Class politics and political context in Britain, 1964-1997: Have voters become more individualized?

European Sociological Review

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 215-228

  Andersen, Robert ^a   Yang, Min ^b   Heath, Anthony F ^c  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33749548264     PISSN: 02667215     EISSN: 14682672     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/esr/jci053     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Andersen, R. (2003). Do Newspapers Enlighten Preferences? Personal Ideology, Party Choice, and the Electoral Cycle: The United Kingdom, 1992-97. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 36, 601-620.
2. Andersen, R. and Evans, G. (2003). Who Blairs Wins? Leadership and voting in the 2001 election. British Elections & Parties Review, 13, 229-247.
3. Andersen, R. and Heath, A. (2002). Class Matters: The Persisting Effects of Contextual Social Class on Individual Voting Behavior in Britain, 1964-97. European Sociological Review, 18, 125-138.
4. Andersen, R., Tilley, J. and Heath, A. (2005). Political Knowledge and Enlightened Preferences: Party Choice Through the Electoral Cycle. British Journal of Political Science, 35, 285-302.
5. Ansolabehere, S. and Iyengar, S. (1994). Of horse-shoes and horse races: experimental studies of the impact of poll results on electoral behaviour. Political Communication, 11, 413-430.
6. Beck, U. (1992). Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Sage: London.
7. Beck, U. and Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2002). Individualization: Institutionalized Individualism and its Social and Political Consequences. London: Sage.
8. Berelson, B., Lazarsfeld, P. F. and McPhee, W. N. (1954). Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
9. Brint, S. (1984). New Class and Cumulative Trend Explanations of the Liberal Attitudes of Professionals. American Journal of Sociology, 90, 30-71.
10. Brint, S. (1994). In an Age of Experts: The Changing Role of Professionals in Politics and Public Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
11. Brooks, C. and Manza, J. (1997). Class Politics and Political Change in the United States, 1952-1992. Social Forces, 76, 379-408.
12. Bryk, A. and Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical Linear Models. London: Sage.
13. Caldeira, G. A. and Patterson, S. C. (1982a). Contextual Influences on Participation in U.S. State Legislative Elections. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 7, 359-81.
14. Caldeira, G. A. and Patterson, S. C. (1982b). Bringing Home the Votes: Electoral Outcomes in State Legislative Races. Political Behavior, 4, 33-67.
15. Clark, T. N. and Lipset, S. M. (1991). Are Social Classes Dying? International Sociology, 8, 397-410.
16. Cox, K. R. (1969). The Spatial structuring of information flow and partisan attitudes. In Dogan, M. and Rokkan, S. (Eds), Quantitative Ecological Analysis in the Social Sciences. Quantitative Ecological Analysis in the Social Sciences, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 157-185.
17. Cox, K. R. (1970). Residential relocation and political behavior: conceptual model and empirical tests. Acta Sociologica, 13, 40-53.
18. Cox, K. R. (1971). The spatial components of urban voting response surfaces. Economic Geography, 47, 27-35.
19. DeGraaf, N. D., Nieuwbeerta. P. and Heath, A. (1995). Class Mobility and Political Preferences: Individual and Contextual Effects. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 997-1027.
20. Epstein, D. and Zemsky, P. (1995). Money Talks: Deterring Quality Challengers in Congressional Elections. American Political Science Review, 89, 295-308.
21. Evans, G., Heath, A. and Payne, C. (1999). Class: Labour as a Catch-All Party? In Evans, G. and Norris, P. (Eds), Critical Elections, London: Sage.
22. Fisher, S. (2000). Class Contextual Effects on the Conservative Vote in 1983. British Journal of Political Science, 30, 347-382.
23. Gerber, A. (1998) Estimating the Effect of Campaign Spending on Senate election Outcomes Using Instrumental Variables. American Political Science Review, 92, 401-411.
24. Giddens, A. (1990). The Consequences of Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
25. Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
26. Goldstein, H. (1995). Multilevel Statistical Models. London: Edward Arnold.
27. Goldthorpe, J. H. (1980). Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
28. Goldthorpe, J. H. and Heath, A. F. (1992). Revised class schema 1992. CREST working paper no 13.
29. Great Britain. Home Office (1964). Election Expenses. London: HMSO.
30. Great Britain. Home Office (1970). Election Expenses. London: HMSO.
31. Great Britain. Home Office (1974). Election Expenses. London: HMSO.
32. Great Britain. Home Office (1979). Election Expenses. London: HMSO.
33. Great Britain. Home Office (1983). Election Expenses. London: HMSO.
34. Great Britain. Home Office (1987). Election Expenses. London: HMSO.
35. Great Britain. Home Office (1992b). Election Expenses. London: HMSO.
36. Great Britain. Home Office (1997). Election Expenses. London: HMSO.
37. Great Britain. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1972). Census 1971. London: HMSO.
38. Great Britain. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1982). Census 1981. London: HMSO.
39. Great Britain. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1992a). 1991 Census. London: HMSO.
40. Green, D. P. and Krasno, J. S. (1990) Rebuttal to Jacoson's 'New Evidence for Old Arguments'. American Journal of Political Science, 34, 363-372.
41. Heath, A. F., Yang, M. and Goldstein, H. (1996). Multilevel analysis of the changing relationship between class and party in Britain 1964-1992. Quality & Quantity, 30, 389-404.
42. Heath, A., Jowell, R. and Curtice, J. (2001). The Rise of New Labour: Party Policies and Voter Choices. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
43. Hout, M., Brooks, C. and Manza, J. (1993). The persistence of classes in post-industrial Societies. International Sociology, 8, 259-77.
44. Huckfeldt, R. and Sprague. J. (1987). Networks in Context: The Social Flow of Political Information. American Political Science Review, 81,1197-1216.
45. Inglehart, R. (1987). Value change in industrial societies. American Political Science Review 81, 1289-1303.
46. Inglehart, R. (1990). Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
47. Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
48. Jacobson, G. C. (1978) The Effects of Campaign Spending in Congressional Elections. American Political Science Review, 72, 469-491.
49. Jacobson, G. C. (1990) The Effects of Campaign Spending in House Elections: New Evidence for Old Arguments. American Journal of Political Science, 34, 334-362.
50. Johnston, R. J. (1979a) Campaign Spending and Votes: A Reconsideration. Public Choice, 33, 83-92.
51. Johnston, R. J. (1979b) Campaign Spending and the Efficacy of Advertising at the 1974 General Election in England. Political Studies, 27, 114-119.
52. Johnston, R. J. (1981). Campaign Expenditure and the Efficacy of Advertising: A Response. Political Studies, 29, 113-114.
53. Johnston, R. J. (1986). A Further Look at British Political Finance. Political Studies, 34, 466-473.
54. Johnston, R. J. (1987). Money and Votes: Constituency Campaign Spending and Election Results. London: Croom Helm.
55. Johnston, R. J., Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, L. C. (1989). The Impact of Constituency Spending on the Result of the 1987 British General Election. Electoral Studies, 8, 143-155.
56. Kelley, J. and McAllister, I. (1985). Social Context and Electoral Behavior in Britain. American Journal of Political Science, 29, 564-586.
57. Lazarsfeld, P. F., Berelson, B. and Gaudet, H. (1944). The People's Choice. New York: Columbia University Press.
58. Lewis-Beck, M. S. and Stegmaier, M. (2000). Economic Determinants of Electoral Outcomes, Annual Review of Political Science, 3, 183-219.
59. McAllister, I. and Studlar, D. (1991). Bandwagon, underdog, or projection? Opinion polls and electoral choice in Britain, 1979-1987. Journal of Politics, 53, 720-741.
60. McAllister, I., Pattie, C. J., Tunstall, H., Dorling, D. F. L. and Rossiter, D. J. (2001). Class dealignment and the neighbourhood effect: Miller revisited. British Journal of Political Science, 31, 41-60.
61. Manza, J., Hout, M. and Brooks, C. (1995). Class Voting in Capitalist Democracies Since World War II: Dealignment, Realignment, or Trendless Fluctuation? Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 137-162.
62. Miller, W. L. (1978). Social Class and Party Choice in England: A New Analysis. British Journal of Political Science, 8, 257-284.
63. Nieuwbeerta, P. and de Graaf, N. D. (1999) Traditional Class Voting in Twenty Postwar Societies. In Evans, G. (Ed.), The End of Class Politics? Class Voting in Comparative Context. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
64. Offe, C. (1985). New Social Movements: Challenging the Boundaries of Institutional Politics. Social Research, 52, 817-868.
65. Pakulski, J. and Waters, M. (1996). The Death of Class. London, Sage.
66. Parkin, F. (1967). Working Class Conservatives: a theory of political deviance. British Journal of Sociology, 18, 278-290.
67. Pattie, C. J. and Johnston, R. J. (1999). Context, Conversation and Conviction: Social Networks and Voting at the 1992 British General Election. Political Studies, 47, 877-889.
68. Pattie, C. J., Whitely, P., Johnston, R. and Seyd, P. (1994). Measuring Local Campaign Effects: Labour Party Constituency Campaigning at the 1987 General Election. Political Studies, 42, 469-79.
69. Pattie, C. J., Johnston, R. J. and Fieldhouse, E. A. (1995). Winning the Local Vote: The Effectiveness of Constituency Campaign Spending in Great Britain, 1983-1992. American Political Science Review, 89, 969-983.
70. Przeworski, A. and Soares, G. (1971). Theories in Search of a Curve: A Contextual Interpretation of the Left Vote. American Political Science Review, 65, 51-68.
71. Rasmussen, J. (1973). Impact of Constituency Structural Characteristics upon Political Preferences in Britain. Comparative Politics, 6, 123-146.
72. Rodriguez, G. and Goldman, N. (1995). An Assessment of Estimation Procedures for Multilevel Models with Binary Responses. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 158, 73-90.
73. Silberman, J. and Yochum, G. (1978) The Role of Money in Determining Election Outcomes. Social Science Quarterly, 58, 671-682.
74. South, S. J. and Crowder, K. D. (2000). The Declining Significance of Neighborhoods? Marital transitions in Community Context. Social Forces, 78, 1067-1099.
75. Tolnay, S. E. and Crowder, K. D. (1999). Regional Origin and Family Stability in Northern Cities: The Role of Context. American Sociological Review, 64, 97-112.
76. Tucker, H. J. (1986) Contextual Models of Participation in U.S. State Legislative Elections. The Western Political Quarterly, 39, 67-78.
77. Weakliem, D. L. (1991). The Two Lefts? Occupation and Party Choice in France, Italy, and the Netherlands. American Journal of Sociology, 96, 1327-1361.
78. Yang, M., Rasbash, J., Goldstein, H. and Barbosa, M. (1999). MLwiN Macros for Advanced Multilevel Modeling. Version 2.0. London: University of London, Institute of Education, Multilevel Models Project.
79. Yang, M., Goldstein, H. and Heath, A. (2000). Multilevel models for repeated binary outcomes: attitudes and voting over the electoral cycle. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 163, 49-62.