메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 3-4, 2006, Pages 215-239

Avow or avoid? The public communication strategies of Enron and WorldCom

Author keywords

Crisis communication; Dominant communication strategies; Legal communication; Organizational communication; Public relations

Indexed keywords


EID: 33749456367     PISSN: 10496491     EISSN: 15407594     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J057v12n03_12     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (5)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 33749483584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stealing thunder: An analysis of the effects of organizational self-disclosure during a public relations crisis
    • June Paper presented to the Public Relations Division at the Acapulco, Mexico
    • Arpan-Ralstin, L., and Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. (2000, June). Stealing thunder: An analysis of the effects of organizational self-disclosure during a public relations crisis. Paper presented to the Public Relations Division at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association (ICA), Acapulco, Mexico.
    • (2000) Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association (ICA)
    • Arpan-Ralstin, L.1    Roskos-Ewoldsen, D.2
  • 2
    • 33749502625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron Corp. Files for Bankruptcy, Sues One-time Suitor Dynegy
    • (December 3). Wire story. New York: Associated Press
    • Babineck, M. (2001, December 3). Enron Corp. files for bankruptcy, sues one-time suitor Dynegy. Wire story. New York: Associated Press.
    • (2001)
    • Babineck, M.1
  • 3
    • 33749454004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal rifts threaten WorldCom
    • (August 27)
    • Backover, A., and Kessler, M. (2002, August 27) Internal rifts threaten WorldCom, USA Today, 1B.
    • (2002) USA Today
    • Backover, A.1    Kessler, M.2
  • 4
    • 0001848004 scopus 로고
    • Sears' repair of its auto service image: Image restoration discourse in the corporate sector
    • Benoit, W. L. (1995). Sears' repair of its auto service image: Image restoration discourse in the corporate sector, Communication Studies, 46, 89-105.
    • (1995) Communication Studies , vol.46 , pp. 89-105
    • Benoit, W.L.1
  • 5
    • 33749457256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rival to buy Enron, top energy trader, after financial fall
    • (November 10)
    • Berenson, A., and Sorkin, A. R. (2001, November 10). Rival to buy Enron, top energy trader, after financial fall, New York Times, 1.
    • (2001) New York Times , pp. 1
    • Berenson, A.1    Sorkin, A.R.2
  • 6
    • 33749455883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why should lawyers care about PR?
    • (October 1) online at
    • Bernstein, J. (2002, October 1) Why should lawyers care about PR? Crisis Manager, online at http://www.bernsteincrisismanagement.com/nl/ crisismgr021001.html#2
    • (2002) Crisis Manager
    • Bernstein, J.1
  • 7
    • 85007856859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attempting to restore a public image: Dow Corning and the breast implant crisis
    • Brinson, S. L., and Benoit, W. L. (1996). Attempting to restore a public image: Dow Corning and the breast implant crisis, Communication Quarterly, 44, 29-41.
    • (1996) Communication Quarterly , vol.44 , pp. 29-41
    • Brinson, S.L.1    Benoit, W.L.2
  • 8
    • 33749486959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom: More fraud; False accounting hits $7 billion
    • (August 9)
    • Brister, K. (2002, August 9) WorldCom: More fraud; False accounting hits $7 billion, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 1A.
    • (2002) Atlanta Journal-Constitution
    • Brister, K.1
  • 9
    • 84993086781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting past platitudes: Factors limiting accommodation in public relations
    • Cameron, G. T.; Cropp, F.; and Reber, B. H. (2001). Getting past platitudes: Factors limiting accommodation in public relations, Journal of Communication Management, 5(3), 242-261.
    • (2001) Journal of Communication Management , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 242-261
    • Cameron, G.T.1    Cropp, F.2    Reber, B.H.3
  • 10
    • 0000455048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analytic framework for crisis situations: Better responses from better understanding of the situation
    • Coombs, W. T. (1998). An analytic framework for crisis situations: Better responses from better understanding of the situation, Journal of Public Relations Research, 10(3), 177-191.
    • (1998) Journal of Public Relations Research , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 177-191
    • Coombs, W.T.1
  • 11
    • 0007865092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lawyer, know thyself: A review of empirical research on attorney attributes bearing on professionalism
    • Daicoff, S. (1997). Lawyer, know thyself: A review of empirical research on attorney attributes bearing on professionalism, The American University Law Review, 46(5), 1337-1427.
    • (1997) The American University Law Review , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 1337-1427
    • Daicoff, S.1
  • 12
    • 0009059236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynegy to acquire Enron in $8.9 billion stock deal (November 10)
    • Dynegy to acquire Enron in $8.9 billion stock deal (2001, November 10). Houston Chronicle, 1.
    • (2001) Houston Chronicle , pp. 1
  • 13
    • 33749475891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynegy cancels Enron purchase (November; 29)
    • Dynegy cancels Enron purchase (2001, November 29). Megawatt Daily, 1.
    • (2001) Megawatt Daily , pp. 1
  • 14
    • 33749488559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynegy leaves Enron with virtually worthless stock and takes Northern Natural Gas Company (November 29)
    • Dynegy leaves Enron with virtually worthless stock and takes Northern Natural Gas Company (2001, November 29). Foster Natural Gas Report, 1.
    • (2001) Foster Natural Gas Report , pp. 1
  • 15
    • 33749482668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron Press Releases Houston: Enron Corporation, (listed by date issued)
    • Enron Press Releases (2001). Houston: Enron Corporation, (listed by date issued).
    • (2001)
  • 16
    • 33749468724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron announces SEC request, pledges cooperation, October 22
    • Enron announces SEC request, pledges cooperation, October 22, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 17
    • 33749470485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron names Jeff McMahon Chief Financial Officer, October 24
    • Enron names Jeff McMahon Chief Financial Officer, October 24, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 18
    • 33749501585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron Corp. elects William Powers, Jr. to Board of Directors, October 31
    • Enron Corp. elects William Powers, Jr. to Board of Directors, October 31, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 19
    • 33749498539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron secures commitments for additional $1 billion in financing, November 1
    • Enron secures commitments for additional $1 billion in financing, November 1, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 20
    • 33749466977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron has market in a balancing act, Power Markets Week, November 5
    • Enron has market in a balancing act, Power Markets Week, November 5, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 21
    • 33749460959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron confirms discussion with Dynegy, November 8
    • Enron confirms discussion with Dynegy, November 8, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 22
    • 33749495367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron provides additional information about related party transactions, November 8
    • Enron provides additional information about related party transactions, November 8, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 23
    • 33749497898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynegy and Enron announce merger agreement, November 9
    • Dynegy and Enron announce merger agreement, November 9, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 24
    • 33749465393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron files 10-Q with SEC, November 19
    • Enron files 10-Q with SEC, November 19, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 25
    • 33749490902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron elects Raymond Bowen Treasurer, November 13
    • Enron elects Raymond Bowen Treasurer, November 13, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 26
    • 33749456982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron announces progress in effort to boost liquidity, November 21
    • Enron announces progress in effort to boost liquidity, November 21, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 27
    • 33749460568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron appoints Raymond S. Troubh to board, November 28
    • Enron appoints Raymond S. Troubh to board, November 28, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 28
    • 33749457258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron announces notification by Dynegy of merger termination, November 28
    • Enron announces notification by Dynegy of merger termination, November 28, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 29
    • 33749482669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron files voluntary petitions for chapter 11 reorganization, December 2
    • Enron files voluntary petitions for chapter 11 reorganization, December 2, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 30
    • 33749486640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron arranges $1.5 billion of debtor-in-possession financing, December 3
    • Enron arranges $1.5 billion of debtor-in-possession financing, December 3, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 31
    • 33749476904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron responds to Andersen testimony, December 12
    • Enron responds to Andersen testimony, December 12, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 32
    • 33749460305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron stock downgraded (November 29)
    • Enron stock downgraded (2001, November 29). The Bulletin's Frontrunner, 1.
    • (2001) The Bulletin's Frontrunner , pp. 1
  • 34
    • 84951289892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crisis communication: A review of some best practices
    • In Heath, R. L., and Vasquez, G., eds., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Fearn-Banks, K. (2001). Crisis communication: A review of some best practices. In Heath, R. L., and Vasquez, G., eds., Handbook of Public Relations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 479-485.
    • (2001) Handbook of Public Relations , pp. 479-485
    • Fearn-Banks, K.1
  • 35
    • 0035485228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis; Company profile; Enron: From pipeline firm to powerhouse
    • (October 23)
    • Feltus, Anne (2001, October 23). Analysis; Company profile; Enron: From pipeline firm to powerhouse, Petroleum Economist, 21.
    • (2001) Petroleum Economist , vol.21
    • Feltus, A.1
  • 36
    • 0030098732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public relations and the law: A survey of practitioners
    • Fitzpatrick, K. R. (1996). Public relations and the law: A survey of practitioners, Public Relations Review, 22(1), 1-8.
    • (1996) Public Relations Review , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-8
    • Fitzpatrick, K.R.1
  • 37
    • 0009342418 scopus 로고
    • Public relations vs. legal strategies in organizational crisis decisions
    • Fitzpatrick K. R., and Rubin, M. S. (1995). Public relations vs. legal strategies in organizational crisis decisions, Public Relations Review, 21(1), 21-33.
    • (1995) Public Relations Review , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-33
    • Fitzpatrick, K.R.1    Rubin, M.S.2
  • 39
    • 33749463056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom fraud fallout; Bush orders probe into giant firm
    • (June 27)
    • Glanz, W. (2002, June 27). WorldCom fraud fallout; Bush orders probe into giant firm, Washington Times, C15.
    • (2002) Washington Times
    • Glanz, W.1
  • 40
    • 33749462508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom files for record bankruptcy; Business: Massive debt and an accounting scandal bring down the telecom giant. It ranks as the nation's biggest corporate failure ever
    • (July 22)
    • Granelli, J. S., and Douglass, E. (2002, July 22). WorldCom files for record bankruptcy; Business: Massive debt and an accounting scandal bring down the telecom giant. It ranks as the nation's biggest corporate failure ever, Los Angeles Times, 1.
    • (2002) Los Angeles Times , pp. 1
    • Granelli, J.S.1    Douglass, E.2
  • 41
    • 84949551670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bankruptcy might whip WorldCom into shape
    • (August 5)
    • Haddad, C.; Crockett, R. O.; and Timmons, H. (2002, August 5). Bankruptcy might whip WorldCom into shape, BusinessWeek, 38.
    • (2002) BusinessWeek , pp. 38
    • Haddad, C.1    Crockett, R.O.2    Timmons, H.3
  • 42
    • 33749472684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The WorldCom scandal; WorldCom may survive after all; Outlook: A bankruptcy filing could allow the firm to come out stronger. Customers are the key
    • (June 27)
    • Healey, J.; Pham, A.; and Huffstutter, P. J. (2002, June 27). The WorldCom scandal; WorldCom may survive after all; Outlook: A bankruptcy filing could allow the firm to come out stronger. Customers are the key, Los Angeles Times, 1.
    • (2002) Los Angeles Times , pp. 1
    • Healey, J.1    Pham, A.2    Huffstutter, P.J.3
  • 43
    • 33749467237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom on the brink; SEC accuses WorldCom of fraud, Bush assails accounting as 'outrageous'
    • (June 27)
    • Howe, P. J. (2002, June 27). WorldCom on the brink; SEC accuses WorldCom of fraud, Bush assails accounting as 'outrageous', Boston Globe, C8.
    • (2002) Boston Globe
    • Howe, P.J.1
  • 44
    • 33749454005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • News coverage of business crises during 2001
    • Institute for Crisis Management (May). online at
    • Institute for Crisis Management (2002, May). News coverage of business crises during 2001, ICM Crisis Report, 11(1) online at http://www.crisisexperts.com/01creport.htm.
    • (2002) ICM Crisis Report , vol.11 , Issue.1
  • 45
    • 33749498538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The WorldCom Scandal; WorldCom unit receives $4-billion bid; Telecom: Even at the price, a sale to rival IDT would represent a significant loss. A judge appoints a monitor to preserve records
    • (June 29)
    • Kaplan, K. (2002, June 29). The WorldCom Scandal; WorldCom unit receives $4-billion bid; Telecom: Even at the price, a sale to rival IDT would represent a significant loss. A judge appoints a monitor to preserve records, Los Angeles Times, 1.
    • (2002) Los Angeles Times , pp. 1
    • Kaplan, K.1
  • 46
    • 0141630775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision-making encroachment and cooperative relationships between public relations and legal counselors in the management of organizational crisis
    • Lee, J.; Jares, S. M.; and Heath, R. L. (1999). Decision-making encroachment and cooperative relationships between public relations and legal counselors in the management of organizational crisis, Journal of Public Relations Research, 11(3), 243-270.
    • (1999) Journal of Public Relations Research , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-270
    • Lee, J.1    Jares, S.M.2    Heath, R.L.3
  • 47
    • 33749503601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom unraveled as top execs' unity crumbled
    • (June 28)
    • Maney, K. (2002, June 28). WorldCom unraveled as top execs' unity crumbled, USA Today, 1B.
    • (2002) USA Today
    • Maney, K.1
  • 48
    • 33749459876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice tips: Rebuilding confidence begins with a communication strategy
    • (August)
    • Mercer, J. E. (2002, August). Practice tips: Rebuilding confidence begins with a communication strategy, The Bankruptcy Strategist, 1.
    • (2002) The Bankruptcy Strategist , pp. 1
    • Mercer, J.E.1
  • 49
    • 33749467236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynegy calls off merger as Enron stumbles towards bankruptcy
    • (November 30)
    • Norman, J.; Saville, K.; DiNardo, R., et al. (2001, November 30). Dynegy calls off merger as Enron stumbles towards bankruptcy, Platt's Petrochemical Report, 1.
    • (2001) Platt's Petrochemical Report , pp. 1
    • Norman, J.1    Saville, K.2    DiNardo, R.3
  • 50
    • 33749460074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron's collapse: The overview; Hobbled Enron tries to stay on its feet
    • (December 4)
    • Oppel Jr., R. A., and Atlas, R. D. (2001, December 4). Enron's collapse: The overview; Hobbled Enron tries to stay on its feet, New York Times, 1.
    • (2001) New York Times , pp. 1
    • Oppel Jr., R.A.1    Atlas, R.D.2
  • 51
    • 33749460074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron's collapse: The overview
    • (November 29)
    • Oppel Jr., R. A., and Sorkin, A. R. (2001, November 29). Enron's collapse: The overview, New York Times, 1.
    • (2001) New York Times , pp. 1
    • Oppel Jr., R.A.1    Sorkin, A.R.2
  • 52
    • 33749460074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron's collapse: The overview; Enron Corp. files largest U.S. claim for bankruptcy
    • (December 3)
    • Oppel Jr., R. A., and Sorkin, A. R. (2001, December 3). Enron's collapse: The overview; Enron Corp. files largest U.S. claim for bankruptcy, New York Times, 1.
    • (2001) New York Times , pp. 1
    • Oppel Jr., R.A.1    Sorkin, A.R.2
  • 53
    • 33749469124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Picture of new Dynegy begins to form
    • (November 19)
    • Picture of new Dynegy begins to form (2001, November 19). Power Markets Week, 1.
    • (2001) Power Markets Week , pp. 1
  • 54
    • 85066176834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mythic battles: Examining the lawyer-public relations counselor dynamic
    • Reber, B. H.; Cropp, F.; and Cameron, G. T. (2001). Mythic battles: Examining the lawyer-public relations counselor dynamic, Journal of Public Relations Research, 13(3), 187-218.
    • (2001) Journal of Public Relations Research , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 187-218
    • Reber, B.H.1    Cropp, F.2    Cameron, G.T.3
  • 55
    • 33749455521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chief says U.S. security needs links to WorldCom
    • (July 3)
    • Romero, S. (2002, July 3). Chief says U.S. security needs links to WorldCom, New York Times, 5C.
    • (2002) New York Times
    • Romero, S.1
  • 56
    • 33749463054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom's collapse: The overview; WorldCom files for bankruptcy; Largest U.S. case
    • (July 22)
    • Romero, S., and Atlas, R. D. (2002, July 22). WorldCom's collapse: The overview; WorldCom files for bankruptcy; Largest U.S. case, New York Times, 1A.
    • (2002) New York Times
    • Romero, S.1    Atlas, R.D.2
  • 57
    • 33749466322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom Says It Hid Expenses, Inflating Cash Flow $3.8 Billion
    • (June 26)
    • Romero, S., and Berenson, A. (2002, June 26). WorldCom Says It Hid Expenses, Inflating Cash Flow $3.8 Billion, New York Times, 1A.
    • (2002) New York Times
    • Romero, S.1    Berenson, A.2
  • 58
    • 33749480442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skilling's departure, drop in stock price but focus on Enron's strategy
    • (August 20)
    • Ryser, J. (2001, August 20). Skilling's departure, drop in stock price but focus on Enron's strategy, Power Markets Week, 1.
    • (2001) Power Markets Week , pp. 1
    • Ryser, J.1
  • 59
    • 33749500014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enron, still in the market
    • (November 26)
    • Ryser, J. (2001, November 26). Enron, still in the market, Power Markets Week, 3.
    • (2001) Power Markets Week , pp. 3
    • Ryser, J.1
  • 60
    • 84933475994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The compatibility of corrective action in organizational crisis communication
    • Sellnow, T. L.; Ulmer, R. R.; and Snider, M. (1998). The compatibility of corrective action in organizational crisis communication, Communication Quarterly, 46, 60-75.
    • (1998) Communication Quarterly , vol.46 , pp. 60-75
    • Sellnow, T.L.1    Ulmer, R.R.2    Snider, M.3
  • 61
    • 33749476903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inquiry on WorldCom extended back a year; Accounting: Rep. Tauzin releases documents that he says indicate that the telecom firm might have started some improper practices as early as 1999
    • (July 16)
    • Shiver Jr., Jube (2002, July 16). Inquiry on WorldCom extended back a year; Accounting: Rep. Tauzin releases documents that he says indicate that the telecom firm might have started some improper practices as early as 1999, Los Angeles Times, 1.
    • (2002) Los Angeles Times , pp. 1
    • Shiver Jr., J.1
  • 62
    • 33749493988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom missteps may go back to '99
    • (July 2)
    • Stern, C. (2002, July 2). WorldCom missteps may go back to '99, Washington Post, A01.
    • (2002) Washington Post
    • Stern, C.1
  • 63
    • 33749484924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength of Enron's cash position may be moot, given its spiraling stock slide
    • (November 9)
    • Strength of Enron's cash position may be moot, given its spiraling stock slide (2001, November 9). Global Power Report, 1.
    • (2001) Global Power Report , pp. 1
  • 64
    • 33749468452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stunning demise: Enron losing its grip on markets, looks to Dynegy for relief
    • (November 12)
    • Stunning demise: Enron losing its grip on markets, looks to Dynegy for relief (2001, November 12). Power Markets Week, 1.
    • (2001) Power Markets Week , pp. 1
  • 65
    • 33749502624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upended (November 29). online at
    • Upended (2001, November 29). The Economist Global Agenda, online at http://www.economist.com/agenda/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=887022.
    • (2001) The Economist Global Agenda
  • 66
    • 34547176331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom in 'death spiral'
    • (June 27)
    • Valdmanis, T., and Backover, A. (2002, June 27). WorldCom in 'death spiral', USA Today, 1B.
    • (2002) USA Today
    • Valdmanis, T.1    Backover, A.2
  • 67
    • 33749463941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • With Enron's stock at 10-year low, ailing marketer in talks with Dynegy
    • (November 9)
    • With Enron's stock at 10-year low, ailing marketer in talks with Dynegy (2001, November 9). Gas Market Report, 1.
    • (2001) Gas Market Report , pp. 1
  • 68
    • 33749464440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom Press Releases (listed by date issued)
    • WorldCom Press Releases (2002). Clinton, MS: WorldCom, (listed by date issued).
    • (2002) Clinton, MS: WorldCom
  • 69
    • 33749500895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom announces intention to restate 2001 and first quarter 2002 financial statements, June 25
    • WorldCom announces intention to restate 2001 and first quarter 2002 financial statements, June 25, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 70
    • 33749456176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom President and CEO John Sidgmore responds to U.S. President George W. Bush June 28
    • WorldCom President and CEO John Sidgmore responds to U.S. President George W. Bush, June 28, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 71
    • 33749492623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom delivers requested explanation to SEC, July 1
    • WorldCom delivers requested explanation to SEC, July 1, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 72
    • 33749460304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why WorldCom must survive, July 1
    • Why WorldCom must survive, July 1, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 73
    • 33749454654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom press conference statement, July 2
    • WorldCom press conference statement, July 2, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 74
    • 33749496562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom files for bankruptcy court protection, July 21
    • WorldCom files for bankruptcy court protection, July 21, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 75
    • 33749463657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving forward, July 23
    • Moving forward, July 23, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 76
    • 33749497659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom appoints CRO, CFO to executive management team, July 28
    • WorldCom appoints CRO, CFO to executive management team, July 28, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 77
    • 33749503144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WorldCom announces additional changes to reported income for prior periods, August 8
    • WorldCom announces additional changes to reported income for prior periods, August 8, 2002.
    • (2002)
  • 78
    • 33749487201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letter from John Sidgmore, August 14
    • Letter from John Sidgmore, August 14, 2002.
    • (2002)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.