SIAARTI guidelines for safety in locoregional anaesthesia;Linee guida SIAARTI per la sicurezza in anestesia locoregionale

Minerva Anestesiologica

Volumn 72, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 689-722

  Bertini, L ^a   Savoia, G ^b   De Nicola, A ^c   Ivani, G ^d   Gravino, E ^e   Albani, A ^f   Alemanno, F ^g   Barbati, A ^h   Borghi, B ⁱ   Borrometi, F ^j   Casati, A ^k   Celleno, D ^l   Ciaschi, A ^a   Corcione, A ^m   De Negri, P ⁿ   Di Benedetto, P ^o   Evangelista, M ^p   Fanelli, G ^k   Grossi, P ^q   Loreto, M ^h   Margaria, E ^r   Mastronardi, P ^e   Mattia, C ^s   Nicosia, F ^t   Nolli, M ^u   Rutili, A ^v   Santangelo, E ^w   Sucre, J ^c   Tagariello, V ^l   Varrassi, G ^x   Paoletti, F ^y   Tufano, R ^e   more..

^a CTO Hospital ASL Roma C   (Italy)

^b CARDARELLI HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^c ASL NA5   (Italy)

^d REGINA MARGHERITA CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^f Aosta Hospital   (Italy)

^g IRCCS FONDAZIONE DON CARLO GNOCCHI   (Italy)

^h ASL SA/3   (Italy)

ⁱ Service of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care   (Italy)

^j SANTOBONO PAUSILIPON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^k UNIVERSITY OF PARMA   (Italy)

^l FATEBENEFRATELLI HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^m MONALDI HOSPITAL   (Italy)

ⁿ IRCCS Hospital   (Italy)

^o SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^p FONDAZIONE POLICLINICO UNIVERSITARIO A GEMELLI IRCCS   (Italy)

^q IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN DONATO   (Italy)

^r SIAARTI Representative of the Piedmont Region ^*  (Italy)

^s SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^t GALLIERA HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^u CREMONA HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^v Service of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care   (Italy)

^w Magna Grecia University   (Italy)

^x UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

^y Perugia Hospital   (Italy)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ADRENALIN; ANESTHETIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BUPIVACAINE; CLOPIDOGREL; CORTICOSTEROID DERIVATIVE; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DEXTRAN; DICOUMAROL; ENOXAPARIN; EPTIFIBATIDE; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; FONDAPARINUX; HEPARIN; HEPARIN CALCIUM; LIDOCAINE; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; MEPIVACAINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OPIATE DERIVATIVE; ROPIVACAINE; THROMBIN INHIBITOR; TICLOPIDINE; TIROFIBAN; UNINDEXED DRUG;

AGRANULOCYTOSIS; ANESTHESIA INDUCTION; APLASTIC ANEMIA; ARTICLE; BLEEDING DISORDER; BRAIN DAMAGE; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN HYPOXIA; CAUDA EQUINA SYNDROME; CONVULSION; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG SAFETY; EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; EPIDURAL HEMATOMA; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HEADACHE; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEART ARREST; HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE; HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFORMED CONSENT; INJECTION SITE BLEEDING; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; NERVE BLOCK; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PARALYSIS; PARAPLEGIA; PARESTHESIA; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT EDUCATION; PATIENT MONITORING; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; PERIPHERAL NERVE; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; POSTOPERATIVE THROMBOSIS; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRESCRIPTION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; RADICULOPATHY; REGIONAL ANESTHESIA; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK MANAGEMENT; SPINAL HEMATOMA; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION INHIBITION; THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA;

ANESTHESIA, CONDUCTION; ANTICOAGULANTS; DOCUMENTATION; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; INFORMED CONSENT; ITALY; PERIOPERATIVE CARE; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; PREOPERATIVE CARE;

EID: 33749014647     PISSN: 03759393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Horlocker TT. Regional anesthesia in the anticoagulated patient: Defining the Risks (The Second ASRA Consensus Conference on Neuraxial Anesthesia and Anticoagulation). Reg Anesth Pain Med 2003;28:172-97.
2. Levine MN, Raskob G, Landefeld S, Kearon C. Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant treatment. Chest 2001;119 (1 Suppl):108S-21S.
3. Levine MN, Goldhaber SZ, Gore JM, Hirsh J, Califf RM. Hemorrhagic complications of thrombolytic therapy in the treatment of myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism. Chest 1995;108 (4 Suppl):291S-301S.
4. Tryba M. Epidural regional anesthesia and low molecular heparin: Pro] Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 1993;28:179-81. German.
5. Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Schroeder DR, Rose SH, Elliott BA, McGregor DG et al. Preoperative antiplatelet therapy does not increase the risk of spinal hematoma with regional anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1995;80:303-9.
6. Stafford-Smith M. Impaired haemostasis and regional anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 1996:43:R129-41.
7. Vandermeulen EP, Van Aken H, Vermylen J. Anticoagulants and spinal-epidural anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1994;79:1165-77.
8. Rodgers RPC, Levin J. A critical reappraisal of the bleeding time. Semin Thromb Hemost 1990;16:1-20.
9. Cronberg S, Wallmark E, Soderberg I. Effect on platelet aggregation of oral administration of 10 non-steroidal analgesics to humans. Scand J Haematol 1984;33:155-9.
10. Leese PT, Hubbard RC, Karim A, Isakson PC, Yu SS, Geis GS. Effects of celecoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on platelet function in healthy adults: A randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Pharmacol 2000;40:124-32.
11. Taniuchi M, Kurz HI, Lasala JM. Randomized comparison of ticlopidine and clopidogrel after intracoronary stent implantation in a broad patient population. Circulation 2001;104:539-43.
12. Urmey WF, Rowlingson JC. Do antiplatelet agents contribute to the development of perioperative spinal hematoma? Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998;23:146-51.
13. Gerancher JC, Waterer R, Middleton J. Transient para-paresis after postdural puncture spinal hematoma in a patient receiving ketorolac. Anesthesiology 1997;86:490-4.
14. Nava S, Rossignoli L, Tagariello V, Bertini L. Technical difficulties in epidural blocks and bleeding spinal complications. Minerva Anestesiol 2001;67:881-6.
15. Benzon HT, Wong HY, Siddiqui T, Ondra S. Caution in performing epidural injections in patients on several antiplatelet drugs. Anesthesiology 1999;91:1558-9.
16. Gilbert A, Owens BD, Mulroy MF. Epidural hematoma after outpatient epidural anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2002;94:77-8.
17. Kawaguchi S, Tokutomi S. [A case of epidural hematoma associated with epidural catheterization which occurred on 12th day after the Japanese last medication of ticlopidine hydrochloride] Masui 2002;51:526-8. Japanese.
18. CLASP (Collaborative Low-Dose Aspirin Study in Pregnancy) Collaborative Group. CLASP: A randomized trial of low-dose aspirin for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia among 9364 pregnant women. Lancet 1994;343:619-29.
19. Horlocker TT, Bajwa ZH, Ashraft Z, Khan S, Wilson JL, Sami N et al. Risk assessment of hemorrhagic complications associated with nonsteroidal antiiflammatory medications in ambulatory pain clinic patients undergoing epidural steroid injection. Anesth Analg 2002;95:1691-7.
20. Pulmonary Embolism Prevention Trial Collaborative Group. Prevention of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis with low dose aspirin: Pulmonary Embolism Prevention (PEP) trial. Lancet 2000;355:1295-302.
21. Burger W, Chemnitius JM, Kneissl GD, Rucker G. Low-dose aspirin for secondary cardiovascular prevention - cardiovascular risks after its perioperative withdrawal versus bleeding risks with its continuation - review and meta-analysis. J Intern Med 2005;257:399-414.
22. Coukell AJ. Clopidogrel. Drugs 1997;54:745-50.
23. Dyke CM. Safety of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors: A heart surgeon's perspective. Am Heart J 1999;138:307-16.
24. Shlansky-Goldberg R. Platelet aggregation inhibitors for use in peripheral vascular interventions: What can we learn from the experience in the coronary arteries? J Vasc Interv Radiol 2002;13:229-46.
25. Maier C, Gleim M, Weiss T, Stachetzki U, Nicolas V, Zenz M. Severe bleeding following lumbar sympathetic blockade in two patients under medication with irreversible platelet aggregation inhibitors. Anesthesiology 2002;97:740-3.
26. Murray DW, Britton AR, Bulstrode CJ. Thromboprophylaxis and death after total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996;78:863-70.
27. Woolson ST, Robinson RK, Khan NQ, Rogers BS, Maloney WJ. Deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis for knee replacement: warfarin and pneumatic compression. Am J Orthop 1998;27:299-304.
28. Ruff RL, Dougherty JH. Complications of anticoagulation followed by anticoagulation. Stroke 1981;12:879-81.
29. Rao TL, El-Etr AA. Anticoagulation following placement of epidural and subarachnoid catheters: an evaluation of neurologic sequelae. Anesthesiology 1981;55:618-20.
30. Hirsh J, Raschke R, Warkentin TE, Dalen JE, Deykin D, Poller L. Heparin: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing considerations, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest 1995;108:258S-275S.
31. Liu S, Carpenter RL, Neal JM. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia. Their role in postoperative outcome. Anesthesiology 1995;82:1474-506.
32. Liu SS, Mulroy MF. Neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia in the presence of standard heparin. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998;23:157-63.
33. Wildsmith JA, McClure JH. Anticoagulant drugs and central nerve blockade. Anaesthesia 1991;46:613-4.
34. Cheney FW, Domino KB, Caplan RA, Posner KL. Nerve injury associated with anesthesia: a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology 1999;90:1062-9.
35. Cheney MA. Intrathecal and epidural anesthesia and analgesia for cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 1997;84:1211-21.
36. Hammer GB, Ngo K, Macario A. A retrospective examination of regional plus general anesthesia in children undergoing open heart surgery. Anesth Analg 2000;90:1020-4.
37. Peterson KL, DeCampli WM, Pike NA, Robbins RC, Reitz BA. A report of two hundred twenty cases of regional anesthesia in pediatric cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2000;90:1014-9.
38. Sanchez, R, Nygard E. Epidural anesthesia in cardiac surgery: is there an increased risk? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1998;12:170-3.
39. Vanek T, Straka Z, Brucek P, Widimsky P. Thoracic epidural anesthesia for off-pump coronary artery bypass without intubation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001;20:858-60.
40. Ho AM, Chung DC, Joynt GM. Neuraxial blockade and hematoma in cardiac surgery: Estimating the risk of a rare adverse event that has not (yet) occurred. Chest 2000;117:551-5.
41. Castellano JM, Durbin CG Jr. Epidural analgesia and cardiac surgery: worth the risk? Chest 2000;117:305-7.
42. Collins R, Scrimgeour A, Yusuf S, Peto R. Reduction in fatal pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis by perioperative administration of subcutaneous heparin. Overview of results of randomized trials in general, orthopedic, and urologic surgery. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1162-73.
43. Wille-Jorgensen P, Jorgensen LN, Rasmussen LS. Lumbar regional anaesthesia and prophylactic anticoagulant therapy. Is the combination safe? Anaesthesia 1991;46:623-7.
44. Millar FA, Mackenzie A, Hutchison G, Bannister J. Hemostasis-altering drugs and central neural block - A survey of anesthetic practice in Scotland and the United Kingdom. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1996;21:529-33.
45. Rodgers A, Sage D, Futter M, Macmahon S. Attitudes and practices of New Zealand anaesthetists with regard to epidural and subarachnoid anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 1996;24:79-86.
46. Greaves JD. Serious spinal cord injury due to haematomyelia caused by spinal anaesthesia in a patient treated with low-dose heparin. Anaesthesia 1997;52:150-4.
47. Bergqvist D, Lindblad B, Matzsch T. Low molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis and epidural/spinal anaesthesia-Is there a risk? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1992;36:605-9.
48. Bergqvist D, Lindblad B, Matzsch T. Risk of combining low molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis and epidural or spinal anesthesia. Semin Thromb Hemost 1993;19:147-51.
49. Planes A, Vochelle N, Fagola M, Feret J, Bellaud M. Prevention of deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. The effect of low-molecular-weight heparin with spinal and general anaesthesia. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991;73:418-22.
50. Llau JV, de Andres J, Gomar C, Gomez A, Hidalgo F, Sahagun J et al. [Drugs that alter hemostasis and regional anesthetic techniques: Safety guidelines. Consensus conference.] Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2001;48:270-8. Spanish.
51. Gogarten W, Van Aken H, Wulf H, Klose R, Vandermeulen E, Harenberg J. Regional anesthesia and thromboembolism prophylaxis/anticoagulation. Anaesthesiol Intensivmed 1997;12:623-8.
52. Horlocker TT, Heit JA. Low molecular weight heparin: biochemistry, pharmacology, perioperative prophylaxis regimens and guidelines for regional anesthetic management. Anesth Analg 1997;85:874-85.
53. Douketis JD, Kinnon K, Crowther MA. Anticoagulant effect at the time of epidural catheter removal in patients receiving twice-daily or once-daily low-molecular-weight heparin and continuous epidural analgesia after orthopedic surgery. Thromb Haemost 2002;88:37-40.
54. DePorto R, Ahn DH, Gianutsos JG. Paraplegia subsequent to administration of tissue plasminogen activator and intravenous heparin following myocardial infarction - A case report. J Spinal Cord Med 2000;23:150-2.
55. Lopez AG, Lara JMP, Hidalgo RH, Gonzalo EP. Spinal epidural hematoma following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Orthopedics 1999;22:987-8.
56. Chan KC, Wu DJ, Ueng KC, Lin CS, Tsai CF, Chen KS et al. Spinal epidural hematoma following tissue plasminogen activator and heparinization for acute myocardial infarction. Jpn Heart J 2002;43:417-21.
57. Connolly ES Jr, Winfree CJ, McCormick PC. Management of spinal epidural hematoma after tissue plasminogen activator: a case report. Spine 1996;21:1694-8.
58. Baron EM, Burke JA, Akhtar N, Young WF. Spinal epidural hematoma associated with tissue plasminogen activator treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 1999;48:390-6.
59. Carswell CI, Plosker GL. Bivalirudin: A review of its potential place in the management of acute coronary syndromes. Drugs 2002;62:841-70.
60. Greinacher A, Lubenow N. Recombinant hirudin in clinical practice: focus on lepirudin. Circulation 2001;103:1479-84.
61. Eriksson BI, Wille-Jorgensen P, Kalebo P, Mouret P, Rosencher N, Bosch P et al. A comparison of recombinant hirudin with a low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent thromboembolic complications after total hip replacement. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1329-35.
62. Turpie AG, Gallus AS, Hoek JA. Pentasaccharide Investigators. A synthetic pentasaccharide for the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. N Engl J Med 2001;344:619-25.
63. Landow L. A synthetic pentasaccharide for the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2001;345:291-2.
64. Hull R, Pineo G. A synthetic pentasaccharide for the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2001;345:291; author reply 292.
65. Keegan MT, Horlocker TT. Epidural catheter removal before unanticipated anticoagulation: The pharmacy fail-safe. Anesthesiology 1999;91:328.
66. Rosenberg PH, Veering BT, Urmey WF. Maximum recommended doses of local anesthetics: a multifactorial concept. Reg Anaesth Pain Med 2004;29:564-75.
67. Auroy Y, Narchi P, Messiah Aitt L, Rouvier B, Samii K. Serious complications related to regional anesthesia results of a prospective survey in France. Anesthesiology 1997;87:479-86.
68. Enneking FK, Chan V, Greger G, Hadzic A, Lang SA, Horlocker T. Lower-extremity peripheral nerve blockade: essentials of our current understanding. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2005;30:4-35.
69. Postoperative Pain Management. Good Clinical Practice. www.esraeurope.org/guidelines.html
70. Recommendations for Paediatric Anaesthesia Services In Europe. http://www.feapa.org/
71. Krane EJ, Dalens BJ, Murat I, Murrell D. The safety of epidurals placed during general anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998;23:433-8.
72. Bosenberg A, Ivani G. Regional Anesthesia: children are different. Paediatr Anaesth 1998;8:447-50.
73. Bosenberg AT, Raw R, Boezaart AP. Surface mapping of peripheral nerves in children with a nerve stimulator. Paediatr Anaesth 2002;12:398-403.
74. Marhofer P, Greher M, Kapral S. Ultrasound guidance in regional anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2005;94:7-17.
75. Marhofer P, Sitzwohl C, Greher M, Kapral S. Ultrasound guidance for infraclavicular brachial plexus anaesthesia in children. Anaesthesia 2004;59:642-6.
76. Breschan C, Jost R, Krumpholz R, Schaumberger F, Stettner H, Marhofer P et al. A prospective study comparing the analgesic efficacy of levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine in pediatric patients undergoing caudal blockade. Paediatr Anaesth 2005;15:301-6.
77. Ivani G, De Negri P, Lonnqvist PA, L'Erario M, Mossetti V, Difilippo A et al. Caudal anesthesia for minor pediatric surgery: a prospective randomized comparison of ropivacaine 0.2% vs levobupivacaine 0.2%. Paediatr Anaesth 2005;15:491-4.
78. Dalens B, Ecoffey C, Joly A, Giaufre E, Gustafsson U, Huledal G et al. Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect of ropivacaine following ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2001;11:415-20.
79. Ivani G. Ropivacaine: is it time for children. Paediatr Anaesth 2002;12:383-7.
80. Lonnqvist PA, Westrin P, Larsson BA, Olsson GL, Lybeck A, Huledal G et al. Ropivacaine pharmacokinetics after caudal block in 1-8 year old children. Br J Anaesth 2000;85:506-11.
81. Bosenberg A, Thomas J, Lopez T, Lybeck A, Huizar K, Larsson LE. The efficacy of caudal ropivacaine 1, 2 and 3 mg × l(-1) for postoperative analgesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2002;12:53-8.
82. Ivani G, De Negri P, Lonnqvist PA, Eksborg S, Mossetti V, Grossetti R et al. Comparison of three different concentrations of levobupivacaine for caudal block in children. Anesth Analg 2003;97:368-71.
83. Ivani G, DeNegri P, Conio, A, Grossetti R, Vitale P, Vercellino C et al. Comparison of racemic bupivacaine, ropivacaine, and levo-bupivacaine for pediatric caudal anesthesia: effects on postoperative analgesia and motor block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002;27:157-61.
84. De Negri P, Ivani G, Tirri T, Favullo L, Nardelli A. Comparison of epidural bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine on postoperative analgesia and motor blockade. Anesth Analg 2004;99:45-8.
85. De Negri P, Ivani G, Visconti C, De Vivo P, Lonnqvist PA. The dose-response relationship for clonidine added to a postoperative continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine in children. Anesth Analg 2001;93:71-6.
86. Koinig H, Marhofer P, Krenn CG, Klimscha W, Wildling E, Erlacher W et al. Analgesic effects of caudal and intramuscular S(+)-ketamine in children. Anesthesiology 2000;93:976-80.
87. Dadure C, Pirat P, Raux O, Troncin R, Rochette A, Ricard C et al. Perioperative continuous peripheral nerve block with disposable infusion pumps in children: a prospective descriptive study. Anesth Analg 2003;97:687-90.
88. Dadure C, Raux O, Troncin R, Rochette A, Capdevila X. Continuous infraclavicular brachial plexus block for acute pain management in children. Anesth Analg 2003;97:691-3.
89. Dadure C, Raux O, Gaudard P, Sagintaah M, Troncin R, Rochette A et al. Continuous psoas compartment blocks after major orthopedic surgery in children: a prospective computed tomographic scan and clinical studies. Anesth Analg 2004;98: 623-8.
90. Dadure C, Motais F, Ricard C, Raux O, Troncin R, Capdevila X. Continuous peripheral nerve blocks at home for treatment of recurrent complex regional pain syndrome I in children. Anesthesiology 2005;102:387-91.
91. Ivani G, Mossetti V. Continuous peripheral nerve block (CPNB). Pediatr Anesth 2005;15:87-90.
92. Giaufrè E, Dalens B, Gombert A. Epidemiology and morbidity of regional anaesthesia in children: a one-year prospective survey of the french-language society of pediatric anaesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 1996;83:904-12.
93. Ivani G, Conio A, Papurel G, Ciliberto F, Vitale P. 1000 consecutive blocks in a children's hospital; how to manage them safely. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001;26:93-4.
94. Ivani G. Caudal block: the 'no turn technique'. Pediatr Anesth 2005;15:83-4.