Risky decisions and response reversal: Is there evidence of orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in psychopathic individuals?

Neuropsychologia

Volumn 40, Issue 12, 2002, Pages 2013-2022

  Mitchell, D G V ^a,b   Colledge, E ^a,b   Leonard, A ^c   Blair, R J R ^a,b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c MSC 2670 ^*  (United Kingdom)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Decision making; Gambling task; Intradimensional extradimensional shift; Response inhibition; Response modulation; Risk

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; BRAIN DYSFUNCTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; ORBITAL CORTEX; PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING; PSYCHOPATHY; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADULT; AGING; ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; GAMBLING; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ORBIT; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; RISK-TAKING;

EID: 0036385775     PISSN: 00283932     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00056-8     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Adolphs R., Tranel D., Young A.W., Calder A.J., Phelps E.A., Anderson A.K.et al. Recognition of facial emotion in nine individuals with bilateral amygdala damage. Neuropsycholgia. 37:1999;1111-1117.
2. Anderson S.W., Bechara A., Damasio H., Tranel D., Damasio A.R. Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex. Nature Neuroscience. 2:1999;1032-1037.
3. Angrilli A., Mauri A., Palomba D., Flor H., Birhaumer N., Sartori G.et al. Startle reflex and emotion modulation impairment after a right amygdala lesion. Brain. 119:1996;1991-2000.
4. Aniskiewicz A.S. Autonomic components of vicarious conditioning and psychopathy. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 35:1979;60-67.
5. Bechara A., Damasio A.R., Damasio H., Anderson S.W. Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition. 50:1994;7-15.
6. Bechara A., Damasio H., Damasio A.R., Lee G.P. Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision-making. Journal of Neuroscience. 19:1999;5473-5481.
7. Bechara A., Dolan S., Denburg N., Hindes A., Anderson S.W., Nathan P.E. Decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in alcohol and stimulant abusers. Neuropsychologia. 39:2001;376-389.
8. Bechara A., Tranel D., Damasio H. Characterization of the decision-making deficit of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions. Brain. 123:2000;2189-2202.
9. Blair R.J.R. A cognitive developmental approach to morality: investigating the psychopath. Cognition. 57:1995;1-29.
10. Blair R.J.R. Moral reasoning in the child with psychopathic tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences. 22:1997;731-739.
11. Blair R.J.R. Responsiveness to distress cues in the child with psychopathic tendencies. Personality and Individual Differences. 27:1999;135-145.
12. Blair R.J.R., Cipolotti L. Impaired social response reversal: a case of "acquired sociopathy" Brain. 123:2000;1122-1141.
13. Blair R.J.R., Coles M. Expression recognition in early adolescence. Cognitive Development. 15:2000;421-434.
14. Blair R.J.R., Colledge E., Mitchell D.G.V. Somatic markers and response reversal: is there orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in boys with psychopathic tendencies. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 29:2001;499-511.
15. Blair R.J.R., Jones L., Clark F., Smith M. The psychopathic individual: a lack of responsiveness to distress cues? Psychophysiology. 34:1997;192-198.
16. Blair RJR, Mitchell DGV, Colledge E, Leonard RA, Shine JH, Murray LK, Perrett DI. Reduced sensitivity to other's fearful expressions in psychopathic individuals, submitted for publication.
17. Blair R.J.R., Morris J.S., Frith C.D., Perrett D.I., Dolan R. Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger. Brain. 122:1999;883-893.
18. Blumer D, Benson DF. Personality changes with frontal and temporal lobe lesions. In: Benson DF, Blumer D, editors. Psychiatric aspects of neurological disease. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1975. p. 151-70.
19. Cleckley H. The mask of sanity. St Louis, MO: Mosby, 1967.
20. Cornell D.G., Warren J., Hawk G., Stafford E., Oram G., Pine D. Psychopathy in instrumental and reactive violent offenders. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 64:1996;783-790.
21. Damasio AR. Descartes' error: emotion, rationality and the human brain. New York: Putnam (Grosset Books) 1994.
22. Damasio A.R., Tranel D., Damasio H. Individuals with sociopathic behaviour caused by frontal damage fail to respond autonomically to social stimuli. Behavioural Brain Research. 41:1990;81-94.
23. Dias R., Robbins T.W., Roberts A.C. Dissociation in prefrontal cortex of affective and attentional shifts. Nature. 380:1996;69-72.
24. Baxter M.G., Parker A., Iinder C.C.C., Lzquierdo A.D., Murray E.A. Control of response selection by reinforcer value requires interaction of amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex. The journal of Neuroscience. 20:2000;4311-4319.
25. Fine C., Blair R.J.R. Mini review: the cognitive and emotional effects of amygdala damage. Neurocase. 6:2000;435-450.
26. Fisher L., Blair R.J.R. Cognitive impairment and its relationship to psychopathic tendencies in children with emotional and behavioural difficulties. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 26:1998;511-519.
27. Gallagher M., McMahan R.W., Schoenbaum G. Orbitofrontal cortex and representation of incentive value in associative learning. Journal of Neuroscience. 19:1999;6610-6614.
28. Grafman J., Schwab K., Warden D., Pridgen B.S., Brown H.R. Frontal lobe injuries, violence, and aggression: a report of the vietnam head injury study. Neurology. 46:1996;1231-1238.
29. Grant S., Contoreggi C., London E.D. Drug abusers show impaired performance in a laboratory test of decision-making. Neuropsychologia. 38:2000;1180-1187.
30. Hare R.D. Performance of psychopaths in cognitive tasks related to frontal lobe function. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 93:1984;133-140.
31. Hare RD. The Hare psychopathy checklist-revised. Toronto, Ontario: Multi-Health Systems, 1991.
32. Hare RD. Psychopathy, affect and behavior. In: Cooke DJ, Forth AE, Hare RD. editors, Psychopathy: theory, research and implications for society. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer, 1998. p. 81-105.
33. Hare R.D., Quinn M.J. Psychopathy and autonomic conditioning. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 77:1971;223-235.
34. Hare RD, Williamson SE, Harpur TJ. Psychopathy and language. In: Moffitt TE, Sarnoff AM, editors. Biological contributions to crime causation. NATO advanced science series D: behavior and social sciences. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nishoff Publishing, 1988. p. 68-92.
35. Hart S.D., Forth A.E., Hare R.D. Performance of criminal psychopaths on selected neuropsychological tests. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 99:1990;374-379.
36. Hemphill J.F., Hart S.D., Hare R.D. Psychopathy and substance use. Journal of Personality Disorders. 8:1994;169-180.
37. House T.H., Milligan W.L. Autonomic responses to modeled distress in prison psychopaths. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 34:1976;556-560.
38. Killcross S., Robbins T.W., Everitt B.J. Different types of fear-conditioned behaviour mediated by separate muclei within amygdala. Nature. 388:1997;377-380.
39. Kochanska G., Murray K., Coy K.C. Inhibitory control as a contributor to conscience in childhood: from toddler to early school age. Child Development. 68:1997;263-277.
40. LaBar K.S., LeDoux J.E., Spencer D.D., Phelps E.A. Impaired fear conditioning following unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans. Journal of Neuroscience. 15:1995;6846-6855.
41. LaPierre D., Braun C.M.J., Hodgins S. Ventral frontal deficits in psychopathy: neuropsychological test findings. Neuropsychologia. 33:1995;139-151.
42. LeDoux J. The emotional brain. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998.
43. Levenston G.K., Patrick C.J., Bradley M.M., Lang P.J. The psychopath as observer: emotion and attention in picture processing. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 109:2000;373-386.
44. Lykken D.T. A study of anxiety in the sociopathic personality. Journal of abnormal and social psychology. 55:1957;6-10.
45. Lykken DT. The antisocial personalities. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum, 1995.
46. Newman JP. Psychopathic behaviour: an information processing perspective. In: Cooke DJ, Forth AE, Hare RD, editors. Psychopathy: theory, research and implications for society. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer, 1998. p. 81-105.
47. Newman J.P., Patterson C.M., Kosson D.S. Response preservation in psychopaths. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 96:1987;145-148.
48. Newman J.P., Schmitt W.A., Voss W.D. The impact of motivationally neutral cues on psychopathic individuals: assessing the generality of the response modulation hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 106:1997;563-575.
49. O'Brien B.S., Frick P.J. Reward dominance: associations with anxiety, conduct problems, and psychopathy in children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 24:1996;223-240.
50. Owen A.M., Roberts A.C., Polkey C.E., Sahakian B.J., Robbins T.W. Extra-dimensional versus intra-dimensional set shifting performance following frontal lobe excisions, temporal lobe excisions or amygdalo-hippocampectomy in man. Neuropsychologia. 29:1991;993-1006.
51. Patrick C.J. Emotion and psychopathy: startling new insights. Psychophysiology. 31:1994;319-330.
52. Patrick C.J., Bradley M.M., Lang P.J. Emotion in the criminal psychopath: startle reflex modulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 102:1993;82-92.
53. Patterson C.M., Newman J.P. Reflectivity and learning from aversive events: toward a psychological mechanism for the syndromes of disinhibition. Psychological Review. 100:1993;716-736.
54. Phillips ML, Young AW, Scott SK, Calder AJ, Andrew C, Giampietro V et al. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B Biological Sciences) on neural responses to facial and vocal expressions of fear and disgust, vol. 265, 1998. p. 1809-17.
55. Phillips M.L., Young A.W., Senior C., Brammer M., Andrews C., Calder A.J.et al. A specified neural substrate for perceiving facial expressions of disgust. Nature. 389:1997;495-498.
56. Rahman S., Sahakian B.J., Hodges J.R., Rogers R.D., Robbins T.W. Specific cognitive deficits in mild frontal variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 122:1999;1469-1493.
57. Rogers R.D., Everitt B.J., Baldacchino A.et al. Dissociable deficits in decision making cognition of chronic amphetamine abusers, opiate abusers, patients with focal damage to prefrontal cortex and tryptophan-depleted normal volunteers: evidence for monaminergic mechanisms. Neuropsychopharmacology. 20:1999;322-339.
58. Rolls E.T. The orbitofrontal cortex and reward. Cerebral Cortex. 10:2000;284-294.
59. Rolls E.T., Hornak J., Wade D., McGrath J. Emotion-related learning in patients with social and emotional changes associated with frontal lobe damage. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 57:1994;1518-1524.
60. Schmitt W.A., Brinkley C.A., Newman J.P. Testing Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis with psychopathic individuals: risk takers or risk averse? Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 108:1999;538-543.
61. Schneider F., Gur R.E., Mozley L.H.et al. Mood effects on limbic blood flow correlate with emotional self-rating: a PET study of oxygen-15 labeled water. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 61:1995;265-283.
62. Schoenbaum G., Chiba A.A., Gallagher M. Orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala encode expected outcomes during learning. Nature Neuroscience. 1:1998;155-159.
63. Schoenbaum G., Chiba A.A., Gallagher M. Changes in functional connectivity in orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala during learning and reversal training. Journal of Neuroscience. 20:2000;5179-5189.
64. Smith S.S., Newman J.P. Alcohol and drug abuse-dependence disorders in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic criminal offenders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 99:1990;430-439.
65. Sprengelmeyer R, Young AW, Schroeder U, Grossenbacher PG, Federlein J, Buttner T, Przuntek H. In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B Biological Sciences) on knowing no fear, vol. 266, 1999. p. 2451-6.
66. Stevens D., Charman T., Blair R.J.R. Recognition of emotion in facial expressions and vocal tones in children with psychopathic tendencies. The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 162:2001;201-211.
67. Thorpe S.J., Rolls E.T., Maddison S. The orbitofrontal cortex: neuronal activity in the behaving monkey. Experimental Brain Research. 49:1983;93-115.
68. Tiihonen J, Hodgins S, Vaurio O, Laakso M, Repo E, Soininen H, Aronen HJ, Nieminen P, Savolainen L. Amygdaloid volume loss in psychopathy. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 2000. p. 2017.
69. Williamson S., Hare R.D., Wong S. Violence: criminal psychopaths and their victims. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science. 19:1987;454-462.
70. Williamson S., Harpur T.J., Hare R.D. Abnormal processing of affective words by psychopaths. Psychophysiology. 28:1991;260-273.
71. Wong S. Is hare's psychopathy checklist reliable without the interview? Psychological Reports. 62:1988;931-934.