Principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in children

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 247-262

  Gosch, Elizabeth A ^a,d   Flannery Schroeder, Ellen ^b   Mauro, Christian F ^c   Compton, Scott N ^c  

^a PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

^c DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d Department of Psychology ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Children; Cognitive behavior therapy; Theory

Indexed keywords

AFFECT; ANXIETY DISORDER; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CHILD; CHILD PSYCHIATRY; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COPING BEHAVIOR; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING; LIFE EVENT; MENTAL DISEASE; MODEL; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; REVIEW; SEPARATION ANXIETY; SKILL; SOCIAL PHOBIA; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 33748787977     PISSN: 08898391     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1891/jcop.20.3.247     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Achenbrach, T. M., Howell, C. T., McConaughy, S. H., & Stanger, C. (1995). Six-year predictors of problems in a national sample of children and youth: I. Cross-informant syndromes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 336-347.
2. Albano, A. M. (1995). Treatment of social anxiety in adolescents. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 2, 271-298.
3. Albano, A. M., Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (2003). Childhood anxiety disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (2nd ed., pp. 279-329). New York: Guilford.
4. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
5. Barlow, D. (2000). Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory. American Psychologist, 55, 1245-1263.
6. Barrett, P. M., Lowry-Webster, H., & Turner, C. (2000). FRIENDS program for children: Group leaders manual. Brisbane: Australian Academic Press.
7. Barrett, P., Rapee, R., Dadds, M., & Ryan, S. (1996). Family enhancement of cognitive style in anxious and agressive children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 187-203.
8. Barrios, B. A., & O'Dell, S. L. (1998). Fears and anxieties. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Treatment of childhood disorders (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
9. Beck, A. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
10. Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. New York: Basic Books.
11. Bedell, J. R., & Lennox, S. S. (1997). Handbook for communication and problem-solving skills training: A cognitive-behavioral approach. New York: Wiley.
12. Bogels, S. M., & Zigterman, D. (2000). Dysfunctional cognitions in children with social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(2), 205-211.
13. Bouchard, S., Gauthier, J., Laberge, B., Plamondon, J. French, D., Pelleitier, M. H., et al. (1996). Exposure versus cognitive restructuring in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 214-224.
14. Bouchard, S., Mendlowitz, S. L., Coles, M. E., & Franklin, M. (2004). Considerations in the use of exposure with children. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11, 56-65.
15. Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 3-21.
16. D'Zurilla, T. J., & Goldfried, M. R. (1971). Problem solving and behavior modification. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 78, 107-126.
17. Dadds, M. R., Spence, S. H., Holland, D. E., Barrett, P. M., & Laurens, K. R. (1997). Prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders: A controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 627-635.
18. Delprato, D. J., & McGlynn, F. D. (1984). Behavioral theories of anxiety disorders. In S. M. Turner (Ed.), Behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders (pp. 63-122). New York: Plenum.
19. DiBartolo, P. M., Albano, A. M., Barlow, D. H., & Heimberg, R. G. (1998). Cross-informant agreement in the assessment of social phobia in youth. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 213-220.
20. Ellis, A. (1962). Reasons and emotion in psychotherapy. Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart.
21. Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20-35.
22. Forsyth, J. P., & Eifert, G. H. (1998). Phobic anxiety and panic: An integrative behavioral account of their origin and treatment. In J. J. Plaud & G. H. Eifert (Eds.), From behavior theory to behavior therapy (pp. 38-67). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
23. Gillan, P., & Rachman, S. (1974). An experimental investigation of desensitization in phobic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 392-401.
24. Goldfried, M. R., & Trier, C. S. (1974). Effectiveness of relaxation as an active coping skill. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83, 348-355.
25. Jacobson, E. (1929). Progressive relaxation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
26. Kearney, C. A., & Silverman, W. K. (1993). Measuring the function of school refusal behavior: The School Refusal Assessment Scale. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 85-96.
27. Kendall, P. C. (1994). Treating anxiety disorders in children: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 100-110.
28. Kendall, P. C. (2000). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious children: Therapist manual (2nd ed.). Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing.
29. Kendall, P. C. (2001). Flexibility within fidelity. Child and Adolescent Psychology Newsletter, 16(2), 1-5.
30. Kendall, P. C., Chu, B., Gifford, A., Hayes, C., & Nauta, M. (1998). Breathing life into a manual. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 5, 177-198.
31. Kendall, P. C., Flannery-Schroeder, E., Panichelli-Mindel, S., Southam-Gerow, M., Henin, A., & Warman, M. (1997). Therapy for youth with anxiety disorders: A second randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 366-380.
32. Kendall, P. C., & Ingram, R. E. (1987). The future for cognitive assessment of anxiety: Let's get specific. In L. Michelson & L. M. Ascher (Eds.), Anxiety and stress disorders: Cognitive-behavioral assessment and treatment (pp. 89-104). New York: Guilford Press.
33. Kendall, P. C., Robin, J., Hedtke, K., Suveg, C., Flannery-Schroeder, E., & Gosch, E. (2005). Considering CBT with anxious youth? Think exposures. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 12, 136-148.
34. Koeppen, A. S. (1974). Relaxation training for children. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 9, 14-21.
35. Lang, P. J. (1977). Fear imagery: An information processing analysis. Behavior Therapy, 8, 862-886.
36. Lang, P. J., Melamed, B. G., & Hart, J. (1970). A psychophysiological analysis of fear modification using an automated desensitization procedure. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 76, 220-234.
37. Laurent, J., & Stark, K. D. (1993). Testing the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis with anxious and depressed youngsters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(2), 226-237.
38. Menzies, R. G., & Clarke, J. C. (1995). The etiology of phobias: A nonassociative account. Clinical Psychology Review, 15, 23-48.
39. Mowrer, O. H. (1960). Learning theory and behavior. New York: Wiley.
40. Nezu, A. M., & D'Zurilla, T. J. (1989). Social problem solving and negative affective conditions. In P. C. Kendall & D. Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and depression: Distinctive and overlapping features (pp. 285-315). New York: Academic Press.
41. Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., & Perri, M. G. (1989). Problem-solving therapy for depression: Theory, research, and clinical guidelines. New York: Wiley.
42. Ollendick, T. H., & Cerny, J. A. (1981). Clinical behavior therapy with children. New York: Plenum.
43. Pincus, D. (2000). I can relax! [CD for Children]. Boston: The Child Anxiety Network.
44. Rachman, S. J. (1977). The conditioning theory of fear-acquisition. A critical examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 15, 375-387.
45. Rachman, S. J. (1991). Neoconditioning and the classical theory of fear acquisition. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 115-173.
46. Rapee, R. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1993). Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and the phobias. In P. B. Suther & H. E. Adams (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum.
47. Rogers, C. (1951). Client-centered therapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
48. Short, A. L., Barrett, P. M., & Fox, T. L. (2001). Evaluating the FRIENDS program: A cognitive-behavioral group treatment for anxious children and their parents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 525-535.
49. Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. (1996). The anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
50. Silverman, W. K., Kurtines, W. M., Ginsburg, G. S., Weems, C. F., Lumpkin, P. W., & Carmichael, D. H. (1999). Treating anxiety disorders in children with group cognitive-behavior therapy: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 995-1003.
51. Skinner, B. F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. New York: Appleton.
52. Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2002). A preliminary study of the emotion understanding of youths referred for treatment of anxiety disorders. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 319-327.
53. Treadwell, K., & Kendall, P. C. (1996). Self-talk in youth with anxiety disorders: States of mind, content specificity, and treatment outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(5), 941-950.
54. Vasey, M. W., & MacLeod, C. (2001). Information-processing factors in childhood anxiety: A review and developmental perspective. In M. W. Vasey & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 253-277). New York: Oxford University Press.
55. Velting, O. N., Setzer, N. J., & Albano, A. M. (2004). Update on and advances in assessment and cognitive-behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35(1), 42-54.
56. Vittimberga, G. L., Scotti, J. R., & Weigle, K. L. (1999). Standards of practice and critical elements in an educative approach to behavioral intervention. In J. R. Scotti & L. H. Meyer (Eds.), Behavioral intervention: Principles, models, and practices (pp. 25-46). Baltimore: Brookes Pub.
57. Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14.
58. Weems, C. F., Silverman, W. K., & La Greca, A. M. (2000). What do youth referred for anxiety problems worry about? Worry and its relation to anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 63-72.
59. Wilson, G. T., & Davison, G. C. (1971). Processes of fear reduction in systematic desensitization: Animal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 1-14.
60. Wolpe, J., & Lazarus, A. A. (1966). Behavior therapy techniques. New York: Pergamon.