Biochemical and immunologic features of an outbreak of Legionnaires disease: comparative study between community-acquired pneumonias

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 7-11

  Agulló Ortuño, Ma Teresa ^a   García Mancebo, Ma Lucía ^a   Montes Ares, Olga ^a   Noguera Velasco, José A ^a  

^a Hospital Universitario   (Spain)

Author keywords

AST and LDH levels; Community acquired pneumonia; Hypoalbuminemia; Hyponatremia; Immunoglobulin deficiencies; Legionnaires disease

Indexed keywords

ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; SODIUM;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOALBUMINEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN BLOOD LEVEL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEFICIENCY; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE BLOOD LEVEL; LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA; LEGIONNAIRE DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NONHUMAN; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE;

ADULT; AGED; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES; BLOOD PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDRO-LYASES; HYPOALBUMINEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS; SPAIN; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC;

EID: 33748769781     PISSN: 07328893     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.02.008     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bartlett J.G., Dowell S.F., Mandell L.A., File T.M., Musher D.M., and Fine M.J. Practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin. Infect. Dis. 31 (2000) 347-382
2. Blázquez Garrido R.M., Espinosa Parra F.J., Alemany Francés L., Ramos Guevara R.M., Sánchez-Nieto J.M., Segovia Hernández M., Serrano Martínez J.A., and Huerta F.H. Antimicrobial chemotherapy for Legionnaires disease: levofloxacin versus macrolides. Clin. Infect. Dis. 40 (2005) 800-806
3. Carratala J., Gudiol F., Pallares R., Dorca J., Verdaguer R., Ariza J., and Manresa F. Risk factors for nosocomial Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149 (1984) 625-629
4. Daley J., Jencks S., Draper D., Lenhart G., Thomas N., and Walker J. Predicting hospital-associated mortality for medical patients. JAMA 264 (1990) 1962-1968
5. Den Boer J.W., and Yzerman E.P.F. Diagnosis of Legionella infection in Legionnaires' disease. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 23 (2004) 871-878
6. Edelstein P.H. Legionnaires' disease. Clin. Infect. Dis. 16 (1993) 741-749
7. Fernández J.A., López P., Orozco D., and Merino J. Clinical Study of an outbreak of Legionnaire's disease in Alcoy, Southeastern Spain. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 21 (2002) 729-735
8. Fields B.S., Benson R.F., and Besser R.E. Legionella and Legionnaires' disease: 25 years of investigation. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15 (2002) 506-526
9. Fine M.J., Hanusa B.H., Lave J.R., Singer D.E., Stone R.A., Weissfeld L.A., Coley C.M., Marrie T.J., and Kapoor W.N. Comparison of a disease-specific and a generic severity of illness measure for patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J. Gen. Int. Med. 10 (1995) 359-368
10. Fine M.J., Auble T.E., Yealy D.M., Hanusa B.H., Weissfeld L.A., Singer D.E., Coley C.M., Marrie T.J., and Kapoor W.N. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 336 (1997) 243-250
11. Fraser D.W., Tsai T.R., Orenstein W., Parkin W.E., Beecham H.J., Sharrar R.G., Harris J., Mallison G.F., Martin S.M., McDade J.E., Shepard C.C., and Brachman P.S. Legionnaires' disease: description of an epidemic of pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 297 (1977) 1189-1197
12. Fraser D.W. The challenges were legion. Lancet Infect. Dis. 5 (2005) 237-241
13. García-Fulgueiras A., Navarro C., Fenoll D., García J., González-Diego P., Jiménez-Buñuales T., Rodríguez M., López R., Pacheco F., Ruíz J., Segovia M., Baladrón B., and Pelaz C. Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Murcia, Spain. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9 (2003) 915-921
14. Genne D., Kaiser L., Kinge T.N., and Lew D. Community-acquired pneumonia: causes of treatment failure in patients enrolled in clinical trials. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 9 (2003) 949-954
15. Gutiérrez F., Masiá M., Rodríguez J.C., Mirete C., Soldán B., Padilla S., Hernández I., De Ory F., Royo G., and Hidalgo A.M. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients at the dawn of the 21st century: a prospective study on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 11 (2005) 788-800
16. Hasley P.B., Albaum M.N., Li Y.H., Fuhrman C.R., Britton C.A., Marrie T.J., Singer D.E., Coley C.M., Kapoor W.N., and Fine M.J. Do pulmonary radiographic findings at presentation predict mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia?. Arch. Intern. Med. 156 (1996) 2206-2212
17. Joseph C. New outbreak of legionnaires' disease in the United Kingdom. Br. Med. J. 325 (2002) 347-348
18. Lieberman D., Lieberman D., Korsonsky I., Ben-Yaakov M., Lazarovich Z., Griedman M.G., Dvoskin B., Leinonen M., Ohana B., and Boldur I. A comparative study of the etiology of adult upper and lower respiratory tract infections in the community. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 42 (2002) 21-28
19. Marston B.J., Lipman H.B., and Breiman R.F. Surveillance for Legionnaires' disease: risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Arch. Intern. Med. 154 (1994) 2417-2422
20. Marston B.J., Plouffe J.F., File T.M., Hackman B.A., Salstrom S.J., Lipman H.B., Kolczak M.S., and Breiman R.F. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalizations: results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio. Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group. Arch. Intern. Med. 157 (1997) 1709-1718
21. Murdoch D.R. Diagnosis of Legionella infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 36 (2003) 64-69
22. Nielsen K., Bangsborg J.M., and Hoiby N. Susceptibility of Legionella species to five antibiotics and development of resistance by exposure to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and rifampicim. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 36 (2000) 43-48
23. O'Reilly K.M., Urban M.A., Barriero T., Betts R.F., and Trawick D.R. Persistent culture-positive Legionella infection in an immunocompromised host. Clin. Infect. Dis. 40 (2005) e87-e89
24. Ortqvist A., Hedlund J., Grillner L., Jalonen E., Kallings I., Leinonen M., and Kalin M. Aetiology, outcome and prognostic factors in community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Eur. Respir. J. 3 (1990) 1105-1113
25. Park D.R., Sherbin V.L., Goodman M.S., Pacifico A.D., Rubenfeld G.D., Polissar N.L., and Root R.K. The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia at an urban public hospital: influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and initial severity of illness. J. Infect. Dis. 184 (2001) 268-277
26. Pedro-Botet M.L., Sabria-Leal M., Sopena N., Manterola J.M., Morera J., Blavia R., Padilla E., Matas L., and Gimeno J.M. Role of immunosuppression in the evolution of Legionnaires' disease. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26 (1998) 14-19
27. Reingold A.L., Thomason B.M., Brake B.J., Thacker L., Wilkinson H.W., and Kuritsky J.N. Legionella pneumonia in the United States: the distribution of serogroups and species causing human illness. J. Infect. Dis. 149 (1984) 819
28. Ruiz M., Ewig S., Torres A., Arancibia F., Marco F., Mensa J., Sánchez M., and Martínez J.A. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Risk factors and follow-up epidemiology. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 160 (1999) 923-929
29. Sopena N., Pedro-Botet M.L., Sabria M., García-Pares D., Reynaga E., and García-Nuñez M. Comparative study of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila or Chlamydia pneumoniae. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 36 (2004) 330-334
30. Stout J.E., and Yu V.L. Legionellosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 337 (1997) 682-687
31. Tkatch L.S., Kusne S., Irish W.D., Krystofiak S., and Wing E. Epidemiology of Legionella pneumonia and factors associated with Legionella-related mortality at a tertiary care center. Clin. Infect. Dis. 27 (1998) 1479-1486
32. Wilkinson H.W., Reingold A.L., Brake B.J., McGiboney D.L., Gorman G.W., and Broome C.V. Reactivity of serum from patients with suspected legionellosis against 29 antigens of Legionellaceae and Legionella-like organisms by indirect immunofluorescence assay. J. Infect. Dis. 147 (1983) 23-31
33. Woodhead M., and Verheij T.J.M. A step forward in the everyday management of adults with community acquired pneumonia. Br. Med. J. 330 (2005) 460
34. Yu V.L., Greenberg R.N., Zadeikis N., Stout J.E., Khashab M.M., Olson W.H., and Tennenber A.M. Levofloxacin efficacy in the treatment of community-acquired legionellosis. Chest 125 (2004) 1979-1980