A projection of the impact of lipid-lowering therapy on high-risk employee disability and medical costs

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 48, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 1014-1022

  Song, Xue ^a   Huse, Daniel M ^a   Williams, Setareh A ^b   Borok, Gerald M ^b   McDonough, Ken ^b   Ozminkowski, Ronald J ^a  

^a MEDSTAT GROUP   (United States)

^b ASTRAZENECA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; BILE ACID; COLESEVELAM; EZETIMIBE; FENOFIBRATE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; FLUINDOSTATIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MEVINOLIN; NICOTINIC ACID; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ABSENTEEISM; ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIARRHEA; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG USE; FEMALE; FLATULENCE; HEADACHE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MYALGIA; PRODUCTIVITY; SIMULATION; STROKE; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WEAKNESS;

ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COST SAVINGS; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; FLUOROBENZENES; FORECASTING; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; HYPOLIPIDEMIC AGENTS; INSURANCE, MAJOR MEDICAL; MARKOV CHAINS; MODELS, ECONOMETRIC; PYRIMIDINES; SICK LEAVE; SULFONAMIDES;

EID: 33749993466     PISSN: 10762752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.jom.0000237773.26755.78     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Goetzel RZ, Long SR, Ozminkowski RJ, Hawkins K, Wang S, Lynch W. Health, absence, disability, and presenteeism cost estimates of certain physical and mental health conditions affecting US employers. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46:398-412.
2. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ, Meneades L, Stewart M, Schutt DC. Pharmaceuticals - cost or investment? An employer's perspective. J Occup Environ Med. 2000;42:338-351.
3. American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2006 update. Circulation. 2006;113:e85-e151.
4. Wilson PWF, D'Agostino RB, Levy B, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;97:1837-1847.
5. Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD, for the MRFIT Research Group. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA. 1986;256:2823-2828.
6. Lipid Research Clinic Program. The lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial results. I: reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1984;251:351-364.
7. Lipid Research Clinic Program. The lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial results. II: the relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. JAMA. 1984;251:365-374.
8. Burke GL, Sprafka JM, Folsom AR, Hahn LP, Luepker RV, Blackburn H. Trends in serum cholesterol levels from 1980 to 1987. The Minnesota Heart Survey. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:941-946.
9. Iribarren C, Reed DM, Burchfiel CM, Dwyer JH. Serum total cholesterol and mortality: confounding factors and risk modification in Japanese-American men. JAMA. 1995;273:1926-1932.
10. Manninen V, Tenkanen L, Koskinen P, et al. Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study: implications for treatment. Circulation. 1992;85:37-42.
11. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. JAMA. 1998;279:1615-1622.
12. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:7-22.
13. Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1349-1357.
14. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1001-1009.
15. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344:1383-1389.
16. Serruys PWJC, de Feyter P, Macaya C, et al. Lescol Intervention Prevention Study (LIPS) Investigators. Fluvastatin for prevention of cardiac events following successful first percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA. 2002;287:3215-3222.
17. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, et al. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. 1995. Atheroscler Suppl. 2004;5:91-97.
18. National Cholesterol Education Program. Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III): Final Report. NIH Publication No. 02-5215; September 2002.
19. National Institute of Health. Morbidity and mortality: 2004 chart book on cardiovascular, lung, and blood diseases. Available at: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ resources/docs/04_chtbk.htm. Accessed June 12, 2006.
20. Prosser LA, Stinnett AA, Goldman PA, et al. Cost-effectiveness of cholesterol-lowering therapies according to selected patient characteristics. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:769-779.
21. Ganz DA, Kuntz KM, Jacobson GA, Avorn J. Cost-effectiveness of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor therapy in older patients with myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:780-787.
22. Russell MW, Huse DM, Drowns S, Hamel EC, Hartz SC. Direct medical costs of coronary artery disease in the United States. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:1110-1115.
23. Elliot W, Weir DR. Comparative cost-effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1999;56:1726-1732.
24. Jones P, Davidson M, Stein E, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR Trial). Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:152-160.
25. Huse DM, Song X, Ozminkowski RJ, et al. "Impact of rosuvastatin use on costs and outcomes in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease in US managed care and Medicare populations: A data analysis." Clin Ther. September 2006;28 (In press).
26. Gendell M. Retirement age declines again in 1990s. Monthly Labor Review. 2001;October:12-21.
27. Herd JA, Ballantyne CM, Farmer JA, et al. Effects of fluvastatin on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with mild to moderate cholesterol elevations (LCAS). Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:278-286.
28. The Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial Investigators. The effect of aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and low-dose anticoagulation on obstructive changes in saphenous-vein coronary-artery bypass grafts. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:153-162.
29. Crouse JR 3rd, Byington RP, Bond MG, et al. Pravastatin, Lipids, and Atherosclerosis in the Carotid arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:455-459.
30. Anderson KM, Odell PM, Wilson PWF, Kannel WB. An updated coronary risk profile: a statement for health professionals. Circulation. 1991;83:356-362.
31. D'Agostino RB, Russell MW, Huse DM, et al. Primary and subsequent coronary risk appraisal: new results from the Framingham Study. Am Heart J. 2000;139:272-281.
32. Department of Health and Human Services. Re: Docket No. 2004P-0113/CPI Available at: www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/rosuvastatin/Crestor_CP.pdf. Accessed June 12, 2006.
33. Hilleman DE, Heineman SM, Foral PA. Pharmacoeconomic assessment of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy: an analysis based on the CURVES study. Pharmacotherapy. 2000;20:819-822.
34. Goetzel RZ, Hawkins K, Ozminkowski RJ, Wang S. The health and productivity cost burden of the 'top 10' physical and mental health conditions affecting six large US employers in 1999. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:5-14.
35. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Available at: www.bls.gov/news.release/ecec. t06.htm. Accessed June 12, 2006.
36. Goetzel RZ, Guindon AM, Turshen IJ, Ozminkowski RJ. Health and productivity management - establishing key performance measures, benchmarks and best practices. J Occup Environ Med. 2001;43:10-17.
37. Mullahy J. Much ado about two: reconsidering transformation and the two-part model in health econometrics. J Health Econ. 1998;17:247-281.
38. Ozminkowski RJ, Burton WN, Goetzel RZ, Maclean R, Wang S. The impact of rheumatoid arthritis on medical expenditures, absenteeism, and short-term disability benefits. J Occup Environ Med. 2006;48:135-148.
39. Frolkis JP, Pearce GL, Nambi V, Minor S, Sprecher DL. Statins do not meet expectations for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when used in clinical practice. Am J Med. 2002;113:625-629.
40. Nicholson S, Pauly MV, Polsky D, Sharda C, Szrek H, Berger ML. Measuring the Effects of Workloss on Productivity With Team Production. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 10632; July 2004.