Blair, brown and the gleneagles agenda: Making poverty history, or confronting the global politics of unequal development?

International Affairs

Volumn 82, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 917-935

  Payne, Anthony ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33749530891     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: 14682346     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00578.x     Document Type: Review

References (69)

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3. Brown, 'Speech at CAFOD's Pope Paul VI Memorial Lecture'.
4. Tony Blair, 'Special address by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the World Economic Forum in Davos', 27 Jan. 2005, available at http://www.g8.gov.uk, accessed 24 April 2006.
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7. William Blyth, Duncan Brack, Sam Hardy, Laurence Simms and Stephen Thomsen, 'Blair's G8 gamble: prospects for Gleneagles', Chatham House Briefing Paper no. 05/01 (London: Chatham House, June 2005).
8. For generally supportive accounts that nevertheless concede this weakness, see Nicholas Bayne, Hanging in there: the G7 and G8 summit in maturity and renewal (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000),
9. and Staying together: the G8 summit confronts the 21st century (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005).
10. For exceptions, see Andrew Baker, 'The G7 as a global "ginger group": plurilateralism and four-dimensional diplomacy', Global Governance 6: 2, 2000, pp. 165-89;
11. Hugo Dobson, 'The G8 and global governance: concert diplomacy in an age of globalisation', in Glenn Hook and Hugo Dobson, eds, Global governance and Japan (London: Routledge, forthcoming 2006).
12. John Kirton, 'Explaining G8 effectiveness', in M. R. Hodges, J. J. Kirton and J. P. Daniels, eds, The G8's role in the new millennium (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999), p. 46.
13. The phraseology in these bullet points is taken from the so-called chair's summary issued by the UK government in Blair's name at the end of the meeting, available at http://www.g8.gov.uk.
14. 'Trade', statement issued by the G8 Gleneagles 2005, available at http://www.g8.gov.uk.
15. 'Climate change, energy and sustainable development', statement issued by the G8, Gleneagles 2005, available at http://www.g8.gov.uk.
16. 'Joint declaration of the heads of state and/or government of Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa, participating in the G8 Gleneagles summit', issued by the Embassy of Brazil, London, 7 July 2005, available at http://www.brazil.org.uk, accessed 26 April 2006.
17. All quotations in this paragraph are derived from 'British Prime Minister Tony Blair reflects on "significant progress" of G8 summit', statement to journalists, 8 July 2005, available at http://www.g8.gov.uk.
18. For discussion of the perils of NGOs working too closely with the government of the day on these issues, see Katharine Quarmby, 'Why Oxfam is failing Africa', New Statesman, 30 May 2005.
19. 'Detailed statement in response to G8 communiqué', 8 July 2005, available at http://www.makepovertyhistory.org, accessed 26 April 2006.
20. See e.g. George Monbiot, 'And still he stays silent', Guardian, 6 Sept. 2005.
21. For Geldof 's eventual response, see Bob Geldof, 'What did 2005 achieve for Africa?', Guardian, 28 Dec. 2005.
22. Catholic Agency for Overseas Development, 'CAFOD reaction to the G8: analysis', available at http://www. cafod.org, accessed 27 April 2006.
23. Quoted in Rachel Shabi, 'Was Africa short changed?', 13 July 2005, available at http://www.focusweb.org, accessed 27 April 2006.
24. 'Tony Blair makes statement to Parliament on the G8 summit', 11 July 2005, available at http://www.g8.gov.uk.
25. Anthony Payne, The global politics of unequal development (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).
26. Jan Nederveen Pieterse, 'The development of development theory: towards critical globalism', Review of International Political Economy 3: 4, 1996, p. 543 (emphasis added).
27. Björn Hettne, Development theory and the three worlds: towards an international political economy of development (Harlow: Longman, 1995), p. 263.
28. Philip McMichael, Development and social change: a global perspective (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge, 2000), p. 150.
29. Stuart Corbridge, 'Post-Marxism and development studies: beyond the impasse', World Development 18: 5, 1990, pp. 623-39.
30. Payne, Global politics of unequal development, p. 41.
31. See Ngaire Woods, 'The shifting politics of foreign aid', International Affairs 81: 2, 2005, pp. 393-409.
32. Craig Burnside and David Dollar, 'Aid, policies, and growth', American Economic Review 90: 4, 2000, pp. 847-68.
33. William Easterly, Ross Levine and David Roodman, New data, new doubts: a comment on Burnside and Dollar's 'Aid, policies, and growth', Working Paper No. 9846 (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2003).
34. See e.g. Ian Taylor, '"Advice is judged by results, not intentions": why Gordon Brown is wrong about Africa', International Affairs 81: 2, 2005, pp. 299-310,
35. and 'Challenges facing the Commonwealth and the Millennium Development Goals in Africa', unpublished paper presented to Round Table meeting on 'The Commonwealth after Valetta', Cumberland Lodge, Windsor, Jan. 2006.
36. Max Lawson and Duncan Green, 'Gleneagles: what really happened at the G8 summit?', Oxfam Briefing Note, 29 July 2005, pp. 2-3.
37. Lawson and Green, 'Gleneagles', p. 4.
38. See Julian Borger, 'Road map for US relations with rest of world', Guardian, 27 Aug. 2005.
39. 2005 World Summit Outcome, Resolution 60/1 adopted by the General Assembly, available at http://www. un.org/summit2005/documents.html, accessed 1 May 2006.
40. Gordon Brown, 'Address to the Chatham House conference on corporate social responsibility', 22 Jan. 2003, Chatham House, London, available at http:/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk, accessed 24 April 2006.
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42. Communiqué, 'The Global Fund's first replenishment 2006-2007', third meeting, London, 5-6 Sept. 2005, available at http://www.theglobalfund. org, accessed 27 April 2006.
43. For specific discussions of HIPC, see A. R. Boote and K. Thugge, Debt relief for low-income countries and the HIPC initiatives, Working Paper WP/97/24 (Washington DC: IMF, 1997);
44. Tony Killick, 'HIPC II and conditionality: business as before or a new beginning?', unpublished paper commissioned by the Commonwealth Secretariat for policy workshop on 'Debt, HIPC and Poverty Reduction', London, July 2000;
45. J. J. Teunissen and A. Akkerman, eds, HIPC debt relief: myths and reality (The Hague: FONDAD, 2004).
46. See Gail Hurley, 'Devilish details: implications of the G7 debt deal', European Network on Debt and Development NGO Briefing, Brussels, 14 June 2005, available at http://www.eurodad.org, accessed 28 April 2006.
47. See 'Communiqué of the International Monetary and Financial Committee of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund', Washington DC, 24 Sept. 2005;
48. 'Press conference on the 2005 annual meeting of the International Monetary and Financial Committee with Gordon Brown, UK Chancellor of the Exchequer and Chairman of the IMFC, and Roderigo de Rato, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund', Washington DC, 24 Sept. 2005, both available at http://www.imf.org, accessed 28 April 2006.
49. 'IMF concedes on 19 out of 20 but still a long way to go on debt cancellation', European Network on Debt and Development press release, Brussels, 10 Jan. 2006, available at http://www.eurodad.org.
50. 'IMF concedes on 19 out of 20'.
51. For good accounts of trade negotiations under the WTO, see Rorden Wilkinson, Multilateralism and the World Trade Organization: the architecture and extension of international trade regulation (London: Routledge, 2000);
52. Amrita Narlikar, International trade and developing countries: bargaining coalitions in the GATT and the WTO (London: Routledge, 2003);
53. Amrita Narlikar and Rorden Wilkinson, 'Collapse at the WTO: a Cancún post-mortem', Third World Quarterly 25: 3, 2004, pp. 447-60.
54. See Rorden Wilkinson, 'The WTO in Hong Kong: what it really means for the Doha Development Agenda', New Political Economy 11: 2, 2006, pp. 291-303.
55. For the precise wording of all of these agreements, see Doha Work Programme Ministerial Declaration, adopted 18 Dec. 2005, WT/MIN(O5)/DEC, Hong Kong, available at http://www.wto.org, accessed 27 April 2006.
56. See Martin Khor, 'Brief analysis of the WTO's sixth ministerial conference', Third World Network, 20 Dec. 2005, available at http://www.twnside.org, accessed 27 April 2006.
57. See Fatoumata Jawara and Aileen Kwa, Behind the scenes at the WTO: the real world of international trade negotiations (London: Zed, 2003).
58. See the reported remarks of Brazilian President Lula da Silva and Foreign Minister Celso Amorim at a summit meeting of the leaders of the Progressive Governance Network held near Pretoria in South Africa in mid-February 2006. Tony Blair was also present at the talks. Business Day ( Johannesburg), 13 Feb. 2006.
59. For good studies, see M. Grubb, with C. Vrolijk and D. Brack, The Kyoto Protocol: a guide and assessment (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1999);
60. P. G. Harris, ed., Climate change and American foreign policy (New York: St Martin's, 2000);
61. James Meadowcroft, 'Next steps: a climate change briefing paper', a report of the Transatlantic Programme of the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University Institute, Florence, 2002.
62. Nicholas Bayne, Overcoming evil with good: impressions of the Gleneagles summit, 6-8 July 2005', 18 July 2005, available at http://www.g7.utoronto.ca, accessed 26 April 2006.
63. 'PM reflects on "blunt truth" of climate change', speech by the Prime Minister Tony Blair to the London G8 climate change conference, available at http://www.number-10.gov.uk, accessed 1 May 2006.
64. Bettina Wittneben, Wolfgang Sterk, Hermann E. Ott and Bernd Brouns, In from the cold: the Climate Conference in Montreal breathes new life into the Kyoto Protocol, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Wuppertal, no date, available at http://www.wupperinst.org, accessed 1 May 2006.
65. For the precise terms of these two key decisions, see 'Decision CMP.1: Consideration of commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex 1 to the Convention under Article 3, paragraph 9, of the Kyoto Protocol' and 'Decision CP.11: Dialogue on long-term cooperative action to address climate change by enhancing implementation of the Convention', available at http://www.unfccc.org, accessed 1 May 2006.
66. See the Pew Center report on COP 11 and COP/MOP 1, available at http://www.pweclimate.org, accessed 2 May 2006.
67. Charles Hanley, 'Clinton says Bush is "flat wrong" on Kyoto', Associated Press release, 9 Dec. 2005, available at http://www.sfgate.com, accessed 1 May 2006.
68. Joseph E. Stiglitz, 'The end of the beginning of ending poverty', statement to Project Syndicate, July 2005, available at http://www.globalpolicy. org, accessed 28 April 2006.
69. Payne, Global politics of unequal development, pp. 231-47.