Ecological half-lives of 90Sr and 137Cs in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

Volumn 91, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 41-72

  Prohl G ^a   Ehlken, S ^b   Fiedler, I ^a   Kirchner, G ^b   Klemt, E ^c   Zibold, G ^c  

^a INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES RAVENSBURG WEINGARTEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

137Cs; 90Sr; Ecological half life; Ecosystem

Indexed keywords

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGICAL HALF LIFE; RADIOSTRONTIUM;

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING; EROSION; LEACHING; MARINE BIOLOGY; RADIOISOTOPES; STATISTICAL METHODS;

ECOSYSTEMS;

CESIUM 137; RADIOISOTOPE; STRONTIUM 90;

CESIUM ISOTOPE; HALF LIFE; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SOIL ECOSYSTEM; STRONTIUM ISOTOPE;

ARTICLE; DATA ANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL EROSION; ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY; FALLOUT; FOOD; FOREST; HALF LIFE TIME; LEACHING; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION;

ANIMALS; CESIUM RADIOISOTOPES; CROPS, AGRICULTURAL; ECOSYSTEM; EUROPE; FOOD ANALYSIS; FRESH WATER; HALF-LIFE; SOIL; STRONTIUM RADIOISOTOPES;

EID: 33750056066     PISSN: 0265931X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.08.004     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Aarkrog, A., Botter-Jensen, L., Chen Qing Jiang, Clausen, J., Dahlgaard, H., Hansen, H., Holm, E., Lauridsen, B., Nielsen, S.P., Strandberg, M., Sogaard-Hansen, J., February 1995. Environmental Radioactivity in Denmark in 1992 and 1993. Riso-R-756(EN). Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde.
2. 137Cs from soil to vegetation and to grazing lambs in a mountain area in northern Sweden. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 52 (2001) 45-66
3. 137Cs content in agricultural food products produced in Russia contaminated after the Chernobyl accident. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 76 (1998) 169-178
4. BMI (Bundesministerium des Inneren), Umweltradioaktivität und Strahlenbelastung. Jahresberichte 1972-1985, Bonn.
5. BMBW (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Wissenschaft), Juli 1970. Zusammenfassender Bericht über die Umweltüberwachung 1956 bis 1968. Schriftenreihe Kernforschung 2, Bonn.
6. BMU (Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit), Umweltradioaktivität und Strahlenbelastung. Jahresberichte 1985-1986, 1991-1993, 1997-1999, Bonn.
7. Brown J., and Simmonds J.R. FARMLAND: A Dynamic Model for the Transfer of Radionuclides Through Terrestrial Foodchains. Report NRPB-R273 (1995), National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, UK
8. 134,137Cs radionuclides in the soil and uptake by plants in German spruce forests. Radiochimica Acta 66/67 (1994) 373-380
9. Carini F., Atkinson C.J., Collins C., Coughtrey P.J., Eged K., Fulker M., Green N., Kinnersley R., Linkov I., Mitchell N.G., Mourlon C., Ould-Dada Z., Quinault J.M., Robles B., Stewart A., Sweeck L., and Venter A. Modelling and experimental studies on the transfer of radionuclides to fruit. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 84 (2005) 271-284
10. Cobelli C., and Ruggeri A. Evaluation of alternative model structures of metabolic systems: two case studies on model identification and validation. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 20 (1982) 444-450
11. Cremers A., Elsen A., De Preter P., and Maes A. Quantitative analysis of radiocaesium retention in soils. Nature 335 (1988) 247-249
12. Dixon W.J., Brown M.B., Engelman L., and Jennrich J.I. BMDP Statistical Software, 1990 Revision (1990), University of California Press, Berkeley
13. 137Cs in Lake Lugano. Aquatic Sciences 54 3/4 (1992) 238-255
14. Drissner, J., Flügel, V., Klemt, E., Miller, R., Schick, G., Zibold, G., 1996. Transfer of radiocesium in prealpine forest ecosystems. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ionizing Radiation "Protection of the Natural Environment", Stockholm, Schweden, pp. 218-223.
15. 137Cs in the Black Sea after the Chernobyl NPP accident: inventories, balance and tracer applications. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 43 (1999) 137-155
16. Ehlken S., and Kirchner G. Environmental processes affecting plant root uptake of radioactive trace elements and variability of transfer factor data: a review. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 58 (2002) 97-112
17. Ehlken S., and Kirchner G. Seasonal variations in soil-to-grass transfer of fallout strontium and cesium and of potassium in North German soils. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 33 (1996) 147-181
18. In: Ehrhardt J., and Weis A. (Eds). RODOS: Decision Support System for Off-Site Nuclear Emergency Management in Europe (2000), European Commission, Luxembourg. 92-828-9773-7 Report 19144 EN
19. EU REM Database at the Joint Research Centre at Ispra, 2001. http://rem.jrc.cec.eu.int/remdb.html, Online Services, REMdb; s.a. Environmental Radioactivity in the European Community. Radiation Protection No. 126.
20. 137Cs activity concentrations in the long term after the accident in the Chernobyl NPP. Radiation Biology and Radioecology 44 (2004) 35-49
21. Fielitz, U., 1992. Ausbreitung und Transfer von Radiocaesium entlang des Pfades Boden-Pflanze-Reh in zwei unterschiedlichen Ökosystemen. Dissertation Universität Göttingen.
22. Fielitz U. Nahrungsspektrum von Reh und Wildschwein im Bayerischen Wald. In: Hecht H., and Honikel K.O. (Eds). Radiocäsium in Wald und Wild (1997), Bundesanstalt für Fleischforschung, Kulmbach 65-75
23. Fielitz, U., 2001. Überprüfung von Ökosystemen nach Tschernobyl hinsichtlich der Strahlenbelastung der Bevölkerung. Abschlußbericht zum Forschungsvorhaben St. Sch. 4206 im Auftrag des BMU.
24. Fielitz, U., 2002a. Untersuchungen zum Verhalten von Radiocäsium in Wildschweinen und anderen Biomedien des Waldes. Zwischenbericht zum Forschungsvorhaben St. Sch. 4324 im Auftrag des BMU.
25. Fielitz, U., 2002b. Personal communication.
26. Gering F., Weiss W., Wirth W., Jacob P., Müller H., and Pröhl G. Assessment and evaluation of the radiological situation in the late phase of a nuclear accident. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 109 (2004) 25-29
27. Gerzabek M.H., Strebl F., Ehlken S., and Kirchner G. Radioactivity in the soil-plant system. In: Benbi D.K., and Nieder R. (Eds). Handbook of Processes and Modeling in the Soil-Plant System (2003), The Haworth Press, New York 149-175
28. Håkanson J., Sazykina T.G., and Kryshev I.I. A general approach to transform a lake model for one radionuclide to another and critical model tests using data for four Ural lakes contaminated by the fallout from the Kyshtym accident in 1957. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 60 3 (2002) 319-350
29. Hays W.L., and Winkler R.L. Statistics: Probability, Influence and Decision vol. II (1970), Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York
30. Hecht H. Long time trends of the radiocaesium contamination of venison in Germany after the Chernobyl accident. In: Winter M., and Wicke A. (Eds). Umweltradioaktivität Radioökologie Strahlenwirkungen (1993), Verlag TÜV Rheinland 738-743
31. Helsinki Commission, 1995. Radioactivity in the Baltic Sea. In: Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings 61.
32. Hoffman, F.O., Baes, C.W., 1979. A statistical analysis of selected parameters for predicting food chain transport and internal dose of radionuclides. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Report NUREG/CR 1004, Washington.
33. IAEA. Modelling the migration and accumulation of radionuclides in forest ecosystems. Report of the Forestworking Group of BIOMASS Theme 3 (2002). 92-0-114902-6 Vienna, pp. 111-117
34. IAEA, 2000. Modelling of the transfer of radiocaesium from deposition to lake ecosystems. IAEA-TECDOC-1143, IAEA, Vienna.
35. ICRP. Age-Dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 2 Ingestion Dose Coefficients. Annals of the ICRP vol. 23/3-4 (1994) Publication 67
36. 137Cs distribution in the soil and a comparison of Cs soil inventory with precipitation-determined deposition. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 55 (2001) 47-59
37. Kaminski S., Konoplev A., Lindner G., and Schröder H.G. Lake Constance, Characterization of an ecosystem in transition. Archives of Hydrobiology Special Issues in Advanced Limnology 53 (1998) 365-405
38. Kaminski S., Richter T., Walser M., and Lindner G. Redissolution of caesium radionuclides from sediments of freshwater lakes due to biological degradation of organic matter. Radiochimica Acta 66/67 (1994) 433-436
39. Kanisch, G., 2002. Bundesanstalt für Fischerei, Germany, personal communication.
40. Kiefer P., Pröhl G., Müller H., Lindner G., Drissner J., and Zibold G. Factors affecting the transfer of radiocaesium from soil to roe deer in forest ecosystems of Southern Germany. The Science of the Total Environment 192 (1996) 49-61
41. Kirchner G., and Noack C. Core history and nuclide inventory of the Chernobyl core at the time of the accident. Nuclear Safety 29 (1988) 1-5
42. Kirchner G. Transport of iodine and cesium via the grass-cow-milk pathway after the Chernobyl accident. Health Physics 66 (1994) 653-665
43. Klemt E., Drissner J., Flügel V., Kaminski S., Lindner G., Walser M., and Zibold G. Bioavailability of cesium radionuclides in prealpine forests and lakes. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 54 (1996) 267-274
44. Klemt E., Drissner J., Kaminski S., Miller R., and Zibold G. Time-dependency of the bioavailability of radiocaesium in lakes and forests. In: Linkov I., and Schell W.R. (Eds). Contaminated Forests (1999), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands 95-101
45. Klemt, E., Zibold, G., 2003. Datenerhebung zur Radiocäsium-Kontamination im Jahr 2002. Abschlußbericht zum Forschungsvorhaben Nr. 9008714/32 im Auftrag des MUF-BW.
46. Kreuzer W., and Hecht H. Radioactivity in Bavarian game from the reactor accident at Chernobyl. Archiv für Lebensmittelhygiene 39 (1988) 57-84
47. Kryshev, I., 2002. TYPHOON, Obninsk, Russia, personal communication.
48. Lembrechts J.F., Stoutjesdijk J.F., van Ginkel J.H., and Noordijk H. Soil to grass transfer of radionuclides: local variations and fluctuations as a function of time. In: Desmet G., Nassimbeni P., and Belli M. (Eds). Transfer of Radionuclides in Natural and Semi-Natural Environments (1990), Elsevier Applied Ecology Group, London, New York 524-531
49. Lindner G., Drissner J., Herrmann T., Hund M., Zech W., Zibold G., and Zimmerer R. Seasonal and regional variations in the transfer of cesium radionuclides from soil to roe deer and plants in a prealpine forest. The Science of the Total Environment 157 (1994) 189-196
50. Mangini A., Christian U., Barth M., Schmitz W., and Stabel H.H. In: Tilzer M.M., and Serruya C. (Eds). Large Lakes, Ecological Structure and Function (1990), Springer Verlag, Berlin S.245-S.264
51. Monte L., Baldini E., Battella C., Fratarcangeli S., and Pompei F. Modelling the radionuclide balance in some water bodies of central Italy. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 37 (1997) 269-285
52. 90Sr in lake Uruskul, Southern Urals. Russian Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 62 1 (2002) 61-74
53. Mück, K., November 1995. Langzeitfolgedosis nach großräumiger Kontamination. Abschlußbericht, OEFZS-A-3605, Seibersdorf Report. Seibersdorf (Austria).
54. Mück K. Long-term effective decrease of caesium concentration in foodstuffs after nuclear fallout. Health Physics 72 (1997) 659-673
55. Müller H., and Pröhl G. ECOSYS-87: a dynamic model for assessing radiological consequences of nuclear accidents. Health Physics 64 (1993) 232-252
56. Pietrzak-Flis Z., Krajewski P., Krajewska G., and Sunderland N.R. Transfer of radiocaesium from different uncultivated soils to grass after the Chernobyl accident. The Science of the Total Environment 141 (1994) 147-153
57. Pinder III J.E., and Smith M.H. Frequency distributions of radiocesium concentrations in soils and biota. In: Howell F.G., Gentry J.B., and Smith M.H. (Eds). Mineral Cycling in Southeastern Ecosystems (1975), United States Energy Research and Development Administration, Washington 107-125
58. 90Sr behavior in a soil-plant system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research Special Issue 1 (2003) 126-136
59. 137Cs in terrestrischen und aquatischen Ökosystemen. Abschlussbericht St. Sch. 4276, Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz.
60. 137Cs in Elaphomyces granulatus fr. and its transfer to wild boar. In: Mitchell N., Licina V., and Zibold G. (Eds). XXXIII ESNA Conference Proceedings 27-31 August 2003, Viterbo, Italy, Working Group 3. Soil-to-Plant-Relationships, 1611-9223 (2003) 1-5 (Weingarten)
61. Ringer, W., 2005. Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH, Strahlenschutz, Linz, Austria, personal communication.
62. Sanzharova N.I., Fesenko S.V., Kotik V.A., and Spiridonov S.I. Behaviour of radionuclides in meadows and efficiency of countermeasures. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 64 (1996) 43-48
63. Santschi P.H., Bollhalder S., Zingg S., Lück A., and Farrenkothen A. The self-cleaning capacity of surface waters after radioactive fallout. Evidence from European waters after Chernobyl 1986-1988. Environmental Science and Technology 24 4 (1990) 519-527
64. Schönhofer F., and Tataruch F. Rotwildgeweihe - ein Indikator für die Umweltbelastung durch Sr-90. In: Honikel H.O., and Hecht H. (Eds). Conference 23-24 June 1992, St. Oswald. Radiocäsium in Wald und Wild (1993), Bundesanstalt für Fleischforschung Kulmbach, pp. 138-152
65. Schönhofer, F., Tataruch, F., 1988. Contamination of game in Austria after the Chernobyl accident. In: ESNA XIX Proceedings, pp. 53-86.
66. Schwind, K.-H., 2002. Bundesanstalt für Fleischforschung, Germany, Persönliche Mitteilung.
67. Smith, J.T., Konoplev, A.V., Bulgakov, A.A., Comans, R.N.J., Cross, M.A., Kaminski, S., Khristuk, B., Klemt, E., De Koning, A., Kudelsky, A.V., Laptev, G., Madruga, M.-J., Voitsekhovitch, O., Zibold, G., 2001. In Final Report: Aquifers and Surface Waters in the Chernobyl area: Observations and Predictive Evaluation. Project IC15 CT98-0205.
68. 137Cs in terrestrial and aquatic systems: a whole ecosystem approach. Environmental Science and Technology 33 (1999) 49-54
69. Smith J.T., Comans R.N.J., and Elder D.G. Radiocaesium removal from European Lakes and reservoirs: key processes determined from 16 Chernobyl-contaminated lakes. Water Research 33 (1999) 3762-3774
70. Smith J., Leonard D., Hilton J., and Appleby P. Towards a generalized model for the primary and secondary contamination of lakes by Chernobyl-derived radiocesium. Health Physics 72 (1997) 880-892
71. 137Cs retention in the water column of lakes in the English Lake District, two years and four years after deposition. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 19 (1993) 213-232
72. Squire H.M., and Middleton L.J. Behaviour of caesium 137 in soils and pastures. A long term experiment. Radiation Botany 6 (1966) 413-423
73. Squire H.M. Long term studies of strontium 90 in soils and pastures. Radiation Botany 6 (1966) 49-67
74. 137Cs migration in soils and its transfer to roe deer in an Austrian forest stand. The Science of the Total Environment 181 (1996) 237-247
75. Strebl F., Ringer W., and Gerzabek M.H. Radiocaesium contamination of meadow vegetation - time-dependent variability and influence of soil characteristics at grassland sites in Austria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 58 (2002) 143-161
76. Tataruch F., and Schönhofer F. Der Verlauf der Cäsiumbelastung von Rehwild in Niederösterreich von 1986 bis 1992. In: Honikel H.O., and Hecht H. (Eds). Conference 23-24 June 1992, St. Oswald. Radiocäsium in Wald und Wild (1993), Bundesanstalt für Fleischforschung, Kulmbach 153-159
77. Tataruch F., Schönhofer F., and Klansek E. Studies in levels of radioactivity in wildlife in Austria. In: Desmet G., Nassimbeni P., and Belli M. (Eds). Transfer of Radionuclides in Natural and Semi-Natural Environments (1990), Elsevier, Amsterdam 210-216
78. Tataruch F., Schönhofer F., and Onderscheka K. Untersuchungen zur radioaktiven Belastung der Wilkdtiere in Österreichische. Zeitschrift Jagdwissenschaft 34 (1988) 22-35
79. Tataruch, F., 2000. Personal communication.
80. Thiessen K.M., Thorne M.C., Maul P.R., Pröhl G., and Wheater H.S. Modelling radionuclide distribution and transport in the environment. Environmental Pollution 100 (1999) 151-177
81. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 2000. Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation. Report to the General Assembly.
82. Zibold G., Geissler A., Kissling S., Niebuhr J., and Wilhelm C. Radiocesium in roe deer from the South of W-Germany. Proceedings of XV Regional Congress of IRPA, Visby, Gotland, Sweden. The Radioecology of Natural and Artificial Radionuclides (1989), Verlag TÜV Reinland GmbH, Köln 268-273
83. Zibold G., Drissner J., Kaminski S., Klemt E., and Miller R. Time-dependence of the radiocaesium contamination of roe deer: measurement and modelling. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 55 (2001) 5-27
84. 137Cs activity concentration in freshwater lakes, measurement and prediction. In: Proceedings of the international congress on the radioecology of continental and estuarine environments. Radioprotection - Colloques 37 C1 (2002) 75-80
85. 90Sr in forest and freshwater ecosystems. In: Barescut J.C., Gariel J.C., and Péres J.M. (Eds). Proceedings of ECORAD Conference 2004, Aix, France. Radioprotection 40 (2005) S497-S502
86. Zibold G., Klemt E., and Putyrskaya V. Seasonality of the Radiocaesium Contamination of Roe Deer from Southern Germany in the Years 1987 to 2005. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Radioactivity in the Environment (2005). 82-90362-21-8 345-348