Environmental impact of genetically modified cotton in South Africa

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

Volumn 117, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 277-289

  Morse, Stephen ^a   Bennett, Richard ^a   Ismael, Yousouf ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cotton; Environmental impact; Genetic modification; Insecticides; South Africa

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS; ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE; COTTON; CROP YIELD; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GROWING SEASON; INSECTICIDE; LARVA; MOTH; PEST RESISTANCE; PEST SPECIES;

AFRICA; KWAZULU-NATAL; MAKHATHINI FLATS; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM; HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA; INSECTA; LEPIDOPTERA;

EID: 33750033235     PISSN: 01678809     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.009     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Arends-Kuenning M., and Makundi F. Agricultural biotechnology for developing countries - prospects and policies. Am. Behav. Sci. 44 3 (2000) 318-349
2. Bennett R., Buthelezi T.J., Ismael Y., and Morse S. Bt cotton, pesticides, labour and health. A case study of smallholder farmers in the Makhathini Flats, Republic of South Africa. Outlook Agric. 32 2 (2003) 123-128
3. Bennett R., Morse S., and Ismael Y. The economic impact of genetically modified cotton on South African smallholders: yield, profit and health effects. J. Dev. Stud. 42 4 (2006) 662-677
4. Betz F.S., Hammond B.G., and Fuchs R.L. Safety and advantages of Bacillus thuringiensis-protected plants to control insect pests. Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 32 2 (2000) 156-173
5. Carriere K., Dennehy T.J., Pedersen B., Haller S., Ellers-Kirk C., Antilla L., Liu Y.B., Willott E., and Tabashnik B.E. Large-scale management of insect resistance to transgenic cotton in Arizona: can transgenic insecticidal crops be sustained?. J. Econ. Entomol. 94 2 (2001) 315-325
6. Cotton South Africa, 2002. Cotton in the Republic of South Africa. Available at: http://www.cottonsa.co.za.
7. Ellis F., Kutengule M., and Nyasulu A. Livelihoods and rural poverty reduction in Malawi. World Dev. 31 9 (2003) 1495-1510
8. Forrester N.W. Use of Bacillus thuringiensis in integrated control, especially on cotton pests. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 49 1 (1994) 77-83
9. Frans R. Sustainability of high-input cropping systems: the role of IPM. FAO Plant Protect. Bull. 41 3-4 (1993) 161-170
10. Freebairn D.K. Did the Green Revolution concentrate incomes? A quantitative study of research reports. World Dev. 23 2 (1995) 265-279
11. Gallivan G.J., Surgeoner G.A., and Kovach J. Pesticide risk reduction on crops in the Province of Ontario. J. Environ. Qual. 30 3 (2001) 798-813
12. Gonzalez-Cabrera J., Escriche B., Tabashnik B.E., and Ferre J. Binding of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in resistant and susceptible strains of pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella). Insect Biochem. Mol. 33 9 (2003) 929-935
13. Halpin C. Gene stacking in transgenic plants - the challenge for 21st century plant biotechnology. Plant Biotech. J. 3 (2005) 141-155
14. Huang J.K., Hu R.F., Rozelle S., Qiao F.B., and Pray C.E. Transgenic varieties and productivity for smallholder cotton farmers in China. Aust. J. Agric. Resour. Econ. 46 3 (2002) 367-387
15. Huang J.K., Hu R.F., Pray C., Qiao F.B., and Rozelle S. Biotechnology as an alternative to chemical pesticides: a case study of Bt cotton in China. Agric. Econ. 29 1 (2003) 55-67
16. Ismael Y., Bennett R., and Morse S. Farm-level economic impact of biotechnology: smallholder Bt cotton farmers in South Africa. Outlook Agric. 31 2 (2002) 107-111
17. Ismael Y., Bennett R., and Morse S. Benefits from Bt cotton use by smallholder farmers in South Africa. AgBioForum 5 1 (2002) 1-5
18. Ives A.R., and Andow D.A. Evolution of resistance to Bt crops: directional selection in structured environments. Ecol. Lett. 5 6 (2002) 792-801
19. James, C., 2002. Global review of commercialised transgenic crops featuring Bt cotton. ISAA Brief No. 26. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications, Ithaca, USA.
20. Jansen D.M., Stoorvogel J.J., and Schipper R.A. Using sustainability indicators in agricultural land use analysis: an example from Costa Rica. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 43 (1995) 61-82
21. Kovach, J., Petzoldt, C., Degni, J., Tette, J., undated. A method to measure the environmental impact of pesticides. New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, online publications. Available at: http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publications/eiq/.
22. Lan Z., and Scherm H. Reduced midseason pesticide program for control of scab and plum curculio in peach. Plant Dis. 87 6 (2003) 699-706
23. Lehmann V. Biotechnology in the Rockefeller Foundation's new course of action. Biotechnol. Dev. Monit. 44-45 (2001) 15-19
24. Levitan L., Merwin I., and Kovack J. Assessing the relative environmental impacts of agricultural pesticides: the quest for a holistic method. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 55 (1995) 153-168
25. Mackey M.A. The developing world benefits from plant biotechnology. J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. 35 4 (2003) 210-214
26. Mayer, S., 2003. Genetic modification - making cotton more sustainable? Soil Association Briefing Paper January 2003. Soil Association, UK.
27. Metro Plan, 1997. Agricultural Analysis. Available at: http://www.uthungulu.org.za/Regional/F...a1%20Development%20Perspective-12.html.
28. Morse S., and Buhler W. Integrated Pest Management. Ideals and Realities in Developing Countries (1997), Lynne Rienner, Boulder, CO
29. Morse S., Bennett R.M., and Ismael Y. Genetically modified insect resistance in cotton: some economic impacts in India. Crop Prot. 24 5 (2005) 433-440
30. Mtshali, S.M., 2002. Household livelihood security in rural KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Wageningen University Dissertation no. 3232, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
31. Nuffield Council on Bioethics, 2003. The use of genetically modified crops in developing countries Available at: http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/gmcrops/.
32. Nuffield Foundation. Genetically Modified Crops. The Ethical and Social Issues (1999), Nuffield Council on Bioethics, London
33. Orr A. Integrated pest management for resource-poor African farmers: is the emperor naked?. World Dev. 31 5 (2003) 831-845
34. Pray C.E., Huang J.K., Hu R.F., and Rozelle S. Five years of Bt cotton in China - the benefits continue. Plant J. 31 4 (2002) 423-430
35. Qaim M., and Zilberman D. Yield effects of genetically modified crops in developing countries. Science 299 (2003) 900-902
36. Riebe J.F. The development and implementation of strategies to prevent resistance to Bt-expressing crops: an industry perspective. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 21 2 (1999) 101-105
37. Schaller N. The concept of agricultural sustainability. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 46 (1993) 89-97
38. Tabashnik B.E., Patin A.L., Dennehy T.J., Liu Y.B., Carriere Y., Sims M.A., and Antilla L. Frequency of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in field populations of pink bollworm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 24 (2000) 12980-12984
39. Thirtle C., Beyers L., Ismael Y., and Piesse J. Can GM technologies help the poor? The impact of Bt cotton in Makhathini Flats, KwaZulu Natal. World Dev. 31 4 (2003) 717-732
40. Vacher C., Bourguet D., Rousset F., Chevillon C., and Hochberg M.E. Modelling the spatial configuration of refuges for a sustainable control of pests: a case study of Bt cotton. J. Evol. Biol. 16 3 (2003) 378-387
41. Wilkins T.A., Rajasekaran K., and Anderson D.M. Cotton biotechnology. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 19 6 (2000) 511