Evidence for mediating econeurocardiologic mechanisms

Occupational Medicine - State of the Art Reviews

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 117-162

  Belkić, Karen ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING; BURNOUT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; ENERGY METABOLISM; HEART MUSCLE; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; METABOLISM; MORBIDITY; NEUROSECRETION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SYNDROME; WORKPLACE;

BLOOD COAGULATION; BURNOUT, PROFESSIONAL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMANS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MORBIDITY; MYOCARDIUM; NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RISK FACTORS; SYNDROME; WORKPLACE;

EID: 33749622445     PISSN: 0885114X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (413)

1. Allred EN, Bleecker ER, Chaitman BR, et al: Effects of carton monoxide on myocardial ischemia. Environ Health Perspect 91:89-132, 1991.
2. Andersen IB, Jensen PL, Junker P, et al: The effects of moderate heat stress on patients with ischemic heart disease. Scand J Work Environ Health 4:256-272, 1976.
3. Andersen P: Hypercoagulability and reduced fibrinolysis in hyperlipidemia: Relationship to the metabolic cardiovascular syndrome. J Cardiosvac Pharmacol 20 Suppl 8:829-31, 1992.
4. Anderson DE, Dietz JR, Murphy P: Behavioral hypertension in sodium-loaded dogs is accompanied by sustained sodium retention. J Hypertens 5:99-105, 1987.
5. Andren L, Hansson L, Bjorkman M, Jonsson A: Noise as a contributory factor in the development of elevated arterial presure. A study of the mechanisms by which noise may raise blood pressure in man. Acta Medica Scandinavica 207:493-498, 1980.
6. Andren L, Lindstedt G, Bjorkman M, et al: Effect of noise on blood pressure and "stress hormones." Clin Sci 62:137-141, 1982.
7. Anonymous: The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med 157:2413-2446, 1997.
8. Appel LJ, Stason WB: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and blood pressure self-measurement in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Ann Intern Med 118:867-882, 1993.
9. Armstrong PW: Stable ischemic syndromes. In Topol EJ (ed): Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1998, pp 333-364.
10. Aronsson G, Rissler A: Psychophysiological stress reactions in female and male urban bus drivers. J Occup Health Psychol 3:122-129, 1998.
11. Arstall MA, Wuttke RD, Arthur J, et al: The prevalence of ST segment depression on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring during daily life in high-risk asymptomatic police officers. J Cardio Risk 1:143-148, 1994.
12. Asmar R, Benetos A, Pannier B, et al: Prevalence and arcadian variations of ST-segment depression and its concomitant blood pressure changes in asymptomatic systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 77:384-390, 1996.
13. Assmussen E: Static (isometric) exercise: Cardiovascular respiratory and neural control mechanisms. Circ Res 48:13-110, 1981.
14. Atterhog JH, Eliasson K, Hjemdahl P: Sympathoadrenal and cardiovascular responses to mental stress, isometric handgrip and cold presser test in asymptomatic young men with primary T wave abnormalities in the electrocardiogram. Br Heart J 46:311-319, 1981.
15. Baba S, Nakamoto Y, Ueshima H, et al: Variations of blood pressures under regularly recurring stress in daily life and its relation to left ventricular hypertrophy in urban hypertensive men. J Hypertens 6:S695-S696, 1988.
16. Backman AL: Health survey of professional drivers. Scand J Work Environ Health 9:30-35, 1983.
17. Barry J, Selwin AP, Nabel EG: Frquency of ST segment depression produced by mental stress in stable angina pectoris from CAD. Am J Cardiol 61:989-993, 1988.
18. Bayes de Luna AJ, Soldevila JG, Vinolas Prat X: Do silent myocardial ischemia and ventricular arrhythmias interact to result in sudden death? Cardiol Clinics 10:449-459, 1992.
19. Belkic K: Methodology for detecting individuals at high risk for developing the acquired cardiovascular disorders. Master's Thesis, Center for Multidisciplinary Studies. Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 1984.
20. Belkic K: Light stress and the cardiovascular system: The glare pressor test. Ergonomics 29:563-568, 1986.
21. Belkic K: Psychosocial triggers of myocardial ischemia in women. Research Report to the Swedish Medical Research Council, 1995.
22. Belkic K, Emdad R, Theorell T: Occupational profile and cardiac risk: Possible mechanisms and implications for professional drivers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 11:37-57, 1998.
23. Belkic K, Ercegovac D, Savic C, et al: EEG arousal and cardiovascular reactivity in professional drivers: The glare presser test. Eur Heart J 13:304-309, 1992.
24. Belkic K, Gluhak M, Ugljesic M, et al: Ucestalost abnormalnosti arterijskog krvog pritiska i elektrokardiograma kod vozaca gradskog saobracajnog preduzeca Beograd (Prevalence of high blood pressure and electrocardiographic abnormalities among Belgrade mass transit drivers). Revija Rada 20:50-60, 1990.
25. Belkic K, Pavlovic S, Djordjevic M, et al: Determinants of cardiac risk in professional drivers. Kardiologija 13:145-149, 1992.
26. Belkic K, Savic C, Theorell T, et al: Mechanisms of cardiac risk among professional drivers. Scand J Work Environ Health 20:73-86, 1994.
27. Belkic KL, Mickovic L, Milic B, Savic S: Blood pressure and electrocardiographic changes elicited by the glare presser test. Arch Environ Health 42:37-43, 1987.
28. Benson H, Gutmann MC: The relation of environmental factors to systemic arterial hypertension. In Eliot RS (ed): Stress and the Heart. Mt Kisco, Futura Publishing Co., 1974, pp 13-31.
29. Bhaghat K, Vallance P: Inflammatory cytokines impair endothelium-dependent dilation in human veins in vivo. Circulation 96:3042-3047, 1997.
30. Bhatt DL, James GD, Pickering TG, Devereux RB: Relation of arterial pressure level and variability to left ventricular geometry in normotensive and hypertensive adults. Blood Pressure Monitor 1:415-424, 1996.
31. Blake LM, Goldschlager N: Risk stratification of potential sudden death victims after myocardial infarction. Prim Cardiol 21:8-15, 1995.
32. Blankestijn PJ, Mann in't Veld AJ, Tulen J, et al: Support for adrenaline-hypertension hypothesis: 18-hour pressor effect after 6 hours adrenaline infusion. Lancet 11:1386-1389, 1988.
33. Blumenthal JA, Jiang W, Waugh RA, et al: Mental stress-induced ischemia in the laboratory and ambulatory ischemia during daily life. Circulation 92:2102-2108, 1995.
34. Bohlin G, Eliasson K, Hjemdahl P, et al: Pace variation and control of work pace as related to cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and subjective responses. Biol Psychol 23:247-263, 1986.
35. Boltwood MD, Taylor B, Burke MB, et al: Anger report predicts coronary artery vasomotor response to mental stress in atherosclerotic segments. Am J Cardiol 72:1361-1365, 1993.
36. Bonaa KH, Arnesen E: Association between heart rate and atherogenic blood lipid fractions in a population. The Tromsø Study. Circulation 86:394-405, 1992.
37. Borggrefe M, Fetsch T, Martinez-Rubio A, et al: Prediction of arrhythmia risk based on signal-averaged ECG in postinfarction patients. PACE 20:2566-2576, 1997.
38. Brod J, Fencl V, Hejl Z, Jirka J: Circulatory changes underlying blood pressure elevation during acute emotional stress (mental arithmetic) in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Clin Sci 18:269-279, 1959.
39. Brown MS, Goldstein JL: The hyperlipoproteinemias and other disorders of lipid metabolism. In Wilson JD, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al (eds): Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1991, pp 1814-1825.
40. Brunner EJ, Marmot MG, White IR, et al: Gender and employment grade differences in blood cholesterol, apolipoproteins and haemostatic factors in the Whitehall II study. Atherosclerosis 102:195-207, 1993.
41. Brunner EJ, Davey Smith GD, Marmot MG, et al: Childhood social circumstances and psychosocial and behavioral factors as determinants of plasma fibrinogen. Lancet 347:1008-1013, 1996.
42. Cardillo C, Kilcoyne CM, Cannon RO, Panza JA: Impairment of the nitric oxide-mediated vasodilator response to mental stress in hypertensive but not in hypercholesterolemic patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 32:1207-1213, 1998.
43. Cardillo C, Kilcoyne CM, Quyyumi AA, et al: Role of nitric oxide in the vasodilator response to mental stress in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol 80:1070-1074, 1997.
44. Carpeggiani C, Skinner JE: Coronary flow and mental stress: Experimental findings. Circulation 83:II90-II93, 1991.
45. Chairman BR, Dahms TE, Byers S, et al: Carbon monoxide exposures of subjects with documented cardiac arrhythmias. Research Report, Health Effects Institute 52:1-26, 1992.
46. Chaney RH, Arndt S: Comparison of cardiovascular risk in maximal isometric and dynamic exercise. South Med J 76:464-467, 1983.
47. Charney DS, Deutch AY, Krystal JH, et al: Psychobiological mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:294-330, 1993.
48. Charvat J, Dell P, Folkow P, Folkow B: Mental factors and cardiovascular disease. Cardiologia 44:124-141, 1964.
49. Chatterjee K: Recognition and management of patients with stable angina pectoris. In Goldman L, Braunwald E (eds): Primary Cardiology. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co., 1998, pp 234-256.
50. Chau N, Mallion J, de Gaudemaris R, et al: 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in shift workers. Circulation 80:341-347, 1989.
51. Chauhan A, Mullins PA, Taylor G, et al: Effect of hyperventilation and mental stress on coronary blood flow in syndrome X. Br Heart J 69:516-524, 1993.
52. Chen CJ, Hsueh Y-M, Lai M-S, et al: Increased prevalence of hypertension and long-term arsenic exposure. Hypertension 25:53-60, 1995.
53. Chobanian AV, Dzau VJ: Renin angiotensin system and atherosclerotic vascular disease. In Fuster V, Ross R, Topol EJ (eds): Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1996, pp 237-242.
54. Christenfeld N, Gerin W, Linden W, et al: Social support effects on cardiovascular reactivity: Is a stranger as effective as a friend? Psychosom Med 59:388-398, 1997.
55. Clutter WE, Bier DM, Shah SD, Cryer PE: Epinephrine plasma metabolic clearance rates and physiological thresholds for metabolic and hemodynamic action in man. J Clin Invest 66:94-101, 1980.
56. Cobb LA: The mechanisms, predictors, and prevention of sudden cardiac death. In Hurst JW, Logue RB, Rackley CE, et al (eds): The Heart. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1990, pp 604-614.
57. Cobb S, Rose RM: Hypertension, peptic ulcer, and diabetes in air traffic controllers. JAMA 224:489-492, 1973.
58. Cocco G, Iselin HU: Cardiac risk of speed traps. Clin Cardiol 15:441-444, 1992.
59. Cooper RS, Rotimi CN, Ward R: The puzzle of hypertension in African-Americans. Scientific American 280:36-43, 1999.
60. Corley KC, Mauck HP, O'Schiel F: Cardiac responses associated with yoked-chair shock avoidance in squirrel monkeys. Psychophysiology 12:439-444, 1975.
61. Corley KC, O'Shiel F, Mauck HP: Myocardial degeneration and cardiac arrest in squirrel monkeys. Physiologic and psychologic correlates. Psychophysiology 14:322-328, 1977.
62. Cupples LA, Gagnon DR, Kannel WB: Long- and short-term risk of sudden coronary death. Circulation 85 Suppl 1:111-118, 1992.
63. Dahms TE, Younis LT, Wiens RD, et al: Effects of carbon monoxide exposure in patients with documented cardiac arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 21:442-450, 1993.
64. Danesh J, Peto R: Risk factors for coronary heart disease and infection with Heliobacter pylori: Meta-analysis of 18 studies. BMJ 316:1130-1132, 1998.
65. Daniels GH, Martin JB: Neuroendocrine regulation and diseases of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. In Wilson J (ed): Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 1991, pp 1655-1678.
66. de Faire U, Lindvall K, Nilsson B: Noninvasive ambulatory 24th blood pressure and basal blood pressures predict development of sustained hypertension from borderline state. Am J Hypertens 6:149-155, 1993.
67. De Quatro V, Chan S: Raised plasma catecholamines in some patients with primary hypertension. Lancet I 7755:806-809, 1972.
68. Deedewania PC, Nelson JR: Pathophysiology of silent myocardial ischemia during daily life. Hemodynamic evaluation of simultaneous electrocardiographic and blood pressure monitoring. Circulation 82:1296-1304, 1990.
69. Deedwania PC, Carbajal EV: Role of myocardial oxygen demand in the pathogenesis of silent ischemia during daily life. Am J Cardiol 70:19f-24f, 1992.
70. DeFronzo RA: Insulin resistance: The metabolic link between noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 5:586-593, 1990.
71. Delaney KA, Goldfrank LR: Hot and cold work environments. In Rom WN (ed): Environmental and Occupational Medicine. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1998, pp 1389-1401.
72. Demitrack MA, Dale JK, Straus SE, et al: Evidence for impaired activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73:1224-1234, 1991.
73. Devereux RB: Importance of left ventricular mass as a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity in hypertension. Am J Hypertension 2:650-654, 1989.
74. Devereux RB, Pickering TG, Harshfield GA, et al: Left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension: Importance of blood pressure to regularly recurring stress. Circulation 68:476-479, 1983.
75. Devereux RB, Roman MJ: Hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy: Pathophysiologic and clinical characteristics. In Laragh JH, Brenner BM (eds): Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, Raven Press, Ltd., 1995, pp 409-432.
76. Deyanov C, Mincheva L, Hadjiolova I, Ivanovich E: Study on the level of blood pressure and prevalence of arterial hypertension depending on the duration of occupational exposure to industrial noise. Cent Eur J Occup Environ Med 1:109-116, 1995.
77. Di Marco JP: Coronary artery spasm, silent ischemia and cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 32:1490-1491, 1992.
78. DiBona GF, Kopp UC: Neural control of renal function: Role in human hypertension. In Laragh JH, Brenner BM (eds): Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, Raven Press, Ltd., 1995, pp 1349-1358.
79. Dimsdale J, Moss J: Plasma catecholamines in stress and exercise. JAMA 243:340-342, 1980.
80. Drayer JIM, Weber MA, DeJong JL: Blood pressure as a determinant of cardiac left ventricular muscle mass. Arch Intern Med 143:90-92, 1983.
81. Duan Y-F, Winters RW, McCabe PM, et al: Modulation of neuronal firing in the medullary solitary complex by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic defense and vigilance areas in rabbits. Brain Research 643:218-226, 1994.
82. Eckel RH: Lipoprotein lipase. A multifunctional enzyme relevant to common metabolic diseases. N Engl J Med 320:1060-1068, 1989.
83. Egan B, Partis R, Hinderliter A, Schork N, Julius S: Mechanism of increased alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction in human essential hypertension. J Clin Invest 80:812-817, 1987.
84. Egeland GM, Burkhart GA, Schnorr TM, et al: Effects of exposure to carbon disulphide on low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and diastolic blood pressure. Br J Ind Med 49:287-293, 1992.
85. Eliasson K, Hjemdal P, Kahan T: Circulatory and sympathoadrenal responses to stress in borderline and established hypertension. J Hypertens 1:131-139, 1983.
86. Eliot RS: Stress and the Major Cardiovascular Disorders. Mt. Kisco, Futura Publishing Co., 1979.
87. Eliot RS, Buell JC: Role of emotions and stress in the genesis of sudden death. J Am Coll Cardiol 5:95B-98B, 1985.
88. Emdad R, Belkic K, Theorell T, et al: Electrocortical responses to ecologically relevant visual stimuli among professional drivers with and without cardiovascular disease. Integr Physiol Behav Sci 31:96-111, 1996.
89. Epstein SE, Quyyumi AA, Bobow RO: Sudden cardiac death without warning. N Engl J Med 321:320-323, 1989.
90. Erikssen J, Johansen AH, Rodahl K: Coronary heart disease in Norwegian sea-pilots: Part of the occupational hazard? Acta Med Scand 645 Suppl:79-83, 1981.
91. Evans GW, Carrere S: Traffic congestion, perceived control, and psychophysiologic stress among urban bus drivers. Appl Psychology 76:658-663, 1991.
92. Every NR, Parsons L, Hlatky MA, et al: Use and accuracy of state death certificates for classification of sudden cardiac deaths in high-risk populations. Am Heart J 134:1129-1132, 1997.
93. Fogari R, Toppi A, Vanasia A, Marasi G, Villa G: Occupational noise exposure and blood pressure. J Hypertens 12:475-479, 1994.
94. Folkow B: Sympathetic nervous control of blood pressure: Role of primary hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2:103S-111S, 1989.
95. Folkow B: Physiological aspects of primary hypertension. Physiol Rev 62:347-503, 1982.
96. Folkow B: Psychosocial and central nervous influence in primary hypertension. Circulation 76:10-19, 1987.
97. Folkow B: Autonomic nervous system in hypertension. In Swales JD (ed): Textbook of Hypertension. London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994, pp 427-438.
98. Folkow B: Cardiovascular structural adaptation: Its role in the initiation and maintenance of primary hypertension. Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine 55 (Suppl 4):IV3-IV22, 1978.
99. Folkow B, Grimby G, Thulesius O: Adaptive structural changes of the vascular walls in hypertension and their relation to the control of the peripheral resistance. Acta Physiol Scand 44:255-272, 1958.
100. Folkow B, Schmidt T, Uvnas-Moberg K: Stress, Health, and the Social Environment. James P. Henry's Ethological Approach to Medicine. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 161 Suppl 640, 1997.
101. Foreman L: Individual and group differences in psychophysiological responses to stress with emphasis on sympathetic-adrenal medullary and pituitary-adrenal cortical responses. Department of Psychology, University of Stockhohn, 1983.
102. Forsyth RP: Blood pressure responses to long-term avoidance schedules in the unrestrained rhesus monkey. Psychosom Med 31:300-309, 1969.
103. Fossum E, Hoieggen A, Moan A, et al: Insulin sensitivity is related to physical fitness and exercise blood pressure to structural vascular properties in young men. Hypertension 33:781-786, 1999.
104. Fossum E, Hoieggen A, Moan A, et al: Relationship between insulin sensitivity and maximal forearm blood flow in young men. Hypertension 32:838-843, 1998.
105. Frankenhaeuser M: The sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal response to challenge: Comparison between the sexes. In Dembroski TM, Schmidt TH, Blomchen G (eds): Biobehavioral Bases of Coronary Heart Disease. Basel, Karger, 1983, pp 91-105.
106. Frankenhaeuser M: Psychoneuroendocrine approaches to the study of stressful person-environment transactions. In Selye H (ed): Selye's Guide to Stress Research, Vol. 1. New York, Von Nostrand Reinhold, 1980.
107. Frankenhaeuser M: Challenge-control interaction as reflected in sympathetic-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal activity: Comparison between the sexes. Scand J Psychol Suppl 1:158-164, 1982.
108. Frankenhaeuser M, Johansson G: On the psychophysiologic consequences of understimulation and overstimulation. In Levi L (ed): Society, Stress, and Disease. Vol. 4: Working Life. New York, Oxford University Press, 1981.
109. Frankenhaeuser M, Lundberg U, Fredrikson M, Melin B: Stress on and off the job as related to sex and occupational status in white-collar workers. Department of Psychology, University of Stockholm, 1987.
110. Fredriksson M, Sundin O, Frankenhaeuser M: Cortisol excretion during the defence reaction in humans. Psychosom Med 47:313-319, 1985.
111. Freeman JL, Nixon PGF, Sallabank P, et al: Psychological stress and silent myocardial ischemia. Am Heart J 114:447-482, 1987.
112. Froberg JE, Karlsson CG, Levi L: Shift work. A study of catecholamine excretion, self-ratings and attitudes. Studia Laboris Salutis 11:10-20, 1972.
113. Froberg JE, Karlsson CG, Levi L, Lidberg L: Orcadian rhythms of catecholamine excretion, shooting range performance and self-ratings of fatigue during sleep deprivation. Biol Psychol 2:175-188, 1975.
114. Frohlich ED, Chobanian AV, Devereux RB, et al: The heart in hypertension. New Engl J Med 327:998-1008, 1992.
115. Fujimoto T, Peter T, Hamamoto H, Mandel WJ: Electrophysiologic observations on ventricular tachyarrhythmias following reperfusion. Am Heart J 105:201-209, 1983.
116. Furchgott R, Zawadzki J: The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by achetylcholine. Nature 288:373, 1980.
117. Fuster V, Fallon JT, Nemerson Y: Coronary thrombosis. Lancet 348:s7-s10, 1996.
118. Gabbay FH, Krantz DS, Kop WJ, et al: Triggers of myocardial ischemia during daily life in patients with coronary artery disease: Physical and mental activities, anger and smoking. J Am Coll Cardiol 27:585-592, 1996.
119. Gardell B, Aronsson G, Barklof K: The working environment for local public transport personnel. Stockholm, The Swedish Work Environment Fund, 1983.
120. Genes N, Vaur L, Renault M, Cambou JP, Danchin N: Rythme circadien des infarctus du myocarde en France: Resultats de l'etude USIK (Orcadian patterns of myocardial infarction in France: Results in the USIK study). La Presse Medicale 26:603-608, 1997.
121. Gerin W, Litt MD, Deich J, Pickering TG: Self-efficacy as a moderator of perceived control effects on cardiovascular reactivity: Is enhanced control always beneficial? Psychosom Med 57:390-397, 1995.
122. Gerin W, Pieper C, Pickering TG: Anticipatory and residual effects of an active coping task on pre- and post-stress baselines. J Psychosom Res 38:139-149, 1994.
123. Gilmore JP: Physiology of Stress, Stress, and the Heart. Mt. Kisco, Futura Publishing Co., 1974, pp 69-89.
124. Goldstein DS: Stress, Catecholamines, and Cardiovascular Disease. New York, Oxford University Press, 1995.
125. Goldstein DS: Plasma Catecholamines in essential hypertension: An analytical review. Hypertension 5:86-89, 1983.
126. Gottdiener JS, Krantz DS, Howell RH, et al: Induction of silent myocardial ischemia with mental stress testing: Relation to the triggers of ischemia during daily life activity and to ischemic functional severity. J Am Coll Cardiol 24:1645-1651, 1994.
127. Green MS, Schwartz K, Harari G, Najenson T: Industrial noise exposure and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate. J Occup Med 33:879-883, 1991.
128. Grossi G, Theorell T, Jurisso M, Setterlind S: Psychophysiological correlates of organizational change and threat of unemployment among police inspectors. Integr Physiol Behav Sci 34:30-42, 1999.
129. Grover RF, Reeves JT, Rowell LB, et al: The heart and environmental factors: The influence of environmental factors on the cardiovascular system. In Hurst JW, Logue RB, Rackley CE, et al (eds): The Heart. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1990, pp 1630-1644.
130. Guyton AC: Textbook of Physiology, 8th ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1991.
131. Harenstam AB, Theorell TPG: Work conditions and urinary excretion of catecholamines: A study of prison staff in Sweden. Scand J Work Environ Health 14:257-264, 1988.
132. Hamburg S, Hendler R, Sherwin RS: Influence of small increments of epinephrine on glucose tolerance in normal humans. Ann Intern Med 93:566-568, 1980.
133. Harenstam A, Theorell T: Work conditions and urinary excretion of Catecholamines: A study of prison staff in Sweden. Scand J Work Environ Health 14:257-264, 1988.
134. Harenstam A, Theorell T: Cortisol elevation and serum GT in response to adverse job conditions - How are they interrelated? Biol Psychology 31:157-171, 1990.
135. Hart MN, Heistad DD, Brody MJ: Effect of chronic hypertension and sympathetic denervation on wall/lumen ratio of cerebral vessels. Hypertension 2:419-428, 1980.
136. Haskell WL, Brachfeld N, Bruce RA, et al: Determination of occupational working capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 14:1016-1042, 1989.
137. Hayashi T, Kobayashi Y, Yamaoka K, Yano E: Effect of overtime work on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. J Occup Environ Med 38:1007-1011, 1996.
138. HDFP: Race, education, and prevalence of hypertension: The Hypertension Detection and Followup Program Cooperative Group. Am J Epidemiol 106:351-361, 1977.
139. Heathers GP, Yamada KA, Pogwizd SM: The contribution of alpha and beta-adrenergic mechanisms in the genesis of arrhythmias during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. In Kulbertus HE, Franck G (eds): Neurocardiology. Mount Kisco, Futura Publishing, 1988, pp 143-178.
140. Henry JP: Psychosocial stress and hypertension. The relevance of animal studies. In Swales JD (ed): Textbook of Hypertension. London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994, pp 633-639.
141. Henry JP, Cassell: Psychological factors in essential hypertension. Am J Epidemiology 90:171-200, 1969.
142. Henry JP, Liu Y-y, Nadra WE, et al: Psychosocial stress can induce chronic hypertension in normotensive strains of rats. Hypertension 21:714-723, 1993.
143. Henry JP, Stephens PM: Stress, Health, and the Social Environment: A Sociobiologic Approach to Medicine. New York - Heidenberg - Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1977.
144. Hertz-Piccioto I, Croft J: Review of the relation between blood lead and blood pressure. Epidemiol Rev 15:352-373, 1993.
145. Hietanen E: Cardiovascular responses to static exercise. Scand J Work Environ Health 10:397-402, 1984.
146. Higgins CB, Vatner SF, Braunwald E: Parasympathetic control of the heart. Pharmacol Rev 25:119-155, 1973.
147. Hines EA, Brown GE: The cold pressor test for measuring the reactibility of the blood pressure: Data concerning 571 normal and hypertensive subjects. Am Heart J 11:1-9, 1936.
148. Hirai A, Takata M, Mikawa M, et al: Prolonged exposure to industrial noise causes hearing loss but not high blood pressure: A study of 2124 factory laborers in Japan. J Hypertension 9:1069-1073, 1991.
149. Hjemdahl P: Plasma Catecholamines as markers for sympathoadrenal activity in human hypertension. Pharmacol Toxicol 63 Suppl 1:27-31, 1988.
150. Hjemdahl P: Plasma catecholamines - Analytical challenges and physiological limitations. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 7:307-353, 1993.
151. Hoieggen A, Fossum E, Moan A, et al: Whole-blood viscosity and the insulin-resistance syndrome. J Hypertens 16:203-210, 1998.
152. Holbrook JH: Tobacco. In Wilson JD, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al (eds): Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1991, pp 2158-2161.
153. Hollenberg NK, Williams GH, Adams DF: Essential hypertension: Abnormal renal vascular and endocrine responses to mild psychological stimulus. Hypertension 3:11-17, 1981.
154. Homs E, Marti V, Guindo J, et al: Automatic measurement of corrected QT interval in Holter recordings: Comparison of its dynamic behavior in patients after myocardial infarction with and without life-threatening arrhythmias. Am Heart J 134:181-187, 1997.
155. Houdas Y, Deklunder G, Lecroart JL: Cold exposure and ischemic heart disease. Int J Sports Med 13 Suppl 1:8179-181, 1992.
156. Huikuri HV: Heart rate dynamics and vulnerability to ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Ann Med 29:321-325, 1997.
157. Igarashi Y, Yamzoe M, Tamura Y, et al: Clinical characteristics and possible role of coronary artery spasm in syncope and/or aborted sudden death. Jpn Circ J 54:1477-1485, 1990.
158. Ironson G, Taylor CB, Boltwood M, et al: Effects of anger on left ventricular ejection fraction in coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 70:281-285, 1992.
159. Ishizaki M, Tsuritani I, Noborisaka Y, et al: Relationship between job stress and plasma fibrinolytic activity in male Japanese workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 68:315-320, 1996.
160. Iwasaki K, Sasaki T, Oka T, Hisanaga N: Effect of working hours on biological functions related to cardiovascular system among salesmen in a machinery manufacturing company. Ind Health 36:361-367, 1998.
161. Jain D, Burg M, Soufer R, et al: Prognostic implications of mental stress-induced silent left ventricular dysfunction in patients with stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 76:31-35, 1995.
162. James GD, Schlussel YR, Pickering TG: The association between daily blood pressure and catecholamine variability in normotensive working women. Psychosom Med 55:55-60, 1993.
163. James MA, Hones JU: Systolic wall stress and ventricular arrhythmias: The role of acute change in BP in the isolated working rat heart. Clin Sci 79:499-504, 1990.
164. Johansson G, Aronsson G, Lindstrom BO: Social psychological and neuroendocrine stress reactions in highly mechanized work. Ergonomics 21:583-599, 1978.
165. Jones RD, Winter DP: Two case reports of deaths on industrial premises attributed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Arch Environ Health 38:59-61, 1983.
166. Julius S: Controversies in the research on hemodynamic mechanisms in the development of hypertension. In Sambhi M (ed): Fundamental Fault in Hypertension. Boston, Martinus Nijhoff, 1984, pp 264-275.
167. Julius S: The defense reaction - A common denominator of coronary risk and blood pressure in neurogenic hypertension? Clin Exper Hypertens 17:375-386, 1995.
168. Julius S, Amerena J, Smith S, Petrin J: Autonomic nervous and behavioral factors in hypertension. In Laragh JH, Brenner BM (eds): Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, Raven Press, Ltd., 1995, pp 2557-2569.
169. Julius S, Gudbrandsson T, Jamerson K, et al: The hemodynamic link between insulin resistance and hypertension. J Hypertens 9:983-986, 1991.
170. Julius S, Li L, Brant D, Krause L, Buda AJ: Neurogenic pressor episodes fail to cause hypertension, but do induce cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension 13:422-429, 1989.
171. Julius S, Mejia A, Jones K, et al: "White coat" versus "sustained" borderline hypertension in Tecumseh, Michigan. Hypertension 16:617-623, 1990.
172. Julius S, Schork M, Schork A: Sympathetic hyperactivity in early stages of hypertension: The Ann Arbor data set. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 12 Suppl 3:8121-129, 1988.
173. Kaplan NM: Systemic hypertension. Mechanisms and diagnosis. In Braunwald E (ed): Heart Disease. A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co., 1997, pp 807-839.
174. Karagueuzian HS, Mandel WJ: Electrophysiologic mechanisms of ischemic ventricular arrhythmias: Experimental and clinical correlations. In Mandel WJ (ed): Cardiac Arrhythmias: Their Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co., 1995, pp 563-603.
175. Karagueuzian HS, Wit AL: Studies on ventricular arrhythmias in animal models of ischemic heart disease: What can we learn? In Kulbertus HE, Wellens HJJ (eds): Sudden Death. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1980, pp 69-88.
176. Kaski JC, Crea F, Nihoyannopoulos P, et al: Transient myocardial ischaemia during daily life in patients with syndrome X. Am J Cardiol 58:1242-1247, 1986.
177. Kavanagh T, Matosevic V: Assessment of work capacity in patients with ischaemic heart disease: Methods and practices. Eur Heart J 9 Suppl L:67-73, 1988.
178. Kawano T, Okabe M, Arakawa K: Cold pressor test and variant angina. Angiology 34:429-435, 1983.
179. Kerber RE, Miller RA, Najjar SM: Myocardial ischemia effects of isometric, dynamic, and combined exercise in coronary artery disease. Chest 67:388-394, 1975.
180. Kirby D, Pinto JMB, Hottinger S, et al: Behavioral arousal enhances inducibility and rate of ventricular tachycardia. Am J Physiol 261:H1734-H1739, 1991.
181. Kirschbaum C, Helhammer D: Salivary cortisol in psychobiological research: An overview. Neuropsychobiology 22:150-169, 1989.
182. Kirschbaum C, Heihammer D: Salivery cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: Recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroendocrinology 19:313-333, 1994.
183. Kjeldsen SE, Eide I, Leren P, Foss OP: Effect on high density lipoprotein cholesterol of atenolol and oxprenolol in patients with mild essential hypertension. Clin Sci 63:463s-465, 1982.
184. Kjeldsen SE, Flaaten B, Eide I, et al: Evidence of increased peripheral catecholamine release in patients with long-standing, untreated essential hypertension. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 42:217-223, 1982.
185. Kjeldsen SE, Petrin J, Weder AB, Julius S: Contrasting effects of epinephrine on forearm hemodynamics and arterial plasma norepinephrine. Am J Hypertens 6:369-375, 1993.
186. Kjeldsen SE, Rostrup M, Moan A, et al: The sympathetic nervous system may modulate the metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in essential hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharm 20 Suppl 8:S32-S39, 1992.
187. Kjeldsen SE, Schork NJ, Leren P, Eide IK: Arterial plasma norepinephrine correlates to blood pressure in middle-aged men with sustained essential hypertension. Am Heart J 118:775-781, 1989.
188. Kjeldsen SE, Weder AB, Egan B, et al: Effect of circulating epinephrine on platelet function and hematocrit. Hypertension 25:1096-1105, 1995.
189. Kleiman NS: Angina pectoris in patients with normal coronary angiograms. In Willerson JT, Cohn JN (eds): Cardiovascular Medicine. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1995, pp 375-389.
190. Kleinman MT, Davidson DM, Vandagriff RB, et al: Effects of short-term exposure to carbon monoxide in subjects with coronary artery disease. Arch Environ Health 44:361-369, 1989.
191. Koepke JP, Jones S, DiBona GF: Stress increases renal nerve activity and decreases sodium excretion in Dahl rats. Hypertension 11:334-338, 1988.
192. Kohn M, Schooler C: An inquiry into the impact of social stratification. Norwood, NJ, Ablex, 1983.
193. Kop WJ, Hamulyak K, Pernot C, Appels A: Relationship of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis to vital exhaustion. Psychosomatic Medicine 60:352-358, 1998.
194. Kopka L, Mazurek K, Zawadzka-Bartczak E: Sinus node arrest and asystole from vaso-vagal phenomena during lower body negative pressure in a healthy pilot. Aviat Space Environ Med 67:572-575, 1996.
195. Kozena L, Frantik E, Horvath M: Cardiovascular reaction to job stress in middle-aged train drivers. Int J Behav Med 5:281-294, 1998.
196. Krantz DS, Kop WJ, Santiago HT, Gottdiener JS: Mental stress as a trigger of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Cardiology Clinics 14:271-287, 1996.
197. Kristal-Boneh E, Melamed S, Harari G, Green MS: Acute and chronic effects of noise exposure on blood pressure and heart rate among industrial employees. Arch Environ Health 50:298-304, 1995.
198. Kristensen TS: Cardiovascular diseases and the work environment. A critical review of the epidemiologic literature on chemical factors. Scand J Work Environ Health 15:245-265, 1989.
199. La Rovere MT, Schwanz PJ: Baroreflex sensitivity as a cardiac and arrhythmia mortality risk stratifier. PACE 20:2602-2613, 1997.
200. Lacey JH: Individual differences in somatic response patterns. J Comp Physiol Psychol 43:338-350, 1950.
201. Lacy E, O'Connor DT, Schmid-Schonbein GW: Plasma hydrogen peroxide production in hypertensives and normotensive subjects at genetic risk of hypertension. J Hypertens 16:291-303, 1998.
202. Laflamme N, Brisson C, Moisan J, et al: Job strain and ambulatory blood pressure among female white-collar workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 24:334-343, 1998.
203. Landsbergis PA, Schnall PL, Deitz D, et al: The patterning of psychological attributes and distress by "job strain" and social support in a sample of working men. J Behav Med 15:379-405, 1992.
204. Lanza GA, Pedrotti P, Pasceri V, et al: Autonomic changes associated with spontaneous coronary spasm in patients with variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol 28:1249-1256, 1996.
205. Lauwers P, Aelvoet W, Sneppe R, Remion M: Effect of car driving on the electrocardiogram of patients with myocardial infarction and an ECG at rest devoid of dysrhythmia and repolarisation abnormalities. Acta Cardiol 28:27-43, 1973.
206. Lazarus RS: Psychological Stress and the Coping Process. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1966.
207. LeHeuzey JY, Guize L: Cardiac prognosis in hypertensive patients. Incidence of sudden death and ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 81:65-68, 1988.
208. Lennerlof L: Learned helplessness at work. In Johnson JV, Johansson G (eds): The Psychosocial Work Environment: Work Organization, Democratization, and Health. Essays in Memory of Bertil Gardell. Amityville, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc., 1991.
209. Leren P, Askevold EM, Foss OP, et al: The Oslo Study: Cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and young Oslo men. Acta Med Scand Suppl 588:1-38, 1975.
210. Leren P, Foss OP, Helgeland A, et al: Effect of propranolol and prazosin on blood lipids. The Oslo Study. Lancet 2:4-6, 1980.
211. Lerman Y, Winkler E, Tirosh MS, et al: Fatal accidental inhalation of bromochlorodifluoromethane. Hum Exp Toxicol 10:125-128, 1991.
212. Levi L: Stress and distress in response to psychosocial stimuli. Acta Med Scand 191 Suppl 528, 1972.
213. Levi L: Preventing Work Stress. Reading, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1981.
214. Levy M: Time dependency of the autonomic interactions that regulate heart rate and rhythm. In Zipes DP, Jalife J (eds): Cardiac Electrophysiology From Cell to Bedside. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co., 1995, pp 454-459.
215. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, et al: Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. New Engl J Med 322:1561-1566, 1990.
216. Libby P, Schoenbeck U, Mach F, et al: Current concepts in cardiovascular pathology: The role of LDL cholesterol in plaque rupture and stabilization. Am J Med 104:14S-18S, 1998.
217. Light KC, Koepke JP, Obrist PA, Willis PW: Psychological stress induces sodium and fluid retention in men at high risk for hypertension. Science 220:429-431, 1983.
218. Light KC, Turner JR, Hinderliter AL: Job strain and ambulatory work blood pressure in healthy young men and women. Hypertension 20:214-218, 1992.
219. Linden W: What do arithmetic stress tests measure? Protocol variations and cardiovascular responses. Psychophysiology 28:91-102, 1991.
220. Littler WA, Honour AJ, Sleight P: Direct arterial pressure and electrocardiogram during motor car driving. Brit Med J 2:273-277, 1973.
221. Lown B: Sudden cardiac death: Biobehavioral perspective. Circulation 76 Suppl 1:1186-1195, 1987.
222. Lown B: Role of higher nervous activity in sudden cardiac death. Jpn Circ J 54:581-602, 1990.
223. Lown B, deSilva RA, Reich P, et al: Psychophysiologic factors in sudden cardiac death. Am J Psychiatry 137:1325-1335, 1980.
224. Lown B, Verrier RL: Neural activity and ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 294:1165-1170, 1976.
225. Lundberg U, Frankenhaeuser M: Pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal correlates of distress and effort. J Psychosom Res 24:125-130, 1984.
226. Lundberg U, Frankenhaeuser M: Psychophysiological reactions to noise as modified by personal control over noise intensive. Biol Psychol 6:51-60, 1978.
227. Lynch J, Krause N, Kaplan GA, et al: Workplace demands, economic reward, and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Circulation 96:302-307, 1997.
228. Majewski H, Hedler L, Starke K: The noreadrenaline release rate in the anesthetized rabbit: Facilitation by adrenaline. Naunyn-Schmiederberg's Archives of Pharmacology 321:20-27, 1982.
229. Majewski H, Rand MJ: Prejunctional b-adrenoceptors as sites of action for adrenaline in stress-linked hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 10 (Suppl 4):S41-S44, 1987.
230. Majewski H, Tung LH, Rand MJ: Adrenaline-induced hypertension in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 3:1979-1985, 1981.
231. Malkoff SB, Muldoon MF, Zeigler ZR, Manuck SB: Blood platelet responsivity to acute mental stress. Psychosom Med 55:477-482, 1993.
232. Mancia G: The sympathetic nervous system in hypertension. J Hypertension 15:1553-1565, 1997.
233. Markovitz JH: Hostility is associated with increased platelet activation in coronary heart disease. Psychosom Med 60:586-591, 1998.
234. Markowe HL, Marmot MG, Shipley MJ, et al: Fibrinogen: A possible link between social class and coronary heart disease. Br Med J 291:1312-1314, 1985.
235. Marmot MG, Bosma H, Hemingway H, et al: Contribution of job control and other risk factors to social variations in coronary heart disease incidence. Lancet 350:235-239, 1997.
236. Marmot MG, Davey Smith DG, Stansfeld S, et al: Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study. Lancet 337:1387-1393, 1991.
237. Maseri A, Chierchia S, L'Abbate A, et al: Role du spasme dans l'angine de poitrine, l'infarctus du myocarde et la mort subite (The role of spasm in angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and sudden death). Arch Mal Coeur 75:701-716, 1982.
238. Mason JW: A review of psychoendocrine research on the pituitary-adrenal-cortical system. Psychosom Med 30:576, 1968.
239. Matthews KA, Manuck SB, Saab P: Cardiovascular responses of adolescents during naturally occurring stressors and their behavioral and psychophysiological predictors. Psychophysiology 23:198-209, 1986.
240. McCabe PM, Duan Y-F, Winters RW, et al: Comparison of peripheral blood flow patterns associated with the defense reaction and the vigilance reaction in rabbits. Physiol Behavior 56:1101-1106, 1994.
241. McCann B, Warnick G, Knopp R: Changes in plasma lipids and dietary intake accompanying shifts in perceived workload and stress. Psychosom Med 52:97-108, 1990.
242. McCunney RJ, Meyer JD: Occupational exposure to noise. In Rom WN (ed): Environmental and Occupational Medicine. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1998, pp 1345-1357.
243. McLenachan JM, Dargie HJ: A review of rhythm disorders in cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol 65 Suppl G:G42-G50, 1990.
244. McManus BM, Fleury TA, Roberts WC: Fatal catecholamine crisis in pheochromocytoma: Curable cause of cardiac arrest. Am Heart J 102:930-932, 1981.
245. Meade TW: Haemostatic function and arterial disease. Br Med Bull 50:755-775, 1994.
246. Mehta D, Curwin J, Gomes A, Fuster V: Sudden death in coronary artery disease. Circulation 96:3215-3223, 1997.
247. Mendall MA, Patel P, Asante M, et al: Relation of serum cytokine concentrations to cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease. Heart 78:273-277, 1998.
248. Menkes MS, Matthews KA, Krantz DS, et al: Cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test as a predictor of hypertension. Hypertension 14:524-530, 1989.
249. Messerli FH, Grodzicki T: Hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. Eur Heart J 13 Suppl D:66-69, 1992.
250. Messerli FH, Nunez BD, Ventura HO, et al: Overweight and sudden death. Increased ventricular ectopy in cardiopathy of obesity. Arch Int Med 147:1725-1728, 1987.
251. Michelson D, Licinio J, Gold PW: Mediation of the stress response by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. In Friedman MJ, Charney DS, Deutch AY (eds): Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences of Stress. New York, Lippincott-Raven, 1995.
252. Milkovic-Krause S: Noise-induced hearing loss and blood pressure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 62:259-260, 1990.
253. Miller PF, Light KC, Bragdon EE, et al: Beta-endorphin response to exercise and mental stress in patients with ischemic heart disease. J Psychosom Res 37:455-465, 1993.
254. Moan A, Nordby G, Rostrup M, et al: Insulin sensitivity, sympathetic activity, and cardiovascular reactivity in young men. Am J Hypertens 8:268-275, 1995.
255. Moller L, Kristensen TS: Plasma fibrinogen and ischaemic heart disease risk factors. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 11:344-350, 1991.
256. Morikawa Y, Nakagawa H, Miura K, et al: Relationship between shift work and onset of hypertension in a cohort of manual workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 25:100-104, 1999.
257. Muller JE, Ludmer PL, Willich SN, et al: Circadian variation in the frequency of sudden cardiac death. Circulation 75:131-138, 1987.
258. Muller JE, Stone PH, Turi ZG, et al: Circadian variation in the frequency of onset of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 313:1315-1322, 1985.
259. Munck A, Naray-Fejes-Toth A: Glucocorticoid action. In De Groot LJ, Besser M, Burger HG, et al (eds): Endocrinology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co., 1995, pp 1642-1667.
260. Musselman DL, Tomer A, Manatunga AK, et al: Exaggerated platelet reactivity in major depression. Am J Psychiat 153:1313-1317, 1996.
261. Nabel EG, Ganz P, Gordon JB, et al: Dilation of normal and constriction of atherosclerotic coronary arteries caused by the cold pressor test. Circulation 77:43-52, 1988.
262. Natelson BH, Chang Q: Sudden death. A neurocardiologic phenomenon. Neural Clin 11:293-308, 1993.
263. Neill WA, Duncan DA, Kloster F, Mahler DJ: Response of the coronary circulation to cutaneous cold. Am J Med 56:471-476, 1974.
264. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute: Fact Book Fiscal Year 1996. Bethesda, MD, U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 1997.
265. Niaura R, Herbert PN, Saritelli AL, et al: Lipid and lipoprotein responses to episodic occupational and academic stress. Arch Intern Med 151:2172-2179, 1991.
266. Niaura R, Stoney CM, Herbert PN: Lipids in psychological research: The last decade. Biol Psychol 34:1-43, 1992.
267. Novo S, Barbagallo M, Abrignani MG, et al: Increased prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and transient episodes of myocardial ischemia in hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy but without clinical history of coronary heart disease. Am I Hypertension 10:843-851, 1997.
268. O'Brien JR: Some effects of adrenaline and anti-adrenaline compounds on platelets in vitro and in vivo. Nature 200:763-764, 1963.
269. Odemuyiwa O, Malik M, Farrell T, et al: Comparison of the predictive characteristics of heart rate variability index and left ventricular ejection fraction for all-cause mortality, arrhythmic events, and sudden death after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 68:434-439, 1991.
270. O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al: Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. New Engl J Med 340:14-22, 1999.
271. Oparil S, Chen YF, Berecek KH, et al: The role of the central nervous system in hypertension. In Laragh JH, Brenner BM (eds): Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, Raven Press, Ltd., 1995, pp 713-740.
272. Opherk D, Mall G, Zebe H: Reduction of coronary reserve: A mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with hypertension and normal coronary arteries. Circulation 69:1-7, 1984.
273. Patel MB, Steewart HM, Loud AV, et al: Altered function and structure of the heart in dogs with chronic elevation in plasma norepinephrine. Circulation 84:2091-2100, 1991.
274. Patterson SM, Krantz DS, Gottdiener JS, et al: Prothrombotic effects of environmental stress: Changes in platelet function, hematocrit, and total plasma protein. Psychosom Med 57:592-599, 1995.
275. Patterson SM, Matthews KA, Allen MT, Owens JF: Stress-induced hemoconcentration of blood cells and lipids in healthy women during acute psychological stress. Health Psychol 14:319-324, 1995.
276. Pauletto P, Scannapieco G, Pessina AC: Sympathetic drive and vascular damage in hypertension and atherosclerosis. Hypertension 17 Suppl III:III75-III81, 1991.
277. Pepine CJ: Coronary angiography and cardiac catheterization. In Topol EJ (ed): Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1998, pp 1935-1956.
278. Perloff D, Sokolow M, Cowan R: The prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure. JAMA 249:2792-2798, 1983.
279. Perloff D, Sokolow M, Cowan R, Juster RP: Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure measurements: Further analyses. J Hypertension 7 (Suppl 3):S3-S10, 1989.
280. Peter R, Alfredsson L, Hammar N, et al: High effort, low reward, and cardiovascular risk factors in employed Swedish men and women: Baseline results from the WOLF study. J Epidemiol Community Health 52:540-547, 1998.
281. Peter R, Siegrist J: Chronic work stress, sickness absence, and hypertension in middle managers: General or specific sociological explanations? Social Sci Med 45:1111-1120, 1997.
282. Peters ML, Godaert GL, Ballieux RE, et al: Cardiovascular and endocrine responses to experimental stress: Effects of mental effort and controllability. Psychoneuroendocrinology 23:1-17, 1998.
283. Peters RW, McQuillan S, Resnick SK, Gold MR: Increased Monday incidence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: Experience with a third-generation implantable defibrillator. Circulation 94:1346-1349, 1996.
284. Philipp T: Sympathetic nervous activity in essential hypertension: Activity and reactivity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 10 (Suppl 4):S31-S36, 1987.
285. Pichard A, Gorlin R, Smith H, et al: Coronary flow studies in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy of the hypertensive type: Evidence for an impaired coronary vascular reserve. Am J Cardiol 47:547, 1981.
286. Pickering TG: Ambulatory Monitoring and Blood Pressure Variability. London, Science Press, 1991.
287. Pickering TG: The effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on blood pressure and the intermediary role of the sympathetic nervous system. J Hum Hypertension 11 (Suppl 1):S9-S18, 1997.
288. Pickering TG: Psychosocial stress and hypertension. B: Clinical and experimental evidence. In Swales JD (ed): Textbook of Hypertension. London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994, pp 641-654.
289. Pieper C, LaCroix AZ, Karasek RA: The relation of psychosocial dimensions of work with coronary heart disease risk factors: A meta-analysis of five United States data bases. Am J Epidemiol 129:483-494, 1989.
290. Pollard T, Steptoe A, Canaan L, et al: The effects of academic examination stress on eating behavior and blood lipid levels. Int J Behav Med 2:299-320, 1995.
291. 289a. Pollard TM, Ungpakora G, Harrison GA, Parkes KR: Epinephrine and cortisol responses to work: A test of the models of Frankenhaeuser and Karasek. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 18:229-237, 1996.
292. Porte D: A receptor mechanism for the inhibition of insulin release by epinephrine in man. J Clin Invest 46:86-94, 1967.
293. Poulter NP, Sever PS: Low blood pressure populations and the impact of rural-urban migration. In Swales JD (ed): Textbook of Hypertension. London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994, pp 22-35.
294. Previtali M, Klersy C, Salerno J, et al: Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in Prinzmetal's variant angina: Clinical significance and relation to the degree and time course of S-T segment elevation. Am J Cardiol 52:19-25, 1983.
295. Pringle SD, Dunn FG, Tweddel AC, et al: Symptomatic and silent myocardial ischaemia in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Br Heart J 67:377-382, 1992.
296. Prisant LM, Carr AA: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and echocardiographic left ventricular wall thickness and mass. Am J Hypertension 3:81-89, 1990.
297. Pucheu A, La Croix H, Tonet JL, et al: Ventricular arrhythmias. In MacFarlane PW, Veitch Lawrie TD (eds): Comprehensive Electrocardiology. New York, Pergamon Press, 1989, pp 961-998.
298. Rabkin SW, Mathewson FAL, Tate RB: Chronobiology of cardiac sudden death in men. JAMA 44:1357-1358, 1980.
299. Ragland D, Winkelby MA, Schwalbe J, et al: Prevalence of hypertension in bus drivers. Int J Epidemiol 16:208-214, 1987.
300. Ragland DR, Greiner BA, Holman BL, Fisher JM: Hypertension and years of driving in transit vehicle operators. Scand J Soc Med 25:271-279, 1997.
301. Raizner AE, Chahnine RA, Ishimori T, et al: Provocation of coronary artery spasm by the cold pressor test. Circulation 62:925-932, 1981.
302. Ravogli A, Trazzi S, Villani A, et al: Early 24-hour blood pressure elevation in normotensive subjects with parental hypertension. Hypertension 16:491-497, 1990.
303. Reaven GM: Banting lecture: Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 37:1595-1607, 1988.
304. Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP: Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. New Engl J Med 336:973-979, 1997.
305. Rissler A, Elgerot A: Stressreacktioner vid overtidsarbete (Stress reactions during overtime work). Stockholm, Department of Psychology, University of Stockholm, 1978.
306. Robertson D, Johnson GA, Robertson RM, et al: Comparative assessment of stimuli that release neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamine in man. Circulation 59:637-642, 1979.
307. Robinson CC, Kuller LH, Perper J: An epidemiologic study of sudden death at work in an industrial county, 1979-1982. Am J Epidemiol 128:806-820, 1988.
308. Rosenman KD: Occupational heart disease. In Rom WN (ed): Environmental and Occupational Medicine. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1998, pp 733-741.
309. Rosenstock L, Cullen MR: Clinical Occupational Medicine. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1986.
310. Rosmond R, Bjoratorp P: The interactions between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor I, and abdominal obesity with metabolism and blood pressure in men. Int J Obesity Rel Metab Disorders 22:1184-1196, 1998.
311. Rosmond R, Dallman MF, Bjorntorp P: Stress-related cortisol secretion in men: Relationship with abdominal obesity and endocrine, metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:1853-1859, 1998.
312. Ross R: Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease. New Engl J Med 340:115-126, 1999.
313. Rostrup M, Ekeberg O: Awareness of high blood pressure influences on psychological and sypathetic responses. J Psychosom Research 36-2:117-123, 1992.
314. Rostrup M, Kjeldsen SE, Eide IK: Awareness of hypertension increases blood pressure and sympathetic responses to cold pressor test. Am J Hypertens 3:912-917, 1990.
315. Rostrup M, Mundal HH, Westheim A, Eide I: Awareness of high blood pressure increases arterial plasma catecholamines, platelet noradrenaline, and adrenergic responses to mental stress. J Hypertens 9:159-166, 1991.
316. Rostrup M, Westheim A, Kjeldsen SE, Eide I: Cardiovascular reactivity, coronary risk factors and sympathetic activity in young men. Hypertension 22:891-899, 1993.
317. Rozanski A, Bairey N, Krantz DS, et al: Mental stress and the induction of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 318:1005-1012, 1988.
318. Rozanski A, Krantz DS, Bairey CN: Ventricular responses to mental stress testing in patients with coronary artery disease. Pathophysiological implications. Circulation 83 Suppl II, 1991.
319. Rubin RT: Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression I. Cortisol secretory dynamics in patients and matched control subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:328-336, 1987.
320. Sambhi MP, Weil MH, Udhoji VN: Pressor response to norepinephrine in humans before and after corticosteroids. Am J Physiol 103:961-963, 1962.
321. Sawada Y: Reproducible increases in blood pressure during intermittent noise exposure: Underlying haemodynamic mechanisms specific to passive coping. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 67:367-374, 1993.
322. Schatzkin A, Cupples A, Heeren T, et al: Epidemiology of sudden unexpected death: Risk factors for men and women in Framingham. Am Heart J 107:1300-1306, 1984.
323. Schiffer F, Hartley LH, Schuhnan CL, Abelmann WH: Evidence for emotionally-induced coronary arerial spasm in patients with angina pectoris. Br Heart J 44:62-66, 1980.
324. Schlesinger Z, Barzilay J, Stryjer D, Almog CH: Life-threatening "vagal reaction" to emotional stimuli. Israel J Med Sci 13:59-61, 1977.
325. Schnall PL, Devereux RB, Pickering TG, Schwartz JE: The relationship between job strain, workplace diastolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass index: A correction [letter; comment]. JAMA 267:1209, 1992.
326. Schnall PL, Landsbergis PA, Baker D: Job strain and cardiovascular disease. Annu Rev Public Health 15:381-411, 1994.
327. Schnall PL, Landsbergis PA, Schwartz J, et al: A longitudinal study of job strain and ambulatory blood pressure: Results from a three-year follow-up. Psychosom Med 60:697-706, 1998.
328. Schnall PL, Pieper C, Schwartz JE, et al: The relationship between job strain, workplace diastolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass index. Results of a case-control study [published erratum appears in JAMA 1992 Mar 4;267(9):1209]. JAMA 263:1929-1935, 1990.
329. Schnall PL, Schwartz JE, Landsbergis PA, et al: Relation between job strain, alcohol, and ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertension 19:488-494, 1992.
330. Schwartz JE, Warren K, Pickering TG: Mood, location and physical position as predictors of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate: Application of a multi-level random effects model. Ann Behav Med 16:210-220, 1994.
331. Schwartz JE, Pickering TG, Landsbergis PA: Work-related stress and blood pressure: Current theoretical models and considerations from a behavioral medicine perspective. J Occup Health Psychol 1:287-310, 1996.
332. Schwartz PJ, Zaza A, Locati E, et al: Stress and sudden death: the case of the long QT syndrome. Circulation Suppl:II-71-II-80, 1991.
333. Seligman M: Helplessness - On Depression, Development, and Death. San Francisco, Freeman, 1975.
334. Selye H: The Physiology and Pathology of Exposure to Stress. Montreal, ACTA Press, 1950.
335. Sen S, Tarazi RC, Khairallah P, Bumpus M: Cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circ Res 35:775-781, 1974.
336. Servatius RJ, Ottenweller JE, Gross JL, Natelson BH: Persistent plasma cholesterol elevations are produced by one or three Stressor exposures in rats fed a normal laboratory diet. Physiol Behav 53:1101-1104, 1993.
337. Sheehan FH, Epstein SE: Determinants of arrhythmic death due to coronary spasm: Effect of preexisting coronary artery stenosis on the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia. Circulation 65:259-264, 1982.
338. Sheldahl LM, Wilke NA, Dougherty S, Tristani FE: Cardiac responses to combined moderate heat and exercise in men with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 70:186-191, 1992.
339. Sheldahl LM, Wilke NA, Tristani FE, Kalbfleisch JH: Responses of patients after myocardial infarction to carrying a graded series of weight loads. Am J Cardiol 52:698-703, 1983.
340. Shepherd JT, Blomquist CG, Lind AR, et al: Static (isometric) exercise: Retrospection and introspection. Circ Res Suppl 48:1-179, 1981.
341. Sheps DS, Ballenger MN, DeGent G, et al: Psychophysical responses to a speech stressor: Correlation of plasma beta-endorphin levels at rest and after psychological stress with thermally measured pain threshold in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 25:1499-1503, 1995.
342. Sheridan DJ, Penkoske PA, Sobel BE, Corr PB: Alpha-adrenergic contributions to dysrhythmia during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in cats. J Clin Invest 65:161-171, 1980.
343. Siegrist J: Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. J Occup Health Psychol 1:27-41, 1996.
344. Siegrist J, Peter R, Cremer P, Seidel D: Chronic work stress is associated with atherogenic lipids and elevated fibrinogen in middle aged men. J Intern Med 242:149-156, 1997.
345. Siegrist J, Peter R, Georg W, et al: Psychosocial and biobehavioral characteristics of hypertensive men with elevated amerogenic lipids. Atherosclerosis 86:211-218, 1991.
346. Singer DH, Baumgarten CM, Ten Eick RE: Cellular electrophysiology of ventricular and other dysrhythmias: Studies on diseased and ischemic heart. In Sonnenblick EH, Lesen M (eds): Sudden Cardiac Death. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1981, pp 13-72.
347. Sjogren B: Occupational exposure to dust: Inflammation and ischaemic heart disease. Occup Environ Med 54:466-469, 1997.
348. Skantze HB, Kaplan J, Pettersson K, et al: Psychosocial stress causes endothelial injury in cynomolgus monkeys via beta 1-adrenoceptor activation. Atherosclerosis 136:153-161, 1998.
349. Skinner JE: Regulation of cardiac vulnerability by the cerebral defense system. J Am Coll Cardiol 5:88B-94B, 1985.
350. Skinner JE, Lie JT, Entman ML: Modification of ventricular fibrillation latency following coronary artery occlusion in the conscious pig: The effects of psychological stress and beta-adrenergic blockage. Circulation 51:656-667, 1975.
351. Sluiter JK, van der Beek AJ, Frings-Dresen MH: Work stress and recovery measured by urinary catecholamines and cortisol excretion in long-distance coach drivers. Occup Environ Med 55:407-413, 1998.
352. Staten MA, Matthews DE, Cryer PE, Bier DM: Physiological increments in epinephrine metabolic rate in humans. Am J Physiol 253:E322-330, 1987.
353. Steptoe A, Cropley M, Joekes K: Job strain, blood pressure, and response to uncontrollable stress. J Hypertens 17:193-200, 1999.
354. Steptoe A, Vogele C: Methodology of mental stress testing in cardiovascular research. Circulation Suppl II 83:II14-II24, 1991.
355. Steptoe A, Wardle J, Lipsey Z, et al: The effects of life stress on food choice. In Murcott A (ed): The Nation's Diet. London, Longman, 1998, pp 29-42.
356. Strachan DP, Carrington D, Mendall MA, et al: Relation of Chlamydia pneumoniae serology to mortality and incidence of ischaemic heart disease over 13 years in the Caerphilly prospective heart disease study. Br Med J 318:1035-1040, 1999.
357. Struijker-Boudier HAJ: Vascular growth and hypertension. In Swales JD (ed): A Textbook of Hypertension. London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994, pp 200-213.
358. Surawicz B: Ventricular fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 28:268-287, 1971.
359. Swynghedauw B, Delcayre C, Cheav SL, et al: Biological basis of diastolic dysfunction of the hypertensive heart. Eur Heart J 13 Suppl D:2-8, 1992.
360. Taccola A, Assandri J, Gotti GB: Dynamic electrocardiographic findings in a precision casting factory. Med Lav 70:215-222, 1979.
361. Tafalla RJ, Evans GW: Noise, physiology and human performance: The potential role of effort. J Occup Health Psychol 2:148-155, 1997.
362. Taggart P, Carruthers M: Endogenous hyperlipidemia induced by emotional stress of racing driving. Lancet 1:363-366, 1971.
363. Taggart P, Camithers M, Somerville W: Electrocardiogram, plasma catecholamines and lipids, and their modification by oxyprenolol when speaking before and audience. Lancet 2:341-346, 1973.
364. Taggart P, Gibbons D, Somerville W: Some effects of motor-car driving on the normal and abnormal heart. Br Med J 4:130-134, 1969.
365. Taggart P, Parkinson P, Carruthers M: Cardiac responses to thermal, physical, and emotional stress. Br Med J 3:71-76, 1972.
366. Talbott E, Helmkamp J, Matthews K, Kuller L, et al: Occupational noise exposure, noise-induced hearing loss, and the epidemiology of high blood pressure. Am J Epidemiol 121:501-514, 1985.
367. Talbott EO, Gibson LB, Burks A, et al: Evidence for a dose-response relationship between occupational noise and blood pressure. Arch Environ Health 54:71-78, 1999.
368. Ten Eick RE, Baumgarten CM, Singer DH: Ventricular dysrhythmias: Membrane basis of current, channels, gates and cables. In Sonnenblick EH, Lesch M (eds): Sudden Cardiac Death. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1981, pp 73-104.
369. Thaulow E, Erikssen J, Sandvik L, et al: Blood platelet count and function are related to total and cardiovascular death in apparently healthy men. Circulation 84:613-617, 1991.
370. Theorell T: Prolactin - a hormone that mirrors passiveness in crisis situations. Integr Physiol Behav Sci 27:32-38, 1992.
371. Theorell T, Ahlberg-Hulten G, Jodko M, et al: Influence of job strain and emotion on blood pressure in female hospital personnel during work hours. Scand J Work Environ Health 19:313-318, 1993.
372. Theorell T, Hjemdahl P, Ericsson F, et al: Psychosocial and physiological factors in relation to blood pressure at rest-a study of Swedish men in their upper twenties. J Hypertens 3:591-600, 1985.
373. Theorell T, Karasek RA, Eneroth P: Job strain variations in relation to plasma testosterone fluctuations in working men-a longitudinal study. J Intern Med 227:31-36, 1990.
374. Theorell T, Leymann H, Jodko M, et al: "Person-under train" incidents: Medical consequences for subway drivers. Psychosom Med 54:480-488, 1992.
375. Theorell T, Perski A, Akerstedt T, et al: Changes in job strain in relation to changes in physiological states - a longitudinal study. Scand J Work Environ Health 14:189-196, 1988.
376. Timio M, Gentili S, Pede S: Free adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion related to occupational stress. Br Heart J 42:471-474, 1979.
377. Tofler GH: Triggering and the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J 134:S55-S61, 1997.
378. Torp-Pedersen C, Kober L, Elming H, Burchart H: Classification of sudden and arrhythmic death. PACE 20:2545-2552, 1997.
379. Turkkan JS, Harris AH, Goldstein DS: Do chronically repeated episodes cause sustained elevations in blood pressure? In Weiss SM, Matthews KA, Detre T, Graef JA (eds): Stress, Reactivity, and Cardiovascular Disease, NIH Publication NO. 84-2698, 1984, p 237.
380. Tzivoni D, Stern S: Complementary role of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise testing in evaluation of myocardial ischemia. Cardiol Clin 10:461-466, 1992.
381. Ugljesic M, Belkic K, Boskovic S, et al: Porast arterijskog krvnog pritiska tokom rada i profil rizika kod stresogenih profesija: novinari i vozaci gradskog saobrcaja (Increased arterial blood pressure during work and risk profile among high-stress occupations: journalists and city mass transit drivers). Kardiologija 13:150-154, 1992.
382. van Amelsvoort LGPM: Coronary heart disease among truck drivers. Report of the International Workshop on the Epidemiology of Coronary Heart Disease among European Truck Drivers. Bilthoven, European Commission, 1995.
383. Van der Loo B, Martin JF: Megakaryocytes and platelets in vascular disease. Baillieres Clin Haematol 10:109-123, 1997.
384. Vandevoir D, Gournay M: Coronary and vascular pathology in dynamite workers. Phlebologie 42:223-232, 1989.
385. Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, et al: Ambulatory blood pressure: An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension 24:793-801, 1994.
386. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Guerrieri M, et al: Circadian blood pressure changes and left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. Hypertension 16:528-536, 1990.
387. Verdun di Cantogno L, Dallerba R, Teagno PS, et al: Urban traffic noise, cardiocirculatory, and coronary risk factors. Acta Otolaryng Suppl 339:55-63, 1976.
388. Verrier RL: Neural factors and ventricular electrical instability. In Kulbertus HE, Wellens HJJ (eds): Sudden Death. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1980, pp 137-155.
389. Waldron I, Nowatarski M, Freimer M, et al: Cross-cultural variation in blood pressure: A qualitative analysis of the relationship of blood pressure to cultural characteristics, salt consumption, and body weight. Soc Sci Med 16:419-430, 1982.
390. Warren JV: Monday morning sudden death. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association 99:10-16, 1987.
391. Wellens HJJ, Vermeulan A, Durrer D: Ventricular fibrillation occurring on arousal from sleep by auditory stimuli. Circulation 46:661-665, 1972.
392. Wemm KM Jr, Trestman RL: The effects of a laboratory stressor on natural killer cell function in chronic fatigue syndrome patients (letter). Psychosomatics 32:470-471, 1991.
393. Wenger NK: Occupation and cardiovascular disease. In Hurst W, Schlant R, Rackley CE, et al (eds): The Heart. New York, McGraw-Hill Services Company, 1990, pp 1666-1669.
394. Whelton PK, He J, Klag MJ: Blood pressure in Westernized populations. In Swales JD (ed): Textbook of Hypertension. London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994, pp 11-21.
395. White HD: Unstable angina. Ischemic syndromes. In Topol EJ (ed): Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1998, pp 365-393.
396. Whitworth JA, Gordon D, Andrews J, Scoggins BA: The hypertensive effect of synthetic glucocorticoids in man: Role of sodium and volume. J Hypertens 7:535-549, 1989.
397. Williams GH, Dluhy RG: Diseases of the adrenal cortex. In Wilson JD, Brauwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al (eds): Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1991, pp 1713-1735.
398. Williams JK, Vita JA, Manuck SB, et al: Psychosocial factor impact in vascular responses of coronary arteries. Circulation 84:2146-2153, 1991.
399. Willich SN, Goldberg RJ, Maclure M, et al: Increased onset of sudden cardiac death in the first 3 hours after awakening. Am J Cardiol 70:65-68, 1992.
400. Willich SN, Linderer T, Wegscheider K, et al: Increasing morning incidence of myocardial infarction in the ISAM Study: Absence with prior beta-adrenergic blockade. Circulation 80:853-858, 1989.
401. Willich SN, Lowel H, Lewis M, et al: Weekly variation of acute myocardial infarction: Increased Monday risk in the working population. Circulation 90:87-93, 1994.
402. Willich SN, Maclure M, Mittleman M, et al: Sudden cardiac death support for a role of triggering in causation. Circulation 87:1442-1450, 1993.
403. Winkleby MA, Ragland DR, Fisher JM, Syme SL: Excess risk of sickness and disease in bus drivers: A review and synthesis of epidemiological studies. Int J Epidemiol 17:255-262, 1988.
404. Wit AL, Rosen MR: Cellular electrophysiological mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. In MacFarlane PW, Veitch Lawrie TD (eds): Comprehensive Electrocardiology. New York, Pergamon Press, 1989, pp 801-841.
405. Wolf S: Sudden death and the oxygen-conserving reflex. Am Heart J 71:840-841, 1966.
406. Yamasaki F, Schwartz JE, Gerber LM, et al: Impact of shift work and race/ethnicity on the diurnal rhythm of blood pressure and catecholamines. Hypertension 32:417-423, 1998.
407. Yasue H, Kugiyama K: Coronary spasm: Clinical features and pathogenesis. Int Med 36:760-765, 1997.
408. Yasue H, Omote S, Takizawa A, Nagao M: Coronary artery spasm in ischemic heart disease and its pathogenesis. A review. Circulation Research 52:1145-1152, 1983.
409. Yeung AC, Vekshtein VI, Drantz DS, et al: The effects of atherosclerosis on the vasomotor responses of coronary arteries to mental stress. N Engl J Med 325:1551-1556, 1991.
410. Yokoyama E, Teru S, Mijake T, et al: Health care of truck drivers with reference to blood pressure control. Nihon Univ J Med 27:225-238, 1985.
411. Zhou D, Kusnecov AW, Shurin MR, et al: Exposure to physical and psychological stressors elevates plasma interleukin 6: Relationship to the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Endocrinology 133:2523-2530, 1993.
412. Zipes DP, Gilmour RF, Martinus JB, Ruffy R: Autonomic nervous system and sudden death. In Kulbertus HE, Wellens HJJ (eds): Sudden Death. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1980, pp 156-162.
413. Zipes DP, Inoue H: Autonomic neural control of cardiac excitable properties. In Kulbertus HE, Franck G (eds): Neurocardiology. Mount Kisco, Futura Publishing, 1988, pp 59-84.