IAP task force report: Diagnosis of enteric fever in children

Indian Pediatrics

Volumn 43, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 875-883

  Kundu, Ritabrata ^a   Ganguly, Nupur ^a   Ghosh, Tapan Kr ^a   Yewale, Vijay N ^b   Shah, Raju C ^b   Shah, Nitin K ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH   (India)

^b IAP ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BACTERIAL ANTIGEN; BACTERIAL PROTEIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; HEMOGLOBIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; NALIDIXIC ACID; OFLOXACIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ANTIGEN DETECTION; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BLOOD CULTURE; BONE MARROW CULTURE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; FECES CULTURE; HUMAN; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; REVIEW; SALMONELLA TYPHI; SEROLOGY; TYPHOID FEVER; URINE CULTURE; VIRUS INFECTION;

BONE MARROW; CHILD; HUMANS; IMMUNOASSAY; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; TYPHOID FEVER;

EID: 33750349757     PISSN: 00196061     EISSN: 00196061     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Abdool Gaffar MS, Seedat YK, Coovadia YM, Khan Q. The white cell count in typhoid fever. Trop Geogr Med 1992; 44: 23-27.
2. Deshmukh CT, Nadkarni UB, Karande SC. An analysis of children with typhoid fever admitted in 1991. J Postgrad Med 1994; 40: 204-207.
3. Pandey KK, Srinivasan S, Mahadevan S, Nalini P, Rao RS. Typhoid fever below five years. Indian Pediatr 1990; 27: 153-156.
4. Chiu CH, Tsai JR, Ou JT, Lin TY. Typhoid fever in children: a fourteen-year experience. Acta Pediatr Taiwan 2000; 41: 28-32.
5. Parry CM, Hien TT, Dougan G, White NJ, Farrar JJ. Typhoid Fever. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1770-8172.
6. Ananthanarayan R, Panikar CKJ. Textbook of Microbiology. Chennai: Orient Longman 1999; 244-249.
7. Wain J, Pham VB, Ha V, et al. Quantitation of bacteria in bone marrow from patients with typhoid fever: relationship between counts and clinical features. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 1571-1576.
8. Hoffman SL, Edman DC, Punjabi NH, Lesmana M, Cholid A, Sundah S, Harahap J. Bone marrow aspirate culture superior to streptokinase clot culture and 8 mL 1:10 blood-to-broth ratio blood culture for diagnosis of typhoid fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1986; 35: 836-839.
9. Simanjuntak CH, Hoffman SL, Darmowigoto R, Lesmana M, Soeprawoto, Edman DC. Streptokinase clot culture compared with whole blood culture for isolation of Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi A from patients with enteric fever. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1988; 82: 340-341.
10. Escamilla J, Florez-Ugarte H, Kilpatrick ME. Evaluation of blood clot cultures for isolation of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi-A and Brucella melitensis. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 24: 388-390.
11. Farooqui BJ, Khurshid M, Ashfaq MK, Khan MA. Comparative yield of Salmonella typhi from blood and bone marrow cultures in patients with fever of unknown origin. J Clin Pathol 1991; 44 : 258-259.
12. Duthie R, French GL. Comparison of methods for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. J Clin Pathol 1990; 43: 863-865.
13. Akoh JA. Relative sensitivity of blood and bone marrow cultures in typhoid fever. Trop Doct 1991; 21: 174-176.
14. Gilman RH, Terminel M, Levine MM, Hernandez-Mendoza P, Hornick RB. Relative efficacy of blood, urine, rectal swab, bone-marrow, and rose-spot cultures for recovery of Salmonella typhi in typhoid fever. Lancet 1975; 31; 1:1211-1213.
15. Vallenas C, Hernandez H, Kay B, Black R, Gotuzzo E. Efficacy of bone marrow, blood, stool and duodenal contents cultures for bacteriologic confirmation of typhoid fever in children.Pediatr Infect Dis 1985; 4: 496-498.
16. Benavente L, Gotuzzo E, Guerra J, Grados O, Guerra H, Bravo N. Diagnosis of typhoid fever using a string capsule device. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1984; 78: 404-406.
17. Crump JA, Barrett TJ, Nelson JT, Angulo FJ. Reevaluating fluoroquinolone breakpoints for Salmonella enterica serotype typhi and for nontyphi salmonellae. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37: 75-81.
18. Kapil A, Renuka, Das B. Nalidixic acid susceptibility test to screen ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella typhi. Indian J Med Res 2002; 115: 49-54.
19. Olopoenia LA, King AL. Widal agglutination test-100 years later: Still plagued by controversy. Postgrad Med J 2000; 76: 80-84.
20. Rodrigues C. The Widal test more than 100 years old: abused but still used. J Assoc Physicians India 2003; 51: 7-8.
21. Parry CM, Hoa NT, Diep TS, Wain J, Chinh NT, Vinh H, et al. Value of a single-tube Widal test in diagnosis of typhoid fever in Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 2882-2886.
22. Shukla S, Patel B, Chitnis DS. 100 years of WIDAL test and its reappraisal in an endemic area. Indian J Med Res 1997; 105: 53-57.
23. Schoeder SA. Interpretation of serologic tests for typhoid fever. J Am Med Assoc 1968; 206: 839-840.
24. Nsutebu EF, Ndumbe PM, Koulla S. The increase in occurrence of typhoid fever in Cameroon: overdiagnosis due to misuse of the Widal test? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002; 96: 64-67.
25. Jesudason M, Esther E, Mathai E. Typhidot test to detect IgG & IgM antibodies in typhoid fever. Indian J Med Res 2002; 116:70-72.
26. Hatta M, Goris MG, Heerkens E, Gooskens J, Smits HL. Simple dipstick assay for the detection of Salmonella typhi-specific IgM antibodies and the evolution of the immune response in patients with typhoid fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002; 66: 416-421.
27. Gasem MH, Smits HL, Goris MG, Dolmans WM. Evaluation of a simple and rapid dipstick assay for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in Indonesia. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51: 173-177.
28. Khan E, Azam I, Ahmed S, Hassan R. Diagnosis of typhoid fever by Dot enzyme immunoassay in an endemic region. J Pak Med Assoc 2002; 52: 415-417.
29. Cardona-Castro N, Agudelo-Florez P. Immunoenzymatic dot-blot test for the diagnosis of enteric fever caused by Salmonella typhi in an endemic area. Clin Microbiol Infect 1998; 4: 64-69.
30. Handojo I, Dewi R. The diagnostic value of the ELISA-Ty test for the detection of typhoid fever in children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Hlth 2000; 31: 702-707.
31. Bhutta ZA, Mansurali N. Rapid serologic diagnosis of pediatric typhoid fever in an endemic area: A prospective comparative evaluation of two dot-enzyme immunoassays and the Widal test. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 61: 654-657.
32. Jackson AA, Ismail A, Ibrahim TA, Kader ZS, Nawi NM. Retrospective review of dot enzyme immunoassay test for typhoid fever in an endemic area. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub Hlth 1995; 26: 625-630.
33. Choo KE, Davis TM, Ismail A, Tuan Ibrahim TA, Ghazali WN. Rapid and reliable serological diagnosis of enteric fever: comparative sensitivity and specificity of Typhidot and Typhidot-M tests in febrile Malaysian children. Acta Tropica 1999; 72: 175-183.
34. Saha SK, Talukdar SY, Islam M, Saha S. A highly ceftriaxone resistant Salmonella typhi in Bangladesh. The Ped Infect Dis J 1999; 18 : 297-303.
35. Bhutta ZA. Impact of age and drug resistance on mortality in typhoid fever. Arch Dis Child 1996; 75 : 214-217.
36. Lim PL, Tam FC, Cheong YM, Jegathesan M. One-step 2-minute test to detect typhoidspecific antibodies based on particle separation in tubes. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 2271-2278.
37. Rao PS, Prasad SV, Arunkumar G, Shivananda PG. Salmonella typhi Vi antigen coagglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever. Indian J Med Sci 1999; 53: 7-9.
38. Sharma M, Datta U, Roy P, Verma S, Sehgal S. Low sensitivity of counter-current immunoelectrophoresis for serodiagnosis of typhoid fever. J Med Microbiol 1997; 46: 1039-1042.
39. Pandya M, Pillai P, Deb M. Rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever by detection of Barber protein and Vi antigen of Salmonella serotype typhi. J Med Microbiol 1995; 43:185-188.
40. Chaicumpa W, Ruangkunaporn Y, Burr D, Chongsa-Nguan M, Echeverria P. Diagnosis of typhoid fever by detection of Salmonella typhi antigen in urine. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 2513-2515.
41. Song JH, Cho H, Park MY, Na DS, Moon HB, Pai CH. Detection of Salmonella typhi in the blood of patients with typhoid fever by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:1439-1443.
42. Sanchez-Jimenez MM, Cardona-Castro N. Validation of a PCR for diagnosis of typhoid fever and salmonellosis by amplification of the hilA gene in clinical samples from Colombian patients. J Med Microbiol 2004; 53: 875-878.
43. Cocolin L, Manzano M, Astori G, Botta GA, Cantoni C, Comi G. A highly sensitive and fast non-radioactive method for the detection of polymerase chain reaction products from Salmonella serovars, such as Salmonella typhi, in blood specimens. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1998; 22: 233-239.
44. Chaudhry R, Laxmi BV, Nisar N, Ray K, Kumar D. Standardisation of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Salmonella typhi in typhoid fever. J Clin Pathol 1997; 50: 437-439.
45. Zhu Q, Lim CK, Chan YN. Detection of Salmonella typhi by polymerase chain reaction. J Appl Bacteriol 1996; 80: 244-251.
46. Hashimoto Y, Itho Y, Fujinaga Y, Khan AQ, Sultana F, Miyake M, et al. Ezaki T. Development of nested PCR based on the ViaB sequence to detect Salmonella typhi. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 775-777.
47. Hirose K, Itoh K, Nakajima H, Kurazono T, Yamaguchi M, Moriya K, et al. Selective amplification of tyv (rfbE), prt (rfbS), viaB, and fliC genes by multiplex PCR for identification of Salmonella enterica serovars typhi and Paratyphi A. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 633-636.
48. Haque A, Ahmed N, Peerzada A, Raza A, Bashir S, Abbas G. Utility of PCR in diagnosis of problematic cases of typhoid. Jpn J Infect Dis 2001; 54: 237-239.
49. Massi MN, Shirakawa T, Gotoh A, Bishnu A, Hatta M, Kawabata M. Quantitative detection of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi from blood of suspected typhoid fever patients by real-time PCR. Int J Med Microbiol 2005; 295:117-120.
50. Prakash P, Mishra OP, Singh AK, Gulati AK, Nath G. Evaluation of nested PCR in diagnosis of typhoid fever. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 431-432.