Early-life origins of the race gap in men's mortality

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Volumn 47, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 209-226

  Warner, David F ^a,c   Hayward, Mark D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750327460     PISSN: 00221465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/002214650604700302     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Amato, Paul R. and Alan Booth. 1997. A Generation at Risk: Growing Up in an Era of Family Upheaval. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2. Anderson, Robert N. 1999. "United States Life Tables, 1997." Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
3. Barker, David J. P. 1998. Mothers, Babies, and Health in Later Life. London, England: Churchill Livingstone.
4. Barker, David J. P. 1999. "Early Growth and Cardiovascular Disease." Archives of Disease in Childhood 80:305.
5. Ben-Shlomo, Yoav and Diana Kuh. 2002. "A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Conceptual Models, Empirical Challenges and Interdisciplinary Perspectives." International Journal of Epidemiology 31:285.
6. Blackwell, Debra, Mark D. Hayward, and Eileen M. Crimmins. 2001. "Does Childhood Health Affect Chronic Morbidity in Later Life?" Social Science and Medicine 52:1269-84.
7. Blane, D., Carole L. Hart, George Davey Smith, C. R. Gillis, D. J. Hole, and V. M. Hawthorne. 1996. "Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors with Socioeconomic Position During Childhood and During Adulthood." British Medical Journal 313:1434-38.
8. Buck, C. and H. Simpson. 1982. "Infant Diarrhea and Subsequent Mortality from Heart Disease and Cancer." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 36:27-30.
9. Cherlin, Andrew J. 1992. Marriage, Divorce and Remarriage. Rev. ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10. Claussen, B., G. D. Smith, and D. Thelle. 2003. "Impact of Childhood and Adulthood Socioeconomic Position on Cause Specific Mortality: The Oslo Mortality Study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 57:40-45.
11. Clogg, Clifford C., Eva Petkova, and Adamantios Haritou. 1995. "Statistical Models for Comparing Regression Coefficients between Models." American Journal of Sociology 100:1261-93.
12. Coggon, D., David J. P. Barker, H. Inskip, and G. Wield. 1993. "Housing in Early Life and Later Mortality." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 47:345-48.
13. Crimmins, Eileen M. and Yasuhiko Saito. 2001. "Trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in the United States, 1970-1990: Gender, Racial, and Socioeconomic Differences." Social Science and Medicine 52:1629-1641.
14. Dedman, D. J., D. J. Gunnell, G. Davey Smith, and S. Frankel. 2001. "Childhood Housing Conditions and Later Mortality in the Boyd Orr Cohort." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 55:10-15.
15. Elder, Glen H., Jr. 1999. Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experiences. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
16. Elo, Irma T. 2001. "New African American Life Tables from 1935-1940 to 1985-1990." Demography 38:97-114.
17. Elo, Irma T. and Samuel H. Preston. 1992. "Effects of Early-Life Conditions on Adult Mortality: A Review." Population Index 58:186-212.
18. Farkas, George, Paula England, Keven Vicknair, and Barbara Stanek Kilbourne. 1997. "Cognitive Skill, Skill Demands of Jobs, and Earnings among Young European American, African American, and Mexican American Workers." Social Forces 75:913-38.
19. Ferraro, Kenneth F. and Melissa M. Farmer. 1996. "Double Jeopardy to Health Hypothesis for African Americans: Analysis and Critique." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 37:27-43.
20. Gunnell, D. J., S. Frankel, K. Nanchahal, F. E. M. Braddon, and G. Davey Smith. 1996. "Life-course Exposure and Later Disease: A Follow-up Study Based on a Survey of Family Diet and Health in Pre-War Britain (1937-1939)" Public Health 110:85-94.
21. Hayward, Mark D., Eileen M. Crimmins, Toni P. Miles, and Yang Yu. 2000. "The Significance of Socioeconomic Status in Explaining the Racial Gap in Chronic Health Conditions." American Sociological Review 65:910-30.
22. Hayward, Mark D., Samantha Friedman, and Hsinmu Chen. 1996. "Race Inequities in Men's Retirement." Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 51:S1-S10.
23. _. 1998. "Career Trajectories and Older Men's Retirement." Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 53B:S91-S103.
24. Hayward, Mark D. and Bridget Gorman. 2004. "The Long Arm of Childhood: The Influence of Early-Life Social Conditions on Men's Mortality." Demography 41:87-107.
25. Hayward, Mark D. and Melonie Heron. 1999. "Racial Inequality in Active Life among Adult Americans." Demography 36:77-91.
26. Hayward, Mark D., Amy Pienta, and Diane K. McLaughlin. 1997. "Inequality in Men's Mortality: The Socioeconomic Status Gradient and Geographic Context." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 38:213-34.
27. Hertzman, Clyde, John Frank, and Robert G. Evans. 1994. "Heterogeneities in Health Status and the Determinants of Population Health." Pp. 67-92 in Why Are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations, edited by R. G. Evans, M. L. Barer, and T. R. Marmor. New York: Aldine DeGruyter.
28. Holland, P., L. Berney, D. Blane, G. Davey Smith, and D. J. Gunnell. 2000. "Life Course Accumulation of Disadvantage: Childhood Health and Hazard Exposure During Adulthood." Social Science and Medicine 50:1285-95.
29. House, James, S., James M. Lepkowski, Ann M. Kinney, Richard P. Mero, Ronald C. Kessler, and A. Regula Herzog. 1994. "The Social Stratification of Aging and Health." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 35:213-34.
30. Kitagawa, Evelyn M. and Philip M. Hauser. 1973. Differential Mortality in the United States: A Study in Socioeconomic Epidemiology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
31. Kochanek, Kenneth D., Sherry L. Murphy, Robert N. Anderson, and Chester Scott. 2004. "Deaths: Final Data for 2002." National Vital Statistics Reports 53.
32. Kuh, Diana and Ben Ben-Shlomo. 1997. A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press.
33. Kuh, Diana, Rebecca Hardy, Claudia Langenberg, Marcus Richards, and Michael E. J. Wadsworth. 2002. "Mortality in Adults Aged 26-54 Years Related to Socioeconomic Conditions in Childhood and Adulthood: Post War Birth Cohort Study." British Medical Journal 325:1076.
34. Kuh, Diana, Chris Power, David Blane, and Mel Bartley. 1997. "Social Pathways between Childhood and Adult Health." Pp. 169-98 in A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, edited by D. Kuh and Y. Ben-Shlomo. New York: Oxford University Press.
35. Kuh, Diana and George Davey Smith. 1997. "The Life Course and Adult Chronic Disease: An Historical Perspective with Particular Reference to Coronary Heart Disease." Pp. 15-41 in A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, edited by D. Kuh and B. Ben-Shlomo. New York: Oxford University Press.
36. Leon, David and Yoav Ben-Shlomo. 1997. "Preadult Influences on Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer." Pp. 45-77 in A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, edited by D. Kuh and Y. Ben-Shlomo. New York: Oxford University Press.
37. Lillard, Lee A. and Linda J. Waite. 1995. "'Til Death Do Us Part: Marital Disruption and Mortality." American Journal of Sociology 100:1131-56.
38. Link, Bruce G. and Jo Phelan. 1995. "Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 36(Extra Issue):80-94.
39. Lundberg, Olle. 1993. "The Impact of Childhood Living Conditions on Illness and Mortality in Adulthood." Social Science and Medicine 36:1047-52.
40. Lynch, John W., George A. Kaplan, Richard D. Cohen, Jussi Kauhanen, Thoman W. Wilson, Nicholas L. Smith, and Jukka T. Salonen. 1994. "Childhood and Adult Socioeconomic Status as Predictors of Mortality in Finland." The Lancet 343:524-27.
41. Lynch, John W., George A. Kaplan, and Jukka T. Salonen. 1997. "Why Do Poor People Behave Poorly? Variation in Adult Health Behaviours and Psychosocial Characteristics by Stages of the Socioeconomic Lifecourse." Social Science and Medicine 44:809-19.
42. Marmot, Michael G., H. Bosma, H. Hemingway, E. Brunner, and S. Stansfeld. 1997a. "Contribution of Job Control and Other Risk Factors to Social Variations in Coronary Heart Disease Incidence." Lancet 350:235-39.
43. Marmot, Michael G., Carol D. Ryff, Larry L. Bumpass, Martin Shipley, and Nadine F. Marks. 1997b. "Social Inequalities in Health: Next Questions and Convergence Evidence." Social Science and Medicine 44:910-10.
44. Marmot, M. G. and M. J. Shipley. 1996. "Do Socioeconomic Differences in Mortality Persist after Retirement? 25 Year Follow up of Civil Servants from the First Whitehall Study." British Medical Journal 313:1177-80.
45. Martyn, C. N., D. J. P. Barker, and C. Osmond. 1996. "Mothers' Pelvic Size, Fetal Growth, and Death from Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease in Men in the UK." The Lancet 348:1264.
46. Mathews, J. D., S. Whittingham, and I. R. Mackay. 1974. "Autoimmune Mechanisms in Human Vascular Disease." Lancet 2:1423-27.
47. Mheen, H. van de, K. Stronks, C. W. N. Looman, and J. P. Mackenbach. 1998. "Does Childhood Socioeconomic Status Influence Adult Health through Behavioural Factors?" International Journal of Epidemiology 27:431.
48. Miller, Ann R., Donald J. Treiman, Pamela S. Cain, and Patrica A. Roos. 1980. Work, Jobs, and Occupations: A Critical Review of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
49. Moore, David E. and Mark D. Hayward. 1990. "Occupational Careers and Mortality of Elderly Men." Demography 27:31-53.
50. Mulatu, Mesfin Samuel and Carmi Schooler. 2002. "Causal Connections between Socio-Economic Status and Health: Reciprocal Effects and Mediating Mechanisms." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 43:22-41.
51. National Center for Health Statistics. 2001. "Health, United States, 2001, with Urban and Rural Health Chartbook." DHHD Publication No. (PHS) 01-1232. Hyattsville, MD.
52. Oliver, Melvin L. and Thomas M. Shapiro. 1997. Black Wealth/White Wealth. New York: Routledge.
53. O'Rand, Angela M. 2001. "Stratification and the Life Course." Pp. 197-213 in Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, 5th ed., edited by R. K. Binstock and L. K. George. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
54. O'Rand, Angela M. and John C. Henretta. 1999. Age and Inequality: Diverse Pathways through Later Life. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
55. Paunio, M., O. P. Heinonen, M. Virtanen, P. Leinikki, A. Patja, and H. Peltola. 2000. "Measles History and Atopic Diseases: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of the American Medical Association 283:343-46.
56. Perry, Ivan J. 1997. "Fetal Growth and Development: The Role of Nutrition and Other Factors." Pp. 145-68 in A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, edited by D. Kuh and Y. Ben-Shlomo. New York: Oxford University Press.
57. Pienta, Amy, Mark D. Hayward, and Kristi Rahrig Jenkins. 2000. "Patterns of Health and Marriage in Later Life." Journal of Family Issues 21:559-86.
58. Power, Chris, Orly Manor, and Sharon Matthews. 1999. "The Duration and Timing of Exposure: Effects of Socioeconomic Environment on Adult Health." American Journal of Public Health 89:1059-65.
59. Power, Chris and C. Peckham. 1990. "Childhood Morbidity and Adulthood Ill Health." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 44:69-74.
60. Preston, Samuel H. and Michael R. Haines. 1991. Fatal Years: Child Mortality in Late Nineteenth Century America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
61. Preston, Samuel H., Mark E. Hill, and Greg L. Drevenstedt. 1998. "Childhood Conditions That Predict Survival to Advanced Ages among African-Americans." Social Science and Medicine 47:1231-46.
62. Preston, Samuel H. and Paul Taubman. 1994. "Socioeconomic Differences in Adult Mortality and Health Status." Pp. 279-318 in Demography of Aging, edited by L. G. Martin and S. H. Preston. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
63. Rahkonen, Ossi, Eero Lahelma, and Minna Huuhka. 1997. "Past or Present? Childhood Living Conditions and Current Socioeconomic Status as Determinants of Adult Health." Social Science and Medicine 44:327-36.
64. Rogers, Richard G., Robert A. Hummer, and Charles B. Nam. 2000. Living and Dying in the USA. New York: Academic Press.
65. Ross, Catherine E. and Chai-ling Wu. 1996. "Education, Age, and the Cumulative Advantage in Health." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 37:104-20.
66. Schwartz, J. E., H. S. Friedman, J. S. Tucker, C. Tomlinson-Keasey, D. L. Wingard, and M. H. Criqui. 1995. "Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Factors in Childhood as Predictors of Adult Mortality." American Journal of Public Health 85:1237-45.
67. Smith, James P. 1997. "Wealth Inequality among Older Americans." Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 52B:S74-S81.
68. Smith, James P. and Raynard Kington. 1997. "Demographic and Economic Correlates of Health in Old Age." Demography 34:159-70.
69. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 2000. "Table a-2. Percent of People 25 Years Old and over Who Have Completed High School or College, by Race, Hispanic Origin and Sex: Selected Years 1940 to 2000." Vol. 2002.
70. Williams, David R. and Chiquita Collins. 1995. "U.S. Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations." Annual Review of Sociology 21:349-86.
71. Williams, David R. and Colwick M. Wilson. 2001. "Race, Ethnicity, and Aging." Pp. 160-78 in Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, 5th ed., edited by R. K. Binstock and L. K. George. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
72. Winkleby, Marilyn A., Darius E. Jatulis, Erica Frank, and Stephen P. Fortmann. 1992. "Socioeconomic Status and Health: How Education, Income, and Occupation Contribute to Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease." American Journal of Public Health 82:816-20.