Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 161-171

  Manzur, Amir ^a,b  

^a PAF Hospital   (Pakistan)

^b PAF Base   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Clinical presentations; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Diagnosis; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; AMPHOTERICIN B; ANTIMONY; BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CYTOKINE; DAPSONE; DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE; DIMINAZENE ACETURATE; EMETINE; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; IMIQUIMOD; ISONIAZID; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; LEVAMISOLE; LIQUID NITROGEN; MEBENDAZOLE; MEGLUMINE ANTIMONATE; METRONIDAZOLE; MICONAZOLE; NITRIC OXIDE; PAROMOMYCIN; RIFAMPICIN; SALICYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER; SODIUM CHLORIDE; STIBOGLUCONATE SODIUM; TERBINAFINE; UNINDEXED DRUG; ZINC SULFATE;

ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT; AMASTIGOTE; ANEMIA; ANOREXIA; ARTHRALGIA; ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CRYOTHERAPY; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ECG ABNORMALITY; FATTY ACID OXIDATION; HUMAN; HYPERTHERMIC THERAPY; INCIDENCE; LEUKOPENIA; LOCAL SKIN REACTION; MALAISE; MYALGIA; NONHUMAN; PAKISTAN; PANCREATITIS; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PROTOZOAL INFECTION; PSYCHODIDAE; SARCOMASTIGOPHORA; SERODIAGNOSIS; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN LEISHMANIASIS; SMEAR; T WAVE INVERSION; THERAPY DELAY; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VOMITING;

EID: 33749047024     PISSN: 15609014     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Chang KP, Fong D, Bray RS. Biology of leishmania and leishmaniasis. In: Chang KP, Bray RS, eds. Leishmaniasis: Human parasitic diseases, Vol 1. New York: Elsevier, 1985. p. 1-30.
2. World Health Organization: Leishmaniasis. Twelfth programme report of the TDR. 1995.
3. Yasinzai MM, Iqbal J, Kakar JK et al. Leishmaniasis in Pakistan: Revisited. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 1996; 6: 70-5.
4. Rab MA, Azmi FA, Iqbal J et al. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Balochistan. Reservoir hosts and sandfly vector in Uthal, Lasbella. J Pak Med Assoc 1986; 36: 134-8.
5. Grevelink SA, Lemer EA. Leishmaniasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 34: 257-72.
6. Burney MI, Lari FA. Status of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan. Pak J Med Res 1986; 25: 101-8.
7. Sahibzada NJ, Tareen AK, Khursheed T, Darr N. Evaluation of paromomycin sulphate topical ointment as effective therapeutic agent in cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Pak Med Assoc 1996; 46: 53-5.
8. Hepburn NC. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: an overview. J Postgrad Med 2003; 49: 50-4.
9. Morsy TA. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Egypt (review and comment). J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1996; 26: 105-30.
10. Desjeux P. Information on the epidemiology and control of the leishmaniasis by country and territory. Geneva: World Health Organization. 1991.
11. th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1993. p. 2772-7.
12. Kibbi AG, Karan PG, Kurban AK. Sporotrichoid leishmaniasis in patients from Saudi Arabia: Clinical and histological features. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 17: 759-64.
13. Kubba R, Al-Gindan Y, El-Hassan AM. Clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (oriental sore). J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 16: 1183-9.
14. th edn. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992. p. 1251-63.
15. Rowland M, Munir A, Durrani N et al. An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an Afghan refugee settlement in north-west Pakistan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1999; 93: 133-6.
16. Ayub S, Gramiccia M, Khalid M et al. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Multan: species identification. J Pak Med Assoc 2003; 53: 445-7.
17. Momeni AZ, Aminjavaheri M. Clinical picture of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Dermatol 1994; 33: 260-5.
18. Gafaar A, Ismail A, el Kadaro AY et al. Necrotizing and suppurative lymphadenitis in Leishmania major infections. Trop Med Int Health 1996; 1: 243-50.
19. Raja KM, Khan AA, Hameed A, Rahman SB. Unusual clinical variants of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139: 111-3.
20. Iftikhar N, Bari I, Ejaz A. Rare variants of cutaneous leishmaniasis: whitlow, paronychia, and sporotrichoid. Int J Dermatol 2003; 42: 807-9.
21. Vardy DA, Cohen A, Kachko E et al. Relapse of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with an infected subcutaneous rheumatoid nodule. Br J Dermatol 1999; 141: 914-7.
22. Mardsen PD. Clinical presentations of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. Parasitol Today 1985; 1: 129-33.
23. Guarneri C, Vaccaro M, Cannavo SP et al. Erythematous-edematous- infiltrative plaque on the face: cutaneous angiolupoid leishmaniasis. Eur J Dermatol 2002; 12: 597-9.
24. Shelleh HH, Khan SA, Al-Shayeb AM et al. Cold cellulitis. An unusual presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Saudi Med J 2002; 23: 1002-4.
25. Belli A, Garcia D, Palacios X et al. Widespread atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania chagasi in Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 61: 380-5.
26. Develoux M, Diallo S, Dieng Y et al. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. major in Senegal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996: 90: 396-7.
27. Momeni AZ, Yolsumoto S, Mehregan DR. Chronic lupoid leishmaniasis, evaluation by polymerase chain reaction. Arch Dermatol 1996; 132: 198-202.
28. Zijistra EE, Khalil EA, Kager PA, El-Hassan AM. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis. Br J Dermatol 2000; 143: 136-43.
29. Rubio FA, Robayna G, Herranz E et al. Leishmaniasis presenting as a psoriasiform eruption in AIDS. Br J Dermatol 1997; 136: 792-4.
30. Colebunders R, Depraetere K, Verstraeten T et al. Unusual cutaneous lesions in two patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41: 847-50.
31. Dauded E, Penas PF, Rios L et al. Leishmaniasis presenting as a dermatomyositis-like eruption in AIDS. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 35: 316-9.
32. Berger RS, Perez-Figaredo RA, Spielvogel RL. Leishmaniasis: the touch preparation as a rapid means of diagnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987; 16: 1096-1105.
33. Ramirez JR, Agudelo S, Muskus C et al. Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: the sampling site within lesions influences the sensitivity of parasitologic diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 3768-73.
34. Kassi M, Tareen I, Qazi A, Kasi PM. Fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Ann Saudi Med 2004; 24: 93-7.
35. Biddlestone LR, Hepburn NC, McLaren KM. A clinico-pathological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in British troops from Belize. Trans R Soc Med Hyg 1994; 88: 672-76.
36. Samaday JA, Janniger CK, Schwartz RA. Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Cutis 1996; 57: 13-20.
37. Allahverdiyev AM, Uzun S, Bagirova M et al. A sensitive new microculture method for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 70: 294-7.
38. Salman S, Izzedine N, Kibbi AG. Chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis: leishmania parasites in blood. Int J Dermatol 1992; 31: 562-4.
39. Jensen AT, Gafaar A, Ismail A et al. Serodiagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a peptide sequence from gene B protein. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1996; 55: 490-5.
40. Shahid MA, Akhtar P, Iqbal Z. Comparison of direct agglutination test with indirect haemagglutination test in serodiagnosis of leishmaniasis. Pak J Zool 1992; 24: 269-71.
41. Aviles H, Belli A, Armijos R et al. PCR detection and identification of Leishmania parasites in clinical specimens in Ecuador: a comparison with classical diagnostic methods. J Parasitol 1999; 85: 181-7.
42. Selim MM, Vlasin Z, Jaroskova L. Leishmaniasis: currently recommended treatment. Int J Dermatol 1990; 29: 318-21.
43. Beth A, Rsen T. Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 31: 693-708.
44. Wortmann G, Miller RS, Oster C et al. A randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of a 10 or 20-day course of sodium stibogluconate for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in United States military personnel. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35: 261-7.
45. Hepburn NC. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2000; 25: 363-70.
46. Masmoudi A, Maalej N, Mseddi M et al. Glucantime injection: benefit versus toxicity. Med Mal Infect 2005; 35: 42-5.
47. Demicheli C, Ochoa R, da Silva JB et al. Oral delivery of meglumine antimoniate-beta-cyclodextrin complex for treatment of leishmaniasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 100-3.
48. Toledo VP, Mayrink W, Gollob KJ et al. Immunochemotherapy in American cutaneous leishmaniasis: immunological aspects before and after treatment. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2001; 96: 89-98.
49. Gurei MS, Tatli N, Ozbilge H et al. Efficacy of cryotherapy and intralesional pentostam in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2000; 30: 169-76.
50. Reithinger R, Mohsen M, Wahid M et al. Efficacy of thermotherapy to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in Kabul, Afghanistan: a randomized, controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 1148-55.
51. Gardlo K, Hanneken S, Ruzicka T, Neumann NJ. Photodynamic therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis. A promising new therapeutic modality. Hautarzt 2004; 55: 381-3.
52. Tallab TM, Bahamdam KA, Mirdad S et al. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Schedules for intralesional treatment with sodium stibogluconate. Int J Dermatol 1996; 35: 594-7.
53. Sharquie KE, Najim RA, Farjou IB. A comparative controlled trial of intralesionally administered zinc sulphate, hypertonic sodium chloride and pentavalent antimony compound against acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1997; 22: 167-73.
54. Firooz A, Khatami A, Khamesipour A et al. Intralesional injection of 2% zinc sulfate solution in the treatment of acute old world cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. J Drugs Dermatol 2005; 4: 73-9.
55. Iraji F, Sadeghinia A. Efficacy of paromomycin ointment in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: results of a double-blind, randomized trial in Isfahan, Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2005; 99: 3-9.
56. Davidson RN, Yardley V, Croft SL et al. A topical nitric oxide-generating therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000; 94: 319-22.
57. Miranda-Verastegui C, Llanos-Cuentas A, Arevalo I et al. Randomized, double-blind clinical trial of topical imiquimod 5% with parenteral meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 1395-403.
58. Santos JB, de Jesus AR, Machado PR et al. Antimony plus recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor applied topically in low doses enhances healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis ulcers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Infect Dis 2004; 190: 1793-6.
59. Dogra J, Lal BB, Misra SN. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: therapeutic efficacy of dapsone in the commonly existing sub-types. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1989; 55: 375-7.
60. Kochar DK, Aseri S, Sharma BV et al. The role of rifampicin in the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis. QJM. 2000; 93: 733-7.
61. Nassiri-Kashani M, Firooz A, Khamesipour A et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of itraconazole in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005; 19: 80-3.
62. Perez A. Terbinafine: broad new spectrum of indications in several subcutaneous and systemic parasitic diseases. Mycoses 1999, 42 (Suppl 2): 111-4.
63. Singh S, Sivakumar R. Challenges and new discoveries in the treatment of leishmaniasis. J Infect Chemother 2004; 10: 307-15.
64. Sharquie KE, Najim RA. Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis. Saudi Med J 2004; 25: 951-4.
65. Baron S, Laube S, Raafat F, Moss C. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Kosovan child treated with oral fluconazole. Clin Exp Dermatol 2004; 29: 546-7.
66. Silva-Vergara ML, Silva Lde A, Maneira FR et al. Azithromycin in the treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2004; 46: 175-7.
67. Bommer W, Eibl HJ, Engel KR et al. Leishmaniasis-oral treatment with hexadecylphosphocholine. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2004; 116 (Suppl 4): 24-9.
68. Brodskyn C, de Oliveira CI, Barral A, Barral-Netto M. Vaccines in leishmaniasis: advances in the last five years. Expert Rev Vaccines 2003; 2: 705-17.