At caesarean section under regional anaesthesia, it is essential to test sensory block with light touch before allowing surgery to start

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 294-297

  Russell, I F ^a  

^a HULL ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANESTHESIST; ARTICLE; CESAREAN SECTION; COLD SENSATION; DERMATOME; HEAT SENSATION; HUMAN; NERVE BLOCK; OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRICK TEST; REGIONAL ANESTHESIA; SENSORY ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TOUCH;

ANESTHESIA, CONDUCTION; ANESTHESIA, OBSTETRICAL; CESAREAN SECTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; NERVE BLOCK; OBSTETRIC LABOR COMPLICATIONS; PREGNANCY; RESEARCH DESIGN; TOUCH;

EID: 33749266874     PISSN: 0959289X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2006.06.006     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Yentis S. Height of confusion: assessing regional blocks before caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth 15 (2006) 2-6
2. Hollmén A. Axillary plexus block. A double blind study of 59 cases using mepivacaine and LAC-43. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand suppl XXI (1966) 53-65
3. Greene N.M. Area of differential block in spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric tetracaine. Anesthesiology 10 (1958) 45-49
4. Brull S.J., and Greene N.M. Time course of zones of differential sensory blockade during spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric tetracaine or bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 69 (1989) 342-347
5. Brull S.J., and Greene N.M. Zones of differential sensory block during extradural anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 66 (1991) 651-655
6. Stevens R.A., Bray J.G., Artuso J.D., Kao T., and Spitzer L. Differential epidural block. Reg Anesth 17 (1992) 22-25
7. White J.L., Stevens R.A., Beardsley D., Teague P.J., and Kao T. Differential epidural block. Does the choice of local anesthetic matter? Reg Anesth 19 (1994) 335-338
8. nd ed. (1999), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 428
9. Holdcroft A., and Thomas T.A. Principles and Practice of Obstetric Anaesthesia (2000), Blackwell, Oxford 261
10. Yentis S.M., Brighouse D., May A., Bogod D., and Elton C. Analgesia & anaesthesia in pregnancy. A practical guide (2001), W B Saunders, London 92
11. Bourne T.M., DeMelo A.E., Bastianpillai B.A., and May A.E. A survey of how British obstetric anaesthetists test regional anaesthesia before caesarean section. Anaesthesia 52 (1997) 901-903
12. Sodhi M., Tamilselvan P., Fernando R., and Venkatesh S. How obstetric anaesthetists test the quality of regional anaesthetic block before caesarean section: a national survey. Int J Obstet Anesth 14 (2005) S8
13. Choi D.H. The futility of using sharp pin-prick (or cold) to assess spinal or epidural anesthesia for cesarean section. Reg Anesth Pain Med 26 (2001) 385-386
14. Russell I.F. Levels of anaesthesia and intraoperative pain at caesarean section under regional block. Int J Obstet Anesth 4 (1995) 71-77
15. Russell I.F. A comparison of cold, pinprick and touch for assessing the level of spinal block at caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth 13 (2004) 146-152
16. Perumal T, Fernando R, Bray J, Columb M. A comparison of cold and touch dermatomal levels using ethyl chloride spray during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. ASA abstracts 2004; A 183. (http://www.asaabstracts.com/strands/asaabstracts/abstract.htm; jsessionid=AFCA794E069DC819DCBBF053E9F7D7C9?year=2004 & index=14& absnum=1469).
17. Inglis A., Daniel M., and McGrady E. Maternal position during induction of spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section. A comparison of right lateral and sitting position. Anaesthesia 50 (1995) 363-365
18. Sarvela P.J., Halonen P.M., and Korttila K.T. Comparison of 9 mg of intrathecal plain and hyperbaric bupivacaine both with fentanyl for cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 89 (1999) 1257-1262
19. McNally T. Anti-Terrorism Review. Lords Hansard 2004; 658: Column 789 (4 March). http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200304/ldhansrd/vo040304/text/40304-04.htm.
20. Oyston J. A guide to spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section for anaesthetists and anesthesiologists. http://www.oyston.com/anaes/local/spinalcs.html.
21. Wildsmith J.A.W. Sacred cows and shibboleths. Caesarean section demands a block to ...?. Royal College of Anaesthetists Bulletin 26 (2004) 1316-1317. http://www.rcoa.ac.uk/docs/B26_Shibboleths.pdf
22. Santos A., Pedersen H., Finster M., and Edström H. Hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in cesarean section. Anesth Analg 63 (1984) 1009-1013
23. Pan P., Lin Z.F., Lim J., Tung M.C., and Wei T.T. The optimal dose of hyperbaric tetracaine spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Acta Anaesthesiologica Sinica 27 (1989) 349-352
24. Pedersen H., Santos A.C., Steinberg E.S., Schapiro H.M., Harmon T.W., and Finster M. Incidence of visceral pain during cesarean section: the effect of varying doses of spinal bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 69 (1989) 46-49
25. Alahuhta S., Kangas-Saarela T., Hollmén A.I., and Edström H.H. Visceral pain during caesarean section under spinal and epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine. Acta Anaesth Scand 34 (1990) 95-98
26. Hirabayashi Y., Saitoh K., Fukuda H., and Shimizu R. Visceral pain during caesarean section: effect of varying doses of spinal amethocaine. Br J Anaesth 75 (1995) 266-268
27. Chung C.J., Bae S.H., Chae K.Y., and Chin Y.J. Spinal anaesthesia with 0.25% hyperbaric bupivacaine for caesarean section: effects of volume. Br J Anaesth 77 (1996) 145-149
28. Choi D.H., Ahn H.J., and Kim M.H. Bupivacaine-sparing effect of fentanyl in spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Reg Anesth 25 (2000) 240-245
29. Khaw K.S., Ngan Kee W.D., Wong E.L.Y., Liu J.Y.W., and Chung R. Spinal ropivacaine for cesarean section. A dose finding study. Anesthesiology 95 (2001) 1346-1350
30. Kiran S., and Singal N.K. A comparative study of three different doses of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia in elective caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth 11 (2002) 185-189
31. Hutter C.D.D. Assessing the block for caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth 10 (2001) 328
32. Jain K., Grover V.K., Mahajan R., and Batra Y.K. Effect of varying doses of fentanyl with low dose spinal bupivacaine for caesarean delivery in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Int J Obstet Anesth 13 (2004) 215-220
33. Chung C.J., Choi S.R., Yeo K.H., Park H.S., Lee S.I., and Chin Y.J. Hyperbaric spinal ropivacaine for cesarean delivery: A comparison to hyperbaric bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 93 (2001) 157-161
34. Parpaglioni R., Frigo M.G., Lemma A., Sebastiani M., Barbati G., and Celleno D. Minimum local anaesthetic dose (MLAD) of intrathecal levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for caesarean section. Anaesthesia 61 (2006) 110-115
35. Saravanan S., Robinson A.P.C., Qayoum Dar A., Columb M.O., and Lyons G.R. Minimum dose of intrathecal diamorphine required to prevent intraoperative supplementation of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 91 (2003) 368-372
36. Akerman N., Saxena S., Wilson R., Columb M., and Lyons G. Effect of intrathecal diamorphine on block height during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section with bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth 94 (2005) 843-847
37. Kestin I.G. Assessing the block for caesarean section: more thoughts. Int J Obstet Anesth 11 (2002) 146-147
38. Zaidi A.S., and Russell I.F. Is transcutaneous electrical stimulation a realistic surrogate for genuine surgical stimulation during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery?. Anesth Analg 100 (2005) 1477-1481
39. Kinsella S.M. Rate of pain during caesarean section after block testing using loss of cold sensation. Int J Obstet Anesth 14 (2005) S32