel with protons up to 56 MeV. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 34 (1972) 2419-2426
105. Tárkányi F., Takács S., Ditrói F., Hermanne A., Sonck M., and Shubin Yu. Excitation functions of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on natural zinc up to 50 MeV. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 217 (2004) 531-550
106. 61Cu from a natural nickel target. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49 1-2 (1998) 79-81
107. Ueda N., Nakamato S., and Tanaka Y. Production of Zn-62 and development of Zn-62/Cu-62 generator system. J. Nucl. Med. 24 (1983) 124
108. 64Cu. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 51 (1999) 15-19
109. Wessels B.W., and Rogers R.D. Radionuclide selection and model absorbed dose calculation for radiolabeled tumor associated antibodies. J. Med. Phys. 11 (1984) 638
110. 40Ar(d,α). Phys. Rev. 130 1 (1963) 265-271
111. Williams I.R., and Fulmer C.B. Excitation functions for radioactive isotopes produced by proton below 60 MeV on Al, Fe, and Cu. Phys. Rev. 162 4 (1967) 1055-1061
112. 68Zn(γ,p) Reaction. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 29 (1978) 756-758
113. 62Cu generator. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 30 (1979) 569-570
114. Ziegler J.F., Biersack J.P., and Littmark U. The stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM Code). Version 2000 XX (2000)
115. Zinn K.R., Chaudhuri T.R., Cheng T.P., Morris J.S., and Meyer W.A. Production of no-carrier-added Cu-64 from zinc metal irradiated under boron shielding. Cancer 73 (1994) 774-778
116. 64Ni targets for positron emission tomography. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 42 2 (1991) 193-197
117. Zweit J., Goodal R., Cox M., Babich J.W., Potter G.A., Sharma H.L., and Ott R.J. Development of a high performance zinc-62/copper-62 radionuclide generator for positron emission tomography. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. 19 6 (1992) 418-425