Evidence for the regulatory function of intergroup emotion: Emotional consequences of implemented or impeded intergroup action tendencies

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 42, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 720-728

  Maitner, Angela T ^a   Mackie, Diane M ^a   Smith, Eliot R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavior; Intergroup emotions; Intergroup relations; Regulation

Indexed keywords

EID: 33748894548     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: 10960465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2005.08.001     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Alexander M.G., Brewer M.B., and Hermann R.K. Images and affect: A functional analysis of out-group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (1999) 78-93
2. American Public Opinion on the War on Terror, 2003. Retrieved August 3, 2005 from http://www.aei.org/docLib/20030221_AMWAR_Feb21.pdf
3. Baumeister R.F., Stillwell A.M., and Heatherton T.F. Guilt: An interpersonal approach. Psychological Bulletin 115 (1994) 243-267
4. Bushman B.J. Does venting anger feed or extinguish the flame? Catharisis, rumination, distraction, anger, and aggressive responding. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 (2002) 724-731
5. Butler E.A., Egloff B., Wilhelm F.H., Smith N.C., Erickson E.A., and Gross J.J. The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion 3 (2003) 48-67
6. Doosje B., Branscombe N.R., Spears R., and Manstead A.S.R. Guilty by association: When one's group has a negative history. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75 (1998) 872-886
7. Dumont M., Yzerbyt V., Wigboldus D., and Gordijn E.H. Social categorization and fear reactions to the September 11th terrorist attacks. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29 (2003) 1509-1520
8. Fiske S.T., Cuddy A.J.C., Glick P., and Xu J. A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002) 878-902
9. Frijda N.H., Kuipers P., and ter Shure E. Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57 (1989) 212-228
10. Geen R.G., and Quanty M.B. The catharsis of aggression: An evaluation of a hypothesis. In: Berkowitz L. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 10 (1977), Academic Press, New York 1-37
11. Gross J.J. Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 224-237
12. Gross J.J. Emotion regulation: Past, present, future. Cognition and Emotion 13 (1999) 551-573
13. Gross J.J., and Levenson R.W. Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 106 (1997) 95-103
14. Harris C.R. Cardiovascular responses of embarrassment and effects of emotional suppression in a social setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (2001) 886-897
15. Keltner D., and Haidt J. Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis. Cognition and Emotion 13 (1999) 505-521
16. Langer, G. (2001), September 21. Support for Bush. Retrieved August 8, 2005, from http://abcnews.go.com/sections/politics/DailyNews/wtc_poll010921.html
17. Leary M. The sociometer, self-esteem, and the regulation of interpersonal behavior. In: Baumeister R.F., and Vohs K.D. (Eds). Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (2004), Guilford Press, New York 373-391
18. Levenson R.W. Human emotions: A functional view. In: Eckman P., and Davidson R.J. (Eds). The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (1994), Oxford University Press, New York 123-126
19. Mackie D.M., Devos T., and Smith E.R. Intergroup emotions: Explaining offensive action tendencies in an intergroup context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 (2000) 602-616
20. Mackie D.M., and Smith E.R. Intergroup emotions and the social self: Prejudice reconceptualized as differentiated reactions to outgroups. In: Forgas J.P., and Williams K.D. (Eds). The social self: Cognitive, interpersonal, and intergroup perspectives (2002), Psychology Press, Philadelphia, PA 309-326
21. Maitner, A. T., Mackie, D. M., & Smith, E. R. (in press). Antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and guilt following ingroup aggression. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations.
22. Neuberg S.L., and Cottrell C.A. Intergroup emotions: A biocultural approach. In: Mackie D.M., and Smith E.R. (Eds). From prejudice to intergroup emotions: Differentiated reactions to social groups (2002), Psychology Press, Philadelphia, PA 265-283
23. Niedenthal P.M., Tangney J.P., and Gavanski I. "If only I weren't" versus "If only I hadn't": Distinguishing shame and guilt in counterfactual thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 585-595
24. Ortony A., Clore G.L., and Collins A. The cognitive structure of emotions (1988), Cambridge University Press, New York
25. Roseman I.J., Wiest C., and Swartz T.S. Phenomenology, behaviors, and goals differentiate discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 206-221
26. Silver, L. A., Miller, D. A., Mackie, D. M., & Smith, E. R. (2001). The nature of intergroup emotions. Unpublished manuscript. University of California at Santa Barbara.
27. Skitka L.J., Bauman C.W., and Mullen E. Political tolerance and coming to psychological closure following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks: An integrative approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30 (2004) 743-756
28. Smith E.R. Social identity and social emotions: Toward new conceptualizations of prejudice. In: Mackie D.M., and Hamilton D.L. (Eds). Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception (1993), Academic Press, San Diego 297-315
29. Tangney J.P. Moral affect: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61 (1991) 598-607
30. Tooby J., and Cosmides L. The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments. Ethology and Sociobiology 11 (1990) 375-424
31. Yzerbyt V., Dumont M., Wigboldus D., and Gordijn E. I feel for us: The impact of categorization and identification on emotions and action tendencies. British Journal of Social Psychology 42 (2003) 533-549