Cerebellar and other neurological soft signs in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

Volumn 114, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 352-356

  Varambally, S ^a   Venkatasubramanian, G ^a   Thirthalli, J ^a   Janakiramaiah, N ^a   Gangadhar, B N ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

Cerebellum; Neurological soft signs; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATAXIA; BODY POSTURE; CEREBELLUM; CEREBELLUM DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DYSMETRIA; EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; VALIDATION PROCESS;

ADULT; ALCOHOLISM; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; ATAXIA; CEREBELLUM; COGNITION DISORDERS; DEMOGRAPHY; DYSARTHRIA; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; POSTURE; PREVALENCE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 33749470142     PISSN: 0001690X     EISSN: 16000447     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00837.x     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. KRAEPELIN E. Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia. In: Robertson GM, ed. Translated by Barclay RM. New York: Robert Ekreiger, 1971:77-83.
2. BUCHANAN RW, HEINRICHS DW. The Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES): a structured instrument for the assessment of neurological signs in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1989;27:335-350.
3. SANDERS RD, KESHAVAN MS, SCHOOLER NR. Neurological examination abnormalities in neuroleptic-naïve patients with first-break schizophrenia: preliminary results. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1231-1233.
4. CHEN EY, KWOK CL, AU JW, CHEN RY, LAU BS. Progressive deterioration of soft neurological signs in chronic schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000;102:342-349.
5. CHEN YLR, CHEN YH, MAK FL et al. Soft neurological signs in schizophrenic patients and their nonpsychotic siblings. J Nerv Ment Dis 2000;188:84-89.
6. GUJREJE O. Tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenics. Prevalence, distribution and relationship to neurological "soft" signs in Nigerian patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987;76:523-528.
7. GUJREJE O. Neurological soft signs in Nigerian Schizophrenics: a controlled study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988;78:505-509.
8. VENKATASUBRAMANIAN G, LATHA V, GANGADHAR BN et al. Neurological soft signs in never-treated schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003;108:144-146.
9. DAZZAN P, MURRAY RM. Neurological soft signs in first-episode psychosis: a systemic review. Br J Psychiatry 2002;181(Suppl. 43):550-557.
10. SCHUBERT EW, HENRIKSSON KM, MCNEIL TF. A prospective study of offspring of women with psychosis: visual dysfunction in early childhood predicts schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in adulthood. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005;112:385-393.
11. HO BC, MOLA C, ANDREASEN NC. Cerebellar dysfunction in neuroleptic naïve schizophrenia patients: clinical, cognitive, and neuroanatomic correlates of cerebellar neurologic signs. Biol Psychiatry 2004;55:1146-1153.
12. KESHAVAN MS, SANDERS RD, SWEENEY JA et al. Diagnostic specificity and neuroanatomical validity of neurological abnormalities in first-episode psychoses. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:1298-1304.
13. BOKS MP, LIDDLE PF, BURGERHOF JG, KNEGTERING R, VAN DEN BOSCH RJ. Neurological soft signs discriminating mood disorders from first episode schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004;110:29-35.
14. ANDREASEN NC. A unitary model of schizophrenia: Bleuler's "Fragmented Phrene" as schizencephaly. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:781-787.
15. ANNETT M. The binomial distribution of right mixed and left-handedness. Quart J Exp Psychol 1967;19:327-333.
16. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
17. FIRST MB, SPITZER RL, GIBBON M, WILLIAMS JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders: User's Guide. New York: American Psychiatric Press, 1997.
18. ANDREASEN NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Iowa City, IA: The University of Iowa, 1984.
19. ANDREASEN NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Iowa City, IA: The University of Iowa, 1983.
20. GOLDBERG DP, GATER R, SARTORIUS N et al. The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychol Med 1997;27:191-197.
21. EWING JA. Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire. JAMA 1984;252:1905-1907.
22. TROUILLAS P, TAKAYANAGI T, HALLETT M et al. International cooperative ataxia rating scale for pharmacological assessment of the cerebellar syndrome. J Neurol Sci 1997;145:205-211.
23. STOREY E, TUCK K, HESTER R, HUGHES A, CHURCHYARD A. Inter-rater reliability of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Mov Disord 2004;19:190-192.
24. DESHMUKH A, ROSENBLOOM MJ, PFEFFERBAUM A, SULLIVAN EV. Clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia, alcoholism, and their comorbidity. Schizophr Res 2002;57:281-291
25. KINNEY DK, YURGELUN-TODD DA, WOODS BT. Neurologic signs of cerebellar and cortical sensory dysfunction in schizophrenics and their relatives. Schizophr Res 1999;35:99-104.
26. GUPTA S, ANDREASEN NC, ARNDT S et al. Neurologic soft signs in neuroleptic-naïve and neuroleptic-treated schizophrenia patients and in normal comparison subjects. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:191-196.
27. SULLIVAN EV, DESHMUKH A, DESMOND JE et al. Contribution of alcohol abuse to cerebellar volume deficits in men with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:894-902.
28. ALLEN DN, GOLDSTEIN G, FORMAN SD, KESHAVAN MS, VAN KAMMEN DP, SANDERS RD. Neurologic examination abnormalities in schizophrenia with and without a history of alcoholism. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 2000;13:184-187.
29. LYSAKER P, BELL M. Negative symptoms and vocational impairment in schizophrenia: repeated measurements of work performance over six months. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995;91:205-208.