John Lilburne and the long parliament

Historical Journal

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 625-645

  Peacey, J T ^a  

^a History of Parliament   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 33749363227     PISSN: 0018246X     EISSN: 14695103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0018246X99001302     Document Type: Article

References (309)

1. J. Nalson, An impartial collection (2 vols., 1682-3), 1, p. 512. All pre-1800 works were published in London unless otherwise stated. The standard biographical account of Lilburne, on which I have drawn heavily, is P. Gregg, Free-born John (London, 1986).
2. M. Tolmie, The triumph of the saints (Cambridge, 1977), pp. 146-7.
3. J. Lilburne, The Christian man's triall (1641); PRO, PC 2/49, fos. 55v-6v;
4. J. Rushworth, Historical collections (8 vols., 1721), 11, pp. 463-9.
5. Commons Journals (CJ), 11, p. 24;
6. The journal of Sir Simonds D'Ewes, ed. W. Notestein (New Haven, 1923), pp. 18-19.
7. J. T. Peacey, 'Henry Parker and parliamentary propaganda in the English Civil Wars' (Ph. D. thesis, Cambridge, 1994), pp. 217-24.
8. Gregg, Free-born John, pp. 121, 126-7.
9. J. Frank, The Levellers (New York, 1969), pp. 45-108;
10. F. D. Dow, Radicalism in the English Revolution, 1640-1660 (Oxford, 1985), p. 35.
11. J. Lilburne, The legal fundamental liberties (2nd edn, 1649).
12. British Library (BL), Harleian MS 163, fos. 128, 197;
13. CJ, 11, p. 134;
14. B. Manning, The English people and the English Revolution (London, 1991), pp. 63-4;
15. K. Lindley, Popular politics and religion in Civil War London (Aldershot, 1997), pp. 22, 31, no;
16. Lords Journals (LJ), IV, p. 233.
17. PRO, SP 28/3, fo. 219.
18. Englands weeping spectacle (1648), pp. 4-5;
19. CJ, n, p. 892;
20. Rushworth, Collections, v, p. 93;
21. J. Lilburne, A letter sent from Captain Lilburne (1643);
22. LJ, ii, p. 497;
23. House of Lords Records Office (HLRO), MP 17/12/42;
24. Speciall Passages, 18 (6-13 Dec. 1642);
25. The examination and confession of Captaine Lilbourne (1642), A true and most sad relation of the hard usage and extrem cruelty (1642).
26. CJ, in, p. 84.
27. The Kingdomes Weekly Post 4 (22-8 Nov. 1643), p. 30.
28. J. R. MacCormack, Revolutionary politics in the Long Parliament (Cambridge, MA, 1973), pp. 90-1.
29. P. R. S. Baker, 'The origins and early history of the Levellers, C.1636-C. 1647' (Ph. D. thesis, Cambridge, forthcoming). I am exceedingly grateful to Phil Baker for making some of his research available to me.
30. M. A. Gibb, John Lilburne the Leveller (London, 1947), pp. 124-9;
31. T. C. Pease, The Leveller movement (Gloucester, MA, 1965), pp. 95-119;
32. Tolmie, Triumph of the saints, pp. 49, 144-9;
33. M. Kishlansky, The rise of the New Model Army (Cambridge, 1979), pp. 89, 122, 133;
34. H. N. Brailsford, The Levellers and the English Revolution (London, 1976), pp. 90-5;
35. The writings of William Walwyn, ed. J. R. McMichael and B. Taft (London, 1989), pp. 21-6;
36. Gregg, Free-born John, pp. 121-3, 127;
37. G. E. Aylmer, The Levellers in the English Revolution (New York, 1975), pp. 16-17.
38. A. Sharp, 'John Lilburne and the Long Parliament's Book of declarations: a radical's exploitation of the words of authorities', History of Political Thought, 9 (1988), pp. 19-44.
39. Aylmer, The Levellers, p. 18.
40. C. Holmes, 'Colonel King and Lincolnshire politics, 1642-1646', Historical Journal, 16 (1973)) 455-71;
41. J. Lilburne, The just man's justification (2nd edn, 1647), pp. 2-3, 22-4.
42. Calendar of state papers domestic (CSPD) 1644-5, pp. 148-9;
43. J. Lilburne, Innocency and truth (1645), p. 22;
44. J. Lilburne, The prisoners mournfull cry (1648), p. 8.
45. J. Bastwick, A just defence (1645), pp. 14-15;
46. M. J. Condick, 'The life and works of John Bastwick, 1595-1654' (Ph. D. thesis, London, 1983), pp. 91-4, 147-8, 155-6.
47. J. Lilburne, The grand plea of Lieut. Col. John Lilburnev (1647), pp. 2-3;
48. Lilburne, Innocency and truth, p. 24.
49. J. Lilburne, An answer to nine arguments (1645);
50. Peacey, 'Henry Parker', p. 158.
51. J. Goodwin, Innocency and truth triumphing (1645);
52. John Vicars to John Goodwin (1645);
53. J. Goodwin, Calumny arraigned and cast (1645);
54. J. Vicars, To his reverend and much respected good friend A fr John Goodwin (1645);
55. W. Walwyn, A hilpe to the right understanding (1645);
56. W. Prynne, Afresh discovery of some prodigious new wandring-blasing-stars (1645), pp. 3, 34, 38;
57. J. Vicars, The picture of Independency (1645), pp. 8-9;
58. M. N[edham], Independencie no schisme (1646).
59. LJ, vi, pp. 573-6;
60. Holmes, 'Colonel King', pp. 460, 473;
61. J. T. Peacey, 'Politics, accounts, and propaganda in the Long Parliament', in Chris R. Kyle and J. T. Peacey, eds., Parliament at work, 1510-1670 (forthcoming).
62. Peacey, 'Henry Parker', pp. 154-5, 179-80.
63. J. Lilburne, A copie of a letter... to Mr William Prinne (1645);
64. Perfect Diurnall, 77 (13-20 Jan. 1645), p. 612;
65. W. Prynne, The lyar confounded (1645), pp. 3-4;
66. LJ, vn, p. 142;
67. Historical Manuscripts Commission (HMC), Sixth report (Nendeln, 1979), p. 46;
68. H. R. Plomer, 'Secret printing during the Civil War'
69. The Library, n. s., 5 (1904), pp. 374-403.
70. Prynne, Lyar, pp. 4-5;
71. Lilburne, Innocency and truth, p. 9.
72. Prynne, Lyar, p. 6;
73. J. Lilburne, The reasons of Lieu. Col. Lilbournes sending his letter (1645);
74. Lilburne, Innocency and truth, p. 10.
75. Prynne, Lyar, pp. 4-5;
76. Lilburne, Innocency and truth, pp. 9-10;
77. Prynne, Fresh discovery, p. 34.
78. J. Lilburne, The resolved mans resolution (1647), p. 30.
79. HLRO, MP 30/6/45, fos. 260, 262V-3;
80. MacCormack, Revolutionary politics, p. 86;
81. BL, Add. MS 18780, fo. 79b;
82. M. Mahony, 'The Savile affair and the politics of the Long Parliament', Parliamentary History, 7 (1988), pp. 212-27;
83. P. Crawford, Denz.il Holies (London, 1979), pp. 99-122;
84. V. Pearl, 'London puritans and Scotch fifth columnists: a mid-seventeenth-century phenomenon', in A. Hollaender and W. Kellaway, eds., Studies in London history (London, 1969), pp. 317-31.
85. Prynne, Lyar, p. 6;
86. W. Epstein, 'The committee for examinations and parliamentary justice, 1642-1647', Journal of Legal History, 7 (1g86), pp. 3-22.
87. Lilburne, Legal fundamental liberties (2nd edn), p. 28.
88. CJ, iv, p. 213.
89. Lilburne, Legal fundamental liberties (2nd edn), p. 28.
90. Mercurius Civicus, 113 (17-24 July 1645), p. 1001.
91. Prynne, Lyar, pp. 6-7;
92. J. Lilburne, The copy of a letter from Lieutenant Colonell John Lilburne to a friend (1645), pp. 1, 8, g, 12;
93. Lilburne, Innocency and truth, pp. 10, 13;
94. J. Lilburne, England's miserie andremedie (1645), p. 3;
95. Lilburne, Grand plea, p. 3;
96. Condick, 'John Bastwick', pp. 156-61;
97. Bastwick, Just defence, pp. 7-8;
98. Lilburne, Just mans justi fication (2nd edn), p. 3;
99. CJ, 1v, p. 215.
100. CJ, 1v, p. 212;
101. BL, Add. MS 18780, fo. 79b.
102. Lilburne, Copy of a letter... to a friend;
103. CJ, 1v, pp. 235, 236-7;
104. BL, Add. MS 18780, fo. 93a;
105. BL, Add. MS 31116, p. 450;
106. Lilburne, Innocency and truth, pp. 15, 17.
107. Lilburne, Just mans justification (2nd edn), p. 25;
108. Prynne, Lyar, pp. 7-8;
109. D. Underdown, Pride's purge (Oxford, 1971), pp. 69, 81.
110. J. Lilburne, England's birthright justified (1645), p. 26;
111. Lilburne, Innocency and truth, pp. 28-9.
112. Bastwick, Just defence, pp. 4, 8.
113. CJ, 1v, p. 239;
114. BL, Add. MS 18780, fo. 95b.
115. CJ, in, p. 653;
116. CJ, 1v, pp. 155, 169;
117. HMC, Sixth report, p. 63;
118. J. T. Peacey, 'Led by the hand: manucaptors and patronage at Lincoln's Inn in the seventeenth century', Journal of Legal History, 18 (1997), pp. 26-44.
119. Lilburne, Legal fundamental liberties (2nd edn), p. 28.
120. CJ, 1v, p. 253;
121. Lilburne, Innocency and truth, p. 30.
122. Lilburne, Innocency and truth, pp. 30, 33, 34, 38;
123. J. Lilburne, England's lamentable slaierie (1645);
124. Lilburne, Englands birthright justified;
125. CJ, 1v, p. 307.
126. The True Informer, 27 (25 Oct. 1645), p. 211.
127. CJ, 1v, p. 307;
128. Prynne, Ljar, sig. A3.
129. Lilburne, Resolved man's resolution, p. 30.
130. J. H. Hexter, The reign of King Pym (Cambridge, MA, 1961);
131. V. Pearl, 'Oliver St John and the middle group in the Long Parliament', English Historical Review, 81 (1966), pp. 490-519;
132. Underdown, Pride's purge, pp. 45-65.
133. 53Underdown, Pride's purge, pp. 71-2.
134. Kishlansky, New Model Army, pp. 212-27.
135. V. Pearl, 'The 'Royal Independents' in the English Civil War', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser., 18 (1968), pp. 69-96.
136. Nalson, Impartial collection, 1, p. 570. I am grateful to Phil Baker for a discussion on this point.
137. Lilburne, England's birthright justified, pp. 30, 33;
138. J. Lilburne, Jonahs cry (1647), pp. 12-13.
139. C. M. Williams, 'The anatomy of a radical gentleman: Henry Marten', in D. Pennington and K. Thomas, eds., Puritans and revolutionaries (Oxford, 1978), pp. 118-38.
140. W. Ball, Tractatus de jure regnandi (1645).
141. The four visitations of Berkshire, ed. W. H. Rylands (2 vols., London, 1908), II, p. 62;
142. Reading records, ed. J. M. Guilding (4 vols., London, 1896), iv, pp. 167-8, 170-5;
143. CJ, iv, p. 346;
144. Berkshire Record Office, TF 41 (Abingdon corporation minute book 1591-1686), fos. 1691-v; CJ, iv, p. 397. This material stems from research into Ball's career which I have undertaken for the History of Parliament.
145. Ball, Tractatus, sig. A2, pp. 2-5, 7, 9-10, 12-13, 15.
146. CJ, iv, p. 338.
147. CJ, iv, p. 338;
148. Peacey, 'Politics, accounts and propaganda'.
149. CJ, iv, p. 338;
150. Lilburne, Innocency and truth, pp. 64-5, 68-72.
151. Lilburne, Just mans justification (2nd edn), p. 26;
152. LJ, viii, pp. 127, 164-5;
153. HLRO, MP 2/2/46; A Diary, or an Exact Journall, 4 (12-18 Feb. 1646), p. 2;
154. A true relation of the materiall passages of Lieut. Col. John Lilburnes sufferings (1646);
155. T. Barnard, Cromuellian Ireland (Oxford, 1975), pp. 262-76;
156. J. S. A. Adamson, 'The English nobility and the projected settlement of 1647', Historical Journal, 30 (1987) p. 589;
157. LJ, x, pp. 324-5.
158. CJ, iv, p. 338;
159. A true relation of the materiall passages, p. 11;
160. LJ, viii, pp. 194, 217, 272;
161. Perfect Passages of Each Dayes Proceedings, 71 (25 Feb.-4 Mar. 1646), pp. 564-5;
162. The Weekly Account, 9 (18-24 Feb. 1646), sigs. I3V-I4; Perfect Occurrences, 71 (13 Mar. 1646), sig. L.
163. Mercurius Britanicus, 116 (26 Jan.-2 Feb. 1646), p. 1021;
164. J. S. A. Adamson, 'The peerage in politics, 1645-1649' (Ph. D. thesis, Cambridge, 1986), p. 159;
165. Peacey, 'Henry Parker', pp. 154-9;
166. Mercurius Britanicus, 121 (9-16 Mar. 1646), p. 1058;
167. Mercurius Britanicus, 127 (20-7 Apr. 1646), pp. 1088-9, 1094.
168. Peacey, 'Henry Parker', pp. 158-9;
169. Adamson, 'Peerage in polities', pp. 130-68.
170. The petition and information of Joseph Hunscott (1645);
171. A true relation of all the passages... against William Larnar (1646);
172. Plomer, 'Secret printing', pp. 389-403.
173. Lilburne, Resolved mans resolution, p. 39;
174. Lilburne, Grand plea, p. 3.
175. MacCormack, Revolutionary politics, pp. 91, 129.
176. Lilburne, Just man's justification (2nd edn), p. 26.
177. J. Sadler, A word in season (1646, BL, E 1184/3).
178. M. Mahony, 'Presbyterianism in the City of London, 1645-1647', Historical Journal, 22 (1979), PP- 93-144;
179. Adamson, 'Peerage in polities', pp. 133-4.
180. [J. Sadler], A word in season (1646, BL, E337/25);
181. A transcript of the registers of the worshipful company of stationers (3 vols., London, 1913-14), I, p. 230;
182. The writings of William Walwyn, pp. 196-204;
183. Peacey, 'Henry Parker', pp. 32, 241-2.
184. DNB; A. Woolrych, From Commonwealth to Protectorate (Oxford, 1982), pp. 203-9;
185. Peacey, 'Led by the hand', pp. 36-7;
186. Lilburne, Jonah's cry, p. 5;
187. J. Lilburne, The upright man's vindication (1653), p. 29.
188. Lilburne, Grand plea, p. 4;
189. J. Lilburne, The free-mans freedom vindicated (1646), p. 3;
190. Lilburne, Just mans justification (2nd edn), p. 27;
191. LJ, viii, p. 368.
192. MacCormack, Revolutionary politics, p. 156.
193. Lilburne, Freemans freedom vindicated, pp. 4-6;
194. J. Lilburne, The juglers discovered (1647), p. 9.
195. Mercurius Aulicus, 6 (2-9 Mar. 1648), sig. F2V.
196. Lilburne, Freemans freedom vindicated, pp. 4, 7;
197. LJ, VIII, p. 370;
198. J. Lilburne, An anatomy of the Lords tyranny (1646), pp. 3-4;
199. S. Sheppard, The famers fam'd (1646), p. 4.
200. LJ, viii, p. 370, 387.
201. LJ, VIII, p. 388;
202. J. Lilburne, The just man in bonds (1646), pp. 3-4;
203. Lilburne, Anatomy, p. 5;
204. Sheppard, Famers fam'd, p. 5.
205. LJ, VIII, pp. 419, 426-7, 429-30, 432-3;
206. The Scotish Dove, 142 (8-15 july 1646), p. 725;
207. Lilburne, Anatomy, p. 12;
208. [M. Nedham?], Vox plebis (1646), pp. 26-30, 32-5.
209. A pearle in a dounghill (1646);
210. A remonstrance of many thousand citizens (1646).
211. LJ, VIII, p. 451;
212. An alarum to the House of Lords (1646).
213. LJ, VIII, pp. 463, 465;
214. HLRO, MP 13/8/46.
215. R. Overton, A defiance against all tyrants (1646), pp. 8-9, 13-14, 16-18.
216. LJ, VIII, pp. 493-4;
217. Plomer, 'Secret printing', pp. 374-403;
218. J. Lilburne, Rash oaths unwarrantable (1647), p. 3.
219. Adamson, 'Peerage in politics', pp. 130-68.
220. LJ, VIII, p. 391.
221. Gibb, John Lilburne, p. 143.
222. Tolmie, Triumph of the saints, p. 49.
223. J. Lilburne, A copy of a letter sent by Lieu. Col. John Lilburne to Mr Wollaston (1646);
224. Lilburne, Just man in bonds, pp. 1-4.
225. Brailsford, Levellers and the English Revolution, pp. 96-7;
226. The writings of William Walwyn, pp. 24, 223-6.
227. Overton, A defiance, title page.
228. Lilburne, Just mans justification (2nd edn), pp. 9-11;
229. Lilburne, Rash oaths unwarrantable, pp. 2-3.
230. Peacey, 'Henry Parker', pp. 241-5.
231. CJ, IV, pp. 438, 445.
232. Bodleian Library, MS Tanner 60, fo. 491: William Ball to William Lenthall, 1 Mar. 1645.
233. W. Ball, Constitutio liberi populi (1646), pp. 5, 7, 12, 15, 17.
234. R. Overton, An arrow against all tyrants (1647), pp. 3-16;
235. R. Overton, The commoners complaint (1646), pp. 1-23.
236. Lilburne, Grand plea, pp. 1-2;
237. Lilburne, Juglers discovered, p. 2;
238. Perfect Occurrences of Both Houses of Parliament, 46 (6-13 Nov. 1646), sigs. Xxv, Xx3; The Kingdomes Weekly Intelligencer, 172 (27 Oct-3 Nov. 1646), p. 282;
239. Lilburne, Anatomy, pp. 1-23.
240. [Nedham?], Vox plibis, pp. 23, 26-30, 32-3, 43, 60-68;
241. B. Worden, 'Wit in a roundhead: the dilemma of Marchamont Nedham', in S. D. Amussen and M. A. Kishlansky, eds., Political culture and cultural politics in early modern England (Manchester, 1995), p. 320;
242. Lilburne, Rash oaths unwarrantable, p. 3;
243. Lilburne, Juglers discovered, p. 6.
244. Lilburne, Resolved mans resolution, pp. 31-3, 37;
245. Lilburne, Just mans justification (2nd edn), p. 6;
246. PRO, SP 28/14, fos. 86-7.
247. LJ, viii, pp. 645, 647;
248. J. Lilburne, Regall tyrannic discovered (1647);
249. Mercurius Diutinus, 11 (3-10 Feb. 1647), p. 83;
250. The Weekly Account, 6 (3-10 Feb. 1647), sig. F4v;
251. London Post, 5 (4-11 Feb. 1647), p. 30;
252. Perfect Occurrences of Every Daie Journall, 6 (5-12 Feb. 1647), p. 45.
253. J. White, John White's defence (1646);
254. J. Lilburne, Londons liberty in chains (1646), p. 63;
255. Lilburne, The oppressed mans oppressions (1647), p. 8.
256. Gregg, Free-born John, p. 146.
257. W. H. Terry, Judge Jenkins (London, 1929);
258. W. Epstein, 'Judge David Jenkins and the great Civil War', Journal of Legal History, 3 (1982), pp. 187-221.
259. CJ, v, p. 167;
260. W. Ball, The power of kings discussed (1649).
261. Peacey, 'Henry Parker', pp. 122-3, 289.
262. LJ, IX, p. 244.
263. J. S. A. Adamson, 'Oliver Cromwell and the Long Parliament', in J. S. Morrill, ed., Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution (London, 1990), pp. 49-92;
264. Adamson, 'English nobility', pp. 567-602.
265. Pearle in a dounghill, p. 4;
266. Lilburne, Juglers discovered, p. 4.
267. J. Lilburne, The additional plea (1647), pp. 17-23;
268. R. Overton, An appeale from the degenerate representative body (1647).
269. J. Lilburne, Two letters writ by Lieut. Col. John Lilburne (1647), pp. 4-5.
270. J. Lilburne, A copy of a letter written to Collonell Henry Marten (1647).
271. Lilburne, Rash oaths unwarrantable, pp. 2-3, 4-5.
272. The writings of William Walwyn, p. 27.
273. 'The Tower of London letterbook of Sir Lewis Dyve, 1646-47', ed. H. G. Tibbutt, Bedfordshire Historical Record Society, 38 (1958), p. 85;
274. Adamson, 'English nobility', pp. 594-5.
275. Underdown, Pride's purge, p. 85;
276. Claydon House, Verney papers, Reel 8, unfol. Dr William Denton to Sir Ralph Verney, 6 Oct. 1647.
277. J. Lilburne, Two letters: the one from Lieutenant Colonell John Lilboume to Colonel Henry Martin (1647), sigs. A-Av; A Perfect Diurnall, 213 (23-30 Aug. 1647), p. 1714.
278. PRO, SP 28/46, fo. 118.
279. Lilburne, Two letters writ by Lieut. Col. John Lilburne, p. 1.
280. Perfect Occurrences, 37 (10-17 Sept. 1647), p. 253.
281. A Perfect Summary, 9 (13-20 Sept. 1647), p. 70.
282. Peacey, 'Henry Parker', pp. 242-3.
283. CJ, IV, p. 679;
284. CJ, v, pp. 132, 217, 298, 299, 306, 309, 311, 316, 330, 334;
285. LJ, 1x, p. 440; Acts and ordinances of the interregnum, 1642-1660, ed. C. H. Firth and R. S. Rait (3 vols., London, 1891-1901), 1, pp. 1021-3;
286. W. Ball, A brief treatise concerning the regulating of printing (1651).
287. Perfect Occurrences, 40 (1-8 Oct. 1647), pp. 275-6.
288. Perfect Occurrences, 42 (15-22 Oct. 1647), pp. 292-6;
289. CJ, v, p. 334;
290. LJ, IX, p. 511;
291. Perfect Occurrences, 45 (5-12 Nov. 1647), p. 305, sig. Xx2;
292. Perfect Diurnall, 223 (1-8 Nov. 1647), p. 1789;
293. Perfect Diurnall, 224 (8-15 Nov. 1647), p. 1799;
294. Lilburne, Additional plea, pp. 17-22.
295. LJ, 1x, p. 529;
296. J. Lilburne, A defiance to tyrants (1648).
297. Perfect Occurrences, 50 (10-17 Dec. 1647), p. 348;
298. Perfect Occurrences, 54 (7-14jan. 1648), PP. 372, 376.
299. Peacey, 'Henry Parker', pp. 211-13;
300. W. Prynne, The Levellers levelled (1647).
301. CJ, V, pp. 452, 536;
302. A Perfect Diurnall, 234 (17-24jan. 1648), pp. 1684-6.
303. H. Parker, Of a free trade (1648), pp. 1-6.
304. Kingdomes Weekly Intelligencer, 259 (2-9 May 1648), p. 935;
305. J. Lilburne, A whip for the present House of Lords (1648), pp. 2-3;
306. J. Lilburne, The lawes funeral (1648), p. 2;
307. J. Lilburne, The prisoners plea (1648).
308. Mercurius Pragmaticus, 3 (11-18Apr. 1648), sig. C2V.
309. Lilburne, Prisoners moumfull cry, pp. 7-8.