Iron deficiency in physically active adults

ACSM's Health and Fitness Journal

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 12-18

  Hinton, Pamela S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

Author keywords

Anemia; Iron Deficiency; Iron Overload; Iron Supplements

Indexed keywords

EID: 33748780374     PISSN: 10915397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/01.FIT.0000244892.62866.65     Document Type: Review

References (27)

1. Looker, A., P. Dallman, M. Carroll, et al. Prevalence of iron deficiency in the United States. The Journal of the American Medical Association 277:973-976, 1997.
2. Looker, A.D., M.E. Cogswell, and E.W. Gunter. Iron deficiency-United States, 1999-2000. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 51:897-899, 2002.
3. Blum, S., and A. Sherman. The effects of fitness-type exercise on iron status in adult women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43:456-463, 1986.
4. Jensen, C., and C. Weaver. Iron supplementation and iron status in exercising young women. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2:368-373, 1991.
5. Lyle, R., C. Weaver, D. Sedlock, et al. Iron status in exercising women: the effect of oral iron therapy vs increased consumption of muscle foods. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56:1049-1055, 1992.
6. Malczewska, J., G. Raczynaki, and R. Stupnicki. Iron status in female endurance athletes and in non-athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 10:260-276, 2000.
7. Malczewska, J., B. Szczepanska, R. Stupnicki, et al. The assessment of frequency of iron deficiency in athletes from the transferrin receptor-ferritin index. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 11:42-52, 2001.
8. Constantini, N.W., A. Eliakim, L. Zigel, et al. Iron status of highly active adolescents: evidence of depleted iron stores in gymnasts. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 10:62-70, 2000.
9. Dubnov, G., and N.W. Constantini. Prevalence of iron depletion and anemia in top-level basketball players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 14:30-37, 2004.
10. Sinclair, L.M., and P.S. Hinton. Prevalence of iron deficiency with and without anemia in endurance-trained males and females. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 105:975-978, 2005.
11. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 2001.
12. Hinton, P.S., C.G. Giordano, T. Brownlie, et al. Iron supplementation improves endurance after training in iron-depleted, nonanemic women. Journal of Applied Physiology 88:1103-1111, 2000.
13. Brownlie, T., V.S. Utermohlen, P.S. Hinton, et al. Tissue iron deficiency without anemia impairs adaptation in endurance capacity after aerobic training in previously untrained women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79:437-443, 2004.
14. Hinton, P.S., and L.M. Sinclair. Iron Supplementation Maintains Ventilatory Threshold and Improves Energetic Efficiency in Iron-Deficient Nonanemic Athletes. Indianapolis, IN, FINA World Sports Medicine Congress, 2004.
15. Willis, W., G. Brooks, S. Henderson, et al. Effects of iron deficiency and training on mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 62:2442-2446, 1987.
16. Davies, K., M. Donovan, C. Refino, et al. Distinguishing effects of anemia and muscles iron deficiency on exercise bioenergetics in the rat. American Journal of Physiology 246:E535-E543, 1984.
17. Finch, C., L. Miller, A. Inamandar, et al. Iron deficiency in the rat. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 58:447-453, 1976.
18. Celsing, F., E. Blomstrand, B. Werner, et al. Effects of iron deficiency on endurance and muscle enzyme activity in man. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise® 18:156-161, 1988.
19. Beard, J.L. Iron biology in immune function, muscle metabolism and neuronal functioning. The Journal of Nutrition 131(2S-2): 568S-579S, 2001.
20. Earley, C.J., J.R. Connor, and J.L. Beard. Abnormalities in CSF concentrations of ferritin and transferrin in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 54:1698-1700, 2000.
21. Beard, J.L., M.K. Hendricks, E.M. Perez, et al. Maternal iron deficiency anemia affects postpartum emotions and cognition. The Journal of Nutrition 135:267-272, 2005.
22. Corwin, E.J., L.E. Murray-Kolb, and J.L. Beard. Low hemoglobin level is a risk factor for postpartum depression. The Journal of Nutrition 133:4139-4142, 2003.
23. United States Department of Agriculture. Iron, Fe (mg) content of selected foods per common measure, sorted by nutrient content. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 18.
24. Salonen, J.T., K. Nyyssonen, H. Korpela, et al. High stored iron levels are associated with excess risk of myocardial infarction in eastern Finnish men. Circulation 86:803-811, 1992.
25. Danesh, J., and P. Appleby. Coronary heart disease and iron status: meta-analyses of prospective studies. Circulation 99:852-854, 1999.
26. Sempos, C.T., A.C. Looker, R.E. Gillum, et al. Serum ferritin and death from all causes and cardiovascular disease. The NHANES II mortality study. Annals of Epidemiology 10:441-448, 2000.
27. Williams, M.J., R. Poulton, and S. Williams. Relationship of serum ferritin with cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation in young men and women. Atherosclerosis 165:179-184, 2002.