Clinical implementation of a two-component x-ray source model for calculation of head-scatter factors

Medical Physics

Volumn 24, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 2001-2007

  Jursinic, Paul A ^a  

^a Battle Creek Health System   (United States)

Author keywords

Extra focal radiation; Head scatter factor; Linear accelerator output factor; Output factor

Indexed keywords

ELECTRON SOURCES; LINEAR ACCELERATORS; X RAY APPARATUS;

DISTRIBUTED SOURCES; FLATTENING FILTERS; MEASURED VALUES; OUTPUT FACTORS; PRIMARY COLLIMATOR; REMAINING COMPONENT; SCATTER FACTOR; TWO-COMPONENT;

X RAYS;

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; COLLIMATOR; DOSE CALCULATION; FILTER; LINEAR ACCELERATOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION DOSE DISTRIBUTION; RADIATION SCATTERING; THEORY; X RAY;

EID: 0031439563     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.598113     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. F. M. Khan, W Sewchand, J. Lee, and J. F. Williamson, "Revision of tissue-maximum ratio and scatter-maximum ratio concepts for cobalt-60 and higher energy x-ray beams," Med. Phys. 7, 230-237 (1980).
2. F M. Khan, The Physics of Radiation Therapy, 2nd ed. (Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1994), Chap. 10.
3. M. J. Day and E. G. A. Aird, "The equivalent field method for dose determination in rectangular fields," Br. J Radiol. 17, 105-114 (1983).
4. L. K. Patomaki, "The equavalent field principle and its use in beam therapy dose calculations," Br. J. Radiol. 41, 381-383 (1968).
5. M. S Patterson and P C. Shragge, "Characteristics of an 18-MV photon beam from a Therac 20 medical linear accelerator," Med. Phys. 8, 312-318 (1981).
6. K. R Kase and G. K. Svensson, "Head scatter data for several linear accelerators (4-18 MV)," Med. Phys. 13, 530-532 (1986).
7. P. D. Higgins, W. H. Sohn, C. H. Sibata, and W. A. McCarthy, "Scatter factor corrections for elongated fields," Med. Phys. 16, 800-802 (1989).
8. M. Tatcher and B. E. Bjarngard, "Head-scatter factors in rectangular photon fields," Med. Phys. 20, 205-206 (1993).
9. M. K. Yu, B. Murray, and R. Sloboda, "Parametrization of head-scatter factors for rectangular photon fields using an equivalent square formalism," Med. Phys. 22, 1329-1332 (1995).
10. A. Ahnesjö, T. Knoos, and A. Montelius, "Application of the convolution method for calculation of output factors for therapy photon beams," Med. Phys. 19, 295-301 (1992).
11. E L. Chaney, T. J. Cullip, and T. A. Gabriel, "A Monte Carlo study of accelerator head scatter," Med. Phys. 21, 1383-1390 (1994).
12. P. B. Dunscombe and J. M. Nieminen, "On the field-size dependence of relative output from a linear accelerator," Med. Phys. 19, 1441-1444 (1992).
13. M. K. Yu and R. Sloboda, "Analytical representation of head scatter factors for shaped photon beams using a two-component x-ray source model," Med. Phys. 22, 2045-2055 (1995). Revised and print-error-corrected version Med. Phys. 23, 973-984 (1996).
14. M. K. Yu and R. Sloboda, "Analytical representation of head scatter factors for shaped photon beams using a two-component x-ray source model," Med. Phys. 22, 2045-2055 (1995). Revised and print-error-corrected version Med. Phys. 23, 973-984 (1996).
15. K L. Lam, M. S. Muthuswamy, and R. K. Ten Haken, "Flattening-filter-based empirical methods to parametrize the head scatter factor," Med. Phys. 23, 343-352 (1996).
16. D. A. Jaffray, J. J. Battisa, A. Fenster, and P. Munro, "X-ray sources of medical linear accelerators: Focal and extra-focal radiation," Med Phys. 20, 1417-1427 (1993).
17. M. B. Sharp, D. A. Jaffray, J. J. Battista, and P. Munro, "Extrafocal radiation: A unified approach to the prediction of beam penumbra and output factors for megavoltage x-ray beams," Med. Phys. 22, 2065-2074 (1995).
18. A. Ahnesjö, "Analytic modeling of photon scatter from flattening filters in photon therapy beams," Med. Phys. 21, 1227-1235 (1994).
19. H. Kubo, "Telescopic measurements of backscatter radiation from secondary collimator jaws to a beam monitor chamber using a pair of slits," Med. Phys. 16, 295-298 (1989).
20. D. L. Watts and G. S. Ibbott, "Measurement of beam current and evaluation of scatter production in an 18-Mev accelerator," Med. Phys. 14, 662-664 (1987).
21. C. Duzenli, B. McClean, and C. Field, "Backscatter into the beam monitor chamber: Implications for dosimetry of asymmetric collimators," Med. Phys. 20, 363-367 (1993).
22. M. K. Yu, R S. Sloboda, and F. Mansour, "Measurement of photon beam backscatter from collimators to the beam monitor chamber using target-current-pulse-counting and telescope techniques," Phys. Med. Biol. 41, 1107-1117 (1996).
23. T. W. Padikal and J. A. Deye, "Electron contamination of a high-energy x-ray beam," Phys. Med. Biol. 28, 1086-1092 (1978).
24. max shift with field size in high energy photon beams," Med. Phys. 6, 291-295 (1979).
25. P J. Biggs and M. D. Russell, "An investigation into the presence of secondary electrons in megavoltage photon beams," Phys. Med. Biol. 28, 1033-1043 (1983).
26. C. C. Ling, M. C. Schell, and S. N. Rustgi, "Magnetic analysis of the radiation components of a 10 MV photon beam," Med. Phys. 9, 20-26 (1982).
27. B. R. Thomadsen, S Kubsad, B. R. Paliwal, S. Shahabi, and T. R. Mackie, "On the cause of the variation in tissue-maximum ratio values with source-to-detector distance," Med. Phys. 20, 723-727 (1993).
28. D. M. D. Frye, B. R. Paliwal, B. R. Thomadsen, and P. Jursinic, "Intercomparison of normalized head-scatter factor measurement techniques," Med. Phys. 22, 249-253 (1995).
29. P. A. Jursinic and T. R. Mackie, "Characteristics of secondary electrons produced by 6, 10, and 24 MV x-ray beams," Phys Med. Biol. 41, 1499-1509 (1996).
30. M. Sharpe, D. Jaffray, P. Munro, and J. Battista, "Photon dose calculations that include the focal and extra focal radiation emitted by a linear accelerator," in Proceedings of XIth International Conference on the Use of Computers m Radiation Therapy, edited by A. Hounsell, J. Wilkinson, and P. Williams (Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK, 1994), pp. 324-325.