'About as popular as a dose of clap': Steam, diesel and masculinity at the New South Wales Eveleigh Railway Workshops

Journal of Transport History

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 79-97

  Taksa, Lucy ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Gender; Railways; Technology

Indexed keywords

DIESEL ENGINE; GENDER IDENTITY; RAILWAY TRANSPORT; TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE; WORKPLACE;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA; NEW SOUTH WALES;

EID: 33749493268     PISSN: 00225266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7227/TJTH.26.2.5     Document Type: Review

References (165)

1. Clarence Winchester, Railway Wonders of the World (London, n.d.), p. 21.
2. Albert J. Churella, From Steam to Diesel: Managerial Customs and Organizational Capabilities in the Twentieth-Century American Locomotive Industry (Princeton, 1998), p. 3;
3. Ron Cover, 'The Glorious Years: Recalling the BR Steam Years Before 1968', Steam Railway, 196 (1996), 74-77;
4. David Ross, British Steam Railways (Bath, 2002), pp. 137-41;
5. Roderick A. Smith, 'The Japanese Shinkansen: Catalyst for the Renaissance of Rail', Journal of Transport History (JTH), 24:2 (2003), 224.
6. Alfred D. Chandler, The Railroads: The Nation's First Big Business (New York, 1965), pp. 21-40;
7. Maury Klein, Unfinished Business: The Railroad in American Life (Hanover, 1994), pp. 10-11;
8. Allan Patmore, 'Railways and Landscapes', in Rob Shorland-Ball (ed.), Common Roots - Separate Branches: Railway History and Preservation (York, 1994), p. 135, p. 141.
9. Eric Olssen and Jeremy Brecher, 'The Power of Shop Culture: The Labour Process in the New Zealand Railway Workshops, 1890-1930', International Review of Social History, 37 (1992), 350-51.
10. Tim Strangleman, Work Identity at the End of the Line? Privatisation and Culture Change in the UK Rail Industry (Basingstoke, 2004), p. 28, p. 41.
11. Margot B. Stein, 'The Meaning of Skill: The Case of the French Engine-Drivers, 1837-1917', Politics and Society, 8: 3-4 (1978), 405.
12. Klein, Unfinished Business, p. 150
13. Stein, The Meaning of Skill', p. 408.
14. Paul Michel Taillon, '"To Make Men out of Crude Material": Work Culture, Manhood, and Unionism in the Railroad Running Trades, c.1870-1900', in Roger Horowitz (ed.), Boys and Their Toys? Masculinity, Technology and Class in America (New York and London, 2001), pp. 36-37;
15. Cynthia Cockburn, 'The Material of Male Power', in Feminist Review (eds), Waged Work: A Reader (London, 1986), p. 93;
16. Stein, 'The Meaning of Skill', 405.
17. W. F. Cottrell, 'Death by Dieselization: A Case Study In The Reaction To Technological Change', American Sociological Review, 16 (1951), 360;
18. Klein, Unfinished Business, p. 407, p. 144.
19. Ross, British Steam, p. 137, p. 141.
20. See for examples of literature on the steam era: David Burke, Great Steam Trains of Australia (Adelaide, 1978);
21. David Burke, Man of Steam: E. E. Lucy - A Gentleman Engineer in the Great Days of the Iron Horse (Sydney, 1986);
22. Robert S. Lee, The Greatest Public Work: The New South Wales Railways, 1848 to 1889 (Sydney, 1988);
23. James E. Vance Jr., The North American Railroad: Its Origins, Evolution and Geography (Baltimore, 1995);
24. Patrick Whitehouse, Steam Railways of the World (London, 1988).
25. Lynwood Bryant, 'The Development of the Diesel Engine', in Terry S. Reynolds and Stephen H. Cutcliffe (eds), Technology & the West: A Historical Anthology from Technology & Culture (Chicago, 1997), pp. 315-29;
26. Cottrell, 'Death By Dieselization', 358-65;
27. Michael Hard and Andreas Knie, 'The Grammar of Technology: German and French Diesel Engineering, 1920-1940', Technology and Culture, 40:1 (1999), 26-46;
28. Studs Terkel, Working (New York 1990), pp. 351-56.
29. Recently the Journal of Transport History has published Mark Aldrich's 'The contribution of the diesel locomotive to trainmen's safety on US railroads', Journal of Transport History, 3rd Series, Volume 25, No.2 September 2004; 75-92.
30. Churella, From Steam to Diesel;
31. Cottrell, 'Death by Dieselization', 358-65;
32. Klein, Unfinished Business, pp. 149-54;
33. Stein, 'The Meaning of Skill', 399-427;
34. Strangleman, Work Identity, pp. 74-80.
35. Cynthia Cockburn, Brothers: Male Dominance and Technological Change (London, 1983);
36. R. Schwarz Cowan, More Work for Mother: the ironies of household technology from the open hearth to the microwave (New York, 1983);
37. Judy Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology (North Sydney, 1991);
38. Cynthia Cockburn and Susan Ormrod, Gender and Technology in the Making (London, 1993).
39. Ian Carter, Railways and Culture in Britain: The Epitome of Modernity (Manchester, 2001);
40. Tim Strangleman, 'Constructing the past: railway history from below or a study in nostalgia?' JTH, 23:2 (2002), 147-58.
41. Margaret Walsh, 'Gendering Transport History: Retrospect and Prospect', JTH: Special Issue, Gender and Transport History, 23:1 (2002), 1-3.
42. Cockburn and Ormrod, Gender and Technology, pp. 7-10.
43. Ava Baron, 'Contested Terrain Revisited: Technology and Gender Definitions of Work in the Printing Industry, 1850-1920', in Barbara Drygulski Wright, et al. (eds), Women, Work, And Technology Transformations (Ann Arbor, 1990), p. 61.
44. Ava Baron, Women, Work, and Technology Transformations Ibid., p. 62.
45. Ava Baron, Women, Work, and Technology Transformations Ibid., p. 60.
46. Sandra Harding, The Science Question in Feminism (Milton Keynes, 1986), p. 57
47. cited by Cockburn and Ormrod, Gender and Technology, p. 6.
48. Anne Game and Rosemary Pringle, Gender at Work (North Sydney, 1983).
49. Cockburn and Ormrod, Gender and Technology, p. 7.
50. Cockburn and Ormrod, Gender and Technology Ibid., p. 7.
51. See further: Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (London, 1990).
52. Cockburn and Ormrod, Gender and Technology, p. 10.
53. Taillon, 'To Make Men', 39.
54. Cockburn and Ormrod, Gender and Technology, p. 7.
55. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology p. 21, p. 143;
56. R. W. Connell, Gender (Cambridge, 2002), p. 47, pp. 53-55.
57. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology, p. 15.
58. Cynthia Cockburn, Machinery of Dominance: Women, Men and Technical Know-How (London, 1985).
59. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology, p. 38.
60. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology Ibid.,p. 19, p. 21.
61. Cockburn, The Material of Male Power', p. 93, pp. 97-8.
62. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology, p. 143.
63. Taillon, 'To Make Men', p. 39.
64. Strangleman, Work Identity, p. 28.
65. Taillon, 'To Make Men', p. 40.
66. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology, p. 143.
67. David Collinson and Jeff Hearn, ' "Men" at "work": multiple masculinities/multiple workplaces', in Mairtin Mac an Ghaill (ed.), Understanding Masculinities: Social Relations and Cultural Arenas (Buckingham, 1997) p. 65.
68. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology, p. 143.
69. Stephen Meyer, 'Work, Play, and Power: Masculine Culture on the Automotive Shop Floor, 1930-1960', in Horowitz (ed.), Boys and Their Toys?, pp. 14-15.
70. Ileen A. De Vault, '"Give the Boys a Trade": Gender and Job Choice in the 1890s', in Ava Baron (ed.), Work Engendered: Towards a New History of American Labor (Ithaca and London, 2nd Edn., 1993), p. 211, pp. 214-15.
71. Taillon, 'To Make Men', p. 40, p. 45.
72. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology, p. 36.
73. Baron, 'Contested Terrain Revisited', p. 61
74. Cottrell, 'Death By Dieselization', 359.
75. Cockburn and Ormrod, Gender and Technology, p. 7.
76. Cottrell, 'Death By Dieselization', p. 358.
77. Klein, Unfinished Business, p. 2;
78. Neil Cossons, Allan Patmore, Rob Shorland-Ball (eds), Perspectives on Railway History and Interpretation (York, 1992);
79. Brian Solomon, with C.J. Riley, Along the Rails: The Lore and Romance of the Railroads (New York, 1999), p. 9.
80. John K. Brown, The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1915 (Baltimore, 1995), p. xix.
81. Raphael Samuel, Theatres of Memory: Vol. 1, Past and Present in Contemporary Culture (London, 1996), p. 236.
82. David Burke, Australia's Last Giants of Steam (Sydney, 2000), p. xv.
83. The Rev. W. Awdry, Thomas the Tank Engine, 1946.
84. The Rev. W. Awdry, 'Daisy', in The Rev. W. Awdry, Thomas the Tank Engine: The Complete Collection (London, 1996)
85. [first published in The Rev. W. Awdry, Branch Line Engines, 1961]
86. Awdry, 'Daisy', p. 253.
87. The Rev. W. Awdry, Thomas goes Fishing', in Awdry, Thomas the Tank Engine, p. 62
88. [first published in Tank Engine Thomas Again, 1949].
89. The Rev. W. Awdry, 'Down the Mine', in Awdry, Thomas the Tank Engine, p. 129.
90. [first published in Gordon the Big Engine, 1953]
91. and The Fat Controller's Engines', in Awdry, Thomas the Tank Engine, p. 199
92. [first published in The Eight Famous Engines, 1957].
93. Awdry, 'Daisy', p. 254.
94. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, p. 3.
95. Klein, Unfinished Business, pp. 150-151.
96. Klein, Unfinished Business Ibid., p. 144.
97. Stan Jones, 'Eveleigh -The Heart Of The Transport System', Daily News: Feature for Transport Workers, 19 January, 1939.
98. Illustrated Sydney News, 18 July 1891, p. 11, p. 13.
99. Eveleigh Employee Database: Figures compiled from information extracted from the Government Gazette Employee Lists published annually for the period 1887-1939, NSW Parliamentary Papers; State Rail Authority Archives Sydney (hereafter SRAA), A88/44 Box 3, Mr. Guthrie, 'History of Eveleigh Workshops', Unpublished Notes, c.1955, p. 7, and A88/44 Box 3, Correspondence: Assistant Chief Mechanical Engineers to F. P. H. Fewtrell, Works Manager, 14 April, 1955, p. 5.
100. SRAA, Government Gazette Employee Lists, 1887-1939; State Records NSW, Sydney (hereafter SR NSW), Series: 11/16552 to 11/16745, Railway Personnel Cards; Interviews
101. conducted with: Joyce Hitchen on 15 October 1996; Monika Allen on 14th April, 1997; Ann Patrick on 5 January 1999; Elisabeth Wheatley on 28 September 1999; Pat Holdorf on 17 May 1999.
102. Jones, 'Eveleigh'.
103. SRAA, R10/4, Annual Report (hereafter AR) for 1935, p. 17; R10/5, AR for 1936, p. 14.
104. R. G. Preston, The Eveleigh Locomotive Workshops Story (Redfern, 1997), pp. 15-17.
105. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology, p. 38.
106. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology Ibid., p. 145.
107. Interview conducted with Bob Matthews on 20 February 1996; Interview conducted with Vaughan Givillian in 1987 for the Combined Railway Unions Cultural Committee Oral History Project.
108. Robert Millikan, 'Heat and Sparks: Glory Days at Eveleigh', in Suzanne Falkiner (ed.), Railways, Relics and Romance: The Eveleigh Railway Workshops, Sydney, New South Wales (Sydney, 1996), p. 27.
109. Klein, Unfinished Business, p. 145.
110. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, p. 97.
111. Interview conducted with John Willis on 5 February 1996.
112. Terkel, Working, p. 355.
113. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, pp. 15-21;
114. Klein, Unfinished Business, pp. 147-49;
115. Interview conducted with Trevor Thorpe in 1987 for the Combined Railway Unions Cultural Committee Oral History Project; Interview conducted with Bob Rhymes on 31 July.
116. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, p. 10.
117. Cockburn, 'The Material of Male Power', p. 104-5
118. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, pp. 20-1.
119. Cottrell, 'Death By Dieselization', p. 360.
120. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, pp. 18-19;
121. Cottrell, 'Death by Dieselization', 360-61;
122. Eveleigh News (E. N.), 3 April,1957.
123. Klein, Unfinished Business, pp. 150-51.
124. Mark Hearn, Working Lives: A History of the Australian Railways Union (New South Wales Branch), (Sydney, 1990), pp. 113-16.
125. E. N., 3 April 1957; 26 June 1957.
126. Klein, Unfinished Business, p. 150.
127. Klein, Unfinished Business Ibid., p. 141;
128. Anna Green, 'The "Double-edged Sword": Nicknames on the Waterfront, 1915-1951', in John E. Martin and Kerrie Taylor (eds), Culture and the Labour Movement (Palmerston North, 1991), pp. 121-A.
129. Diane K. Drummond, Crewe: Railway Town, Company and People, 1840-1914 (Aldershot, 1995), pp. 79-80.
130. Interview with John Willis.
131. Ibid.
132. Mike Donaldson, Time of Our Lives: Labour and Love in the Working Class (Sydney, 1991),
133. cited in Connell, Gender, p. 39.
134. Interview with John Willis.
135. Interview with Bob Matthews.
136. Judy Wajcman, 'Technological A/Genders: Technology, Culture and Class', in Lelia Green & Roger Guinery, Framing Technology: Society, Choice & Change (Sydney, 1994), p. 11.
137. Terkel, Working, p. 356.
138. Strangleman, Work Identity, p. 30.
139. Strangleman, Work Identity Ibid., p. 31.
140. Strangleman, Work Identity, Ibid., p. 33.
141. 100 Interview with Vaughan Givillian.
142. David Burke, Making the Railways (Sydney, 1995), p. 243.
143. Stan Jones, 'End of Steam Era', E. N., 23 March 1966;
144. Peter Lorie & Colin Garrat, Ironhorse: Steam Trains of the World, Doubleday & Co., New York, 1987;
145. Lonn Taylor and Ingrid Maar, The American Cowboy (New York, 1983).
146. Robert A. Dutch, Roget's Thesuarus: Of English Words and Phrases (Harmondsworth, 1973), p. 162.
147. Burke, Making the Railways, p. 239.
148. Burke, Making the Railways Ibid., p. 244.
149. Churella, From Steam to Diesel, p. 17.
150. Ross, British Steam, p. 139.
151. Burke, Making the Railways, pp. 244-5.
152. E. N., 30 August 1972.
153. Klein, Unfinished Business, pp. 149-50.
154. Burke, Making the Railways, p. 240.
155. Terkel, Working, p. 352.
156. Cockburn, 'The Material of Male Power', p. 103;
157. Dutch, Roget's Thesuarus, p. 250.
158. Awdry, 'Main Line Engines - The Diseasel", in Awdry, Thomas the Tank, p. 320.
159. Awdry, 'Pop Goes the Diesel', in Awdry, Thomas the Tank, pp. 206-7.
160. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology, p. 39.
161. Mark Tronson (ed.), Ripping Good Railway Yarns (Wallacia, 1991), p. 64, p. 21.
162. Falkiner (ed.), Railways, Relics and Romance, p. 62.
163. Interview with Vaughan Givillian.
164. Wajcman, Feminism Confronts Technology, p. 141;
165. Terkel, Working, p. 353.