Biotyping of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus by enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) polymorphism and spa typing analyses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 72, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 6117-6123

  Blaiotta, Giuseppe ^a   Fusco, Vincenzina ^a   Von Eiff, Christof ^b   Villani, Francesco ^a   Becker, Karsten ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC ENGINEERING; MICROBIOLOGY; STRAIN;

EGC OPERONS; PCR APPROACHES; SPA TYPING; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS;

MICROORGANISMS;

STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENTEROTOXIN;

ANALYTICAL METHOD; BACTERIUM; BIOTYPE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; GENE EXPRESSION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POLYMORPHISM;

ALLELE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BIOTYPE; DNA POLYMORPHISM; EGC GENE; ENTEROTOXIGENIC STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; GENE; GENE CLUSTER; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OPERON; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POLYPHASIC APPROACH; RELIABILITY; RESTRICTION MAPPING; SEG GENE; SEI GENE; SPA GENE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STRAIN IDENTIFICATION;

ALLELES; BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; BASE SEQUENCE; DNA, BACTERIAL; ENTEROTOXINS; FOOD MICROBIOLOGY; GENES, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MULTIGENE FAMILY; OPERON; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

EID: 33748808413     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00773-06     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Abe, J., Y. Ito, M. Onimaru, T. Kohsaka, and T. Takeda. 2000. Characterization and distribution of a new enterotoxin-related superantigen produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol. Immunol. 44:79-88.
2. Baba, T., F. Takeuchi, M. Kuroda, H. Yuzawa, K. Aoki, A. Oguchi, Y. Nagai, N. Iwama, K. Asano, T. Naimi, H. Kuroda, L. Cui, K. Yamamoto, and K. Hiramatsu. 2002. Genome and virulence determinants of high virulence community-acquired MRSA. Lancet 359:1819-1827.
3. Bayles, K. W., and J. J. Iandolo. 1989. Genetic and molecular analyses of the gene encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin D. J. Bacteriol. 171:4799-4806.
4. Becker, K., A. W. Friedrich, G. Lubritz, M. Weilert, G. Peters, and C. von Eiff. 2003. Prevalence of genes encoding pyrogenic toxin superantigens and exfoliative toxins among strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood and nasal specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:1434-1439.
5. Becker, K., A. W. Friedrich, G. Peters, and C. von Eiff. 2004. Systematic survey on the prevalence of genes coding for staphylococcal enterotoxins SE1M, SE1O, and SE1N. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 48:488-495.
6. Bergdoll, M. S. 1989. Staphylococcus aureus, p. 463-523. In M. P. Doyle (ed.), Foodborne bacterial pathogens. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y.
7. Betley, M. J., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1985. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A is encoded by phage. Science 229:185-187.
8. Blaiotta, G., D. Ercolini, C. Pennacchia, V. Fusco, A. Casaburi, O. Pepe, and F. Villani. 2004. PCR detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from meat and dairy products. Evidence for new variants of seG and seI in S. aureus AB-8802. J. Appl. Microbiol. 97:719-730.
9. Brakstad, O. G., K. Aasbakk, and J. A. Maeland, 1992. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nuc gene. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:1654-1660.
10. Couch, J. L., M. T. Soltis, and M. J. Betley. 1988. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the type E staphylococcal enterotoxin gene. J. Bacteriol. 170:2954-2960.
11. Dinges, M. M., P. M. Orwin, and P. M. Schlievert. 2000. Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 13:16-34.
12. Fitzgerald, J. R., S. R. Monday, T. J. Foster, G. A. Bohach, P. J. Hartigan, W. J. Meaney, and C. J. Smyth. 2001. Characterization of a putative pathogenicity island from bovine Staphylococcus aureus encoding multiple superantigens. J. Bacteriol. 183:63-70.
13. Harmsen, D., H. Claus, W. Witte, J. Rothganger, H. Claus, D. Turnwald, and U. Vogel. 2003. Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:5442-5448.
14. Holtfreter, S., K. Bauer, D. Thomas, C. Feig, V. Lorenz, K. Roschack, E. Friebe, K. Selleng, S. Lovenich, T. Greve, A. Greinacher, B. Panzig, S. Engelmann, G. Lina, and B. M. Broker. 2004. egc-encoded superantigens from Staphylococcus aureus are neutralized by human sera much less efficiently than are classical staphylococcal enterotoxins or toxic shock syndrome toxin. Infect. Immun. 72:4061-4071.
15. Jarraud, S., G. Cozon, F. Vandenesch, M. Bes, J. Etienne, and G. Lina. 1999. Involvement of enterotoxins G and I in staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal scarlet fever. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:2446-2449.
16. Jarraud, S., M. A. Peyrat, A. Lim, A. Tristan, M. Bes, C. Mougel, J. Etienne, F. Vandenesch, M. Bonneville, and G. Lina. 2001. egc, a highly prevalent operon of enterotoxin gene, forms a putative nursery of superantigens in Staphylococcus aureus. J. Immunol. 166:669-677. (Correction, 166:4260.)
17. Kuroda, M., T. Ohta, I. Uchiyama, T. Baba, H. Yuzawa, I. Kobayashi, L. Cui, A. Oguchi, K. Aoki, Y. Nagai, J. Lian, T. Ito, M. Kanamori, H. Matsumaru, A. Maruyama, H. Murakami, A. Hosoyama, Y. Mizutani-Ui, N. K. Takahashi, T. Sawano, R. Inoue, C. Kaito, K. Sekimizu, H. Hirakawa, S. Kuhara, S. Goto, J. Yabuzaki, M. Kanehisa, A. Yamashita, K. Oshima, K. Furuya, C. Yoshino, T. Shiba, M. Hattori, N. Ogasawara, H. Hayashi, and K. Hiramatsu. 2001. Whole genome sequencing of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 357:1225-1240.
18. Le Loir, Y., F. Baron, and M. Gautier. 2003. Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning. Genet. Mol. Res. 2:63-76.
19. Letertre, C., S. Perelle, F. Dilasser, and P. Fach. 2003. Identification of a new putative enterotoxin SEU encoded by the egc cluster of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Appl. Microbiol. 95:38-43.
20. Lina, G., G. A. Bohach, S. P. Nair, K. Hiramatsu, E. Jouvin-Marche, R. Mariuzza, and the International Nomenclature Committee for Staphylococcal Superantigens. 2004. Standard nomenclature for the superantigens expressed by Staphylococcus. J. Infect. Dis. 189:2334-2336.
21. Lindsay, J. A., A. Ruzin, H. F. Ross, N. Kurepina, and R. P. Novick. 1998. The gene for toxic shock toxin is carried by a family of mobile pathogenicity islands in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Microbiol. 29:527-543.
22. Llewelyn, M., and J. Cohen. 2002. Superantigens: microbial agents that corrupt immunity. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2:156-162.
23. Marr, J. C., J. D. Lyon, J. R. Roberson, M. Lupher, W. C. Davis, and G. A. Bohach. 1993. Characterization of novel type C staphylococcal enterotoxins: biological and evolutionary implications. Infect. Immun. 61:4254-4262.
24. McCormick, J. K., J. M. Yarwood, and P. M. Schlievert. 2001. Toxic shock syndrome and bacterial superantigens: an update. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 55:77-104.
25. McLauchlin, J., G. L. Narayanan, V. Mithani, and G. O'Neill. 2000. The detection of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction. J. Food Prot. 63:479-488.
26. Mempel, M., G. Lina, M. Hojka, C. Schnopp, H. P. Seidl, T. Schafer, J. Ring, F. Vandenesch, and D. Abeck. 2003. High prevalence of superantigens associated with the egc locus in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with atopic eczema. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 22:306-309.
27. Munson, S. H., M. T. Tremaine, M. J. Betley, and R. A. Welch. 1998. Identification and characterization of staphylococcal enterotoxin types G and I from Staphylococcus aureus. Infect. Immun. 66:3337-3348.
28. Olsen, S. J., L. C. MacKinnon, J. S. Goulding, N. H. Bean, and L. Slutsker. 2000. Surveillance for foodborne-disease outbreaks-United States, 1993-1997. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. CDC Surveill. Summ. 49:1-62.
29. Omoe, K., D. L. Hu, H. Takahashi-Omoe, A. Nakane, and K. Shinagawa. 2003. Identification and characterization of a new staphylococcal enterotoxin-related putative toxin encoded by two kinds of plasmids. Infect. Immun. 71:6088-6094.
30. Omoe, K., M. Ishikawa, Y. Shimoda, D. L. Hu, S. Ueda, and K. Shinagawa. 2002. Detection of seg, seh, and sei genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates and determination of the enterotoxin productivities of S. aureus isolates harboring seg, seh, or sei genes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:857-862.
31. Orwin, P. M., J. R. Fitzgerald, D. Y. Leung, J. A. Gutierrez, G. A. Bohach, and P. M. Schlievert. 2003. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin L. Infect. Immun. 71:2916-2919.
32. Orwin, P. M., D. Y. Leung, H. L. Donahue, R. P. Novick, and P. M. Schlievert. 2001. Biochemical and biological properties of staphylococcal enterotoxin K. Infect. Immun. 69:360-366.
33. Ren, K., J. D. Bannan, V. Pancholi, A. L. Cheung, J. C. Robbins, V. A. Fischetti, and J. B. Zabriskie. 1994. Characterization and biological properties of a new staphylococcal exotoxin. J. Exp. Med. 180:1675-1683.
34. Sergeev, N., D. Volokhov, V. Chizhikov, and A. Rasooly. 2004. Simultaneous analysis of multiple staphylococcal enterotoxin genes by an oligonucleotide microarray assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:2134-2143.
35. Shopsin, B., M. Gomez, S. O. Montgomery, D. H. Smith, M. Waddington, D. E. Dodge, D. A. Bost, M. Riehman, S. Naidich, and B. N. Kreiswirth. 1999. Evaluation of protein A gene polymorphic region DNA sequencing for typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:3556-3563.
36. Smyth, D. S., P. J. Hartigan, W. J. Meaney, J. R. Fitzgerald, C. F. Deobald, G. A. Bohach, and C. J. Smyth. 2005. Superantigen genes encoded by the egc cluster and SaPIbov are predominant among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows, goats, sheep, rabbits and poultry. J. Med. Microbiol. 54:401-411.
37. Su, Y.-C., and A. C. L. Wong. 1995. Identification and purification of a new staphylococcal enterotoxin, H. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1438-1443.
38. Su, Y.-C., and A. C. L. Wong. 1997. Current perspectives on detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins. J. Food Prot. 60:195-202.
39. Yarwood, J. M., J. K. McCormick, M. L. Paustian, P. M. Orwin, V. Kapur, and P. M. Schlievert. 2002. Characterization and expression analysis of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island 3: implications for the evolution of staphylococcal pathogenicity islands. J. Biol. Chem. 277:13138-13147.
40. Zhang, S., J. J. Iandolo, and G. C. Stewart. 1998. The enterotoxin D plasmid of Staphylococcus aureus encodes a second enterotoxin determinant (sej). FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 168:227-233.