Zinc in skin pathology and care

Journal of Dermatological Treatment

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 205-210

  Nitzan, Yuval Bibi ^a   Cohen, Arnon D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

Acne vulgaris; Acrodermatitis enteropathica; Acute cutaneous leishmaniasis; Chronic cutaneous ulcers; Dandruff; Diaper dermatitis; Recalcitrant viral warts; Zinc; Zinc deficiency

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CLINDAMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; GLUCONATE ZINC; MEGLUMINE ANTIMONATE; MINOXIDIL; PYRITHIONE; TETRACYCLINE; ZINC; ZINC ACETATE; ZINC SULFATE;

ACNE; ACNE VULGARIS; ACRODERMATITIS ENTEROPATHICA; ALOPECIA; ALOPECIA AREATA; DANDRUFF; DERMATITIS; DIAPER DERMATITIS; DIARRHEA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG INHIBITION; HUMAN; LEISHMANIASIS; NAUSEA; PERIORAL DERMATITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSORIASIS; REVIEW; SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS; SKIN CARE; SKIN DISEASE; SKIN ULCER; VERRUCA VULGARIS; VOMITING; ZINC DEFICIENCY;

HUMANS; SKIN DISEASES; TRACE ELEMENTS; ZINC;

EID: 33748706338     PISSN: 09546634     EISSN: 14711753     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546630600791434     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Raulin J. Etudes cliniques sur la vegetation. Ann Sci Nat Bot Biol Veg. 1869;11(93).
2. Coleman J. Zinc proteins: enzymes, storage proteins, transcription factors, and replication proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1992;61:897-946.
3. Prasad A. Zinc and enzymes. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.
4. Prasad A. Zinc and gene expression. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.
5. Hernick M, Fierke C. Zinc hydrolases: the mechanisms of zinc-dependent deacetylases. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005;433:71-84.
6. Vallee B, Falchuk K. The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiol Rev. 1993;73:79-118.
7. Prasad A. Zinc deficiency. BMJ. 2003;326:409-10.
8. King J, Shames D, Woodhouse L. Zinc homeostasis in humans. J Nutr. 2000;130(5S suppl):1360S-6S.
9. Murphy E, Willis B, Watt B. Provisional tables on the zinc content of foods. J Am Diet Assoc. 1975;66:345-55.
10. Hunt J. Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 suppl): 633S-9S.
11. Krebs N. Overview of zinc absorption and excretion in the human gastrointestinal tract. J Nutr. 2000;130(5S suppl): 1374S-7S.
12. Prasad A, Halsted J, Nadimi M. Syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypogonadism, dwarfism and geophagia. Am J Med. 1961;31:532-46.
13. Prasad A. Zinc in growth and development and spectrum of human zinc deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr. 1988;7:377-84.
14. Gibson R. Zinc nutrition in developing countries. Nutr Res Rev. 1994;7:151-73.
15. Prasad A, Miale Jr A, Farid Z, Sandstead H, Schulert A. Zinc metabolism in patients with the syndrome of iron deficiency anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, dwarfism, and hypogonadism. J Lab Clin Med. 1963;61:537-49.
16. Sandstead H, Prasad A, Schulert A, et al. Human zinc deficiency, endocrine manifestations and response to treatment. Am J Clin Nutr. 1967;20:422-42.
17. Danbolt N, Closs K. Akrodermatitis enteropathica. Acta Derm Venereol. 1942;23:127-69.
18. Barnes P, Moynahan E. Zinc deficiency in acrodermatitis enteropathica: multiple dietary intolerance treated with synthetic diet. Proc R Soc Med. 1973;66:327-9.
19. Michaëlsson G. Zinc therapy in acrodermatitis enteropathica. Acta Derm Venereol. 1974;54:377-81.
20. Kury S, Dreno B, Bezieau S, et al. Identification of SLC39A4, a gene involved in acrodermatitis enteropathica. Nat Genet. 2002;31:239-40.
21. Perafan-Riveros C, Franca L, Alves A, Sanches J Jr. Acrodermatitis enteropathica: case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol. 2002;19:426-31.
22. Kay R, Tasman-Jones C, Pybus J, Whiting R, Black H. A syndrome of acute zinc deficiency during total parenteral alimentation in man. Ann Surg. 1976;183:331-40.
23. Fitzherbert J. Zinc deficiency in acne vulgaris. Med J Aust. 1977;2(20):685-6.
24. Amer M, Bahgat M, Tosson Z, Abdel Mowla M, Amer K. Serum zinc in acne vulgaris. Int J Dermatol. 1982;21:481-4.
25. Michaëlsson G, Vahlquist A, Juhlin L. Serum zinc and retinol-binding protein in acne. Br J Dermatol. 1977;96:283-6.
26. Michaëlsson G, Juhlin L, Vahlquist A. Effects of oral zinc and vitamin A in acne. Arch Dermatol. 1977;113:31-6.
27. Hillstrom L, Pettersson L, Hellbe L, Kjellin A, Leczinsky C, Nordwall C. Comparison of oral treatment with zinc sulphate and placebo in acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 1977;97:681-4.
28. Göransson K, Liden S, Odsell L. Oral zinc in acne vulgaris: a clinical and methodological study. Acta Derm Venereol. 1978;58:443-8.
29. Verma K, Saini A, Dhamija S. Oral zinc sulphate therapy in acne vulgaris: a double-blind trial. Acta Derm Venereol. 1980;60:337-40.
30. Liden S, Goransson K, Odsell L. Clinical evaluation in acne. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1980;Suppl 89:47-52.
31. Orris L, Shalita A, Sibulkin D, London S, Gans E. Oral zinc therapy of acne. Absorption and clinical effect. Arch Dermatol. 1978;114:1018-20.
32. Weimar V, Puhl S, Smith W, tenBroeke J. Zinc sulfate in acne vulgaris. Arch Dermatol. 1978;114:1776-8.
33. Cunliffe W. Unacceptable side-effects of oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 1979;101:363.
34. Dreno B, Amblard P, Agache P, Sirot S, Litoux P. Low doses of zinc gluconate for inflammatory acne. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1989;69:541-3.
35. Dreno B, Moyse D, Alirezai M, et al. Acne Research and Study Group. Multicenter randomized comparative double-blind controlled clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of zinc gluconate versus minocycline hydrochloride in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris. Dermatology. 2001;203: 135-40.
36. Meynadier J. Efficacy and safety study of two zinc gluconate regimens in the treatment of inflammatory acne. Eur J Dermatol. 2000;10:269-73.
37. Michaëlsson G, Juhlin L, Ljunghall K. A double-blind study of the effect of zinc and oxytetracycline in acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 1977;97:561-6.
38. Feucht C, Allen B, Chalker D, Smith JJ. Topical erythromycin with zinc in acne. A double-blind controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1980;3:483-91.
39. Habbema L, Koopmans B, Menke H, Doornweerd S, De Boulle K. A 4% erythromycin and zinc combination (Zineryt) versus 2% erythromycin (Eryderm) in acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind comparative study. Br J Dermatol. 1989;121:497-502.
40. Schachner L, Eaglstein W, Kittles C, Mertz P. Topical erythromycin and zinc therapy for acne. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;22(2 Pt 1):253-60.
41. Schachner L, Pestana A, Kittles C. A clinical trial comparing the safety and efficacy of a topical erythromycin-zinc formulation with a topical clindamycin formulation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;22:489-95.
42. Cochran R, Tucker S, Flannigan S. Topical zinc therapy for acne vulgaris. Int J Dermatol. 1985;24:188-90.
43. Strauss J, Stranieri A. Acne treatment with topical erythromycin and zinc: effect of Propionibacterium acnes and free fatty acid composition. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1984;11:86-9.
44. Toyoda M, Morohashi M. An overview of topical antibiotics for acne treatment. Dermatology. 1998;196:130-4.
45. Bojar R, Eady E, Jones C, Cunliffe W, Holland K. Inhibition of erythromycin-resistant propionibacteria on the skin of acne patients by topical erythromycin with and without zinc. Br J Dermatol. 1994;130:329-36.
46. Fluhr J, Bosch B, Gloor M, Hoffler U. In-vitro and in-vivo efficacy of zinc acetate against propionibacteria alone and in combination with erythromycin. Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1999;289:445-56.
47. Rebello T, Atherton D, Holden C. The effect of oral zinc administration on sebum free fatty acids in acne vulgaris. Acta Derm Venereol. 1986;66:305-10.
48. Dreno B, Trossaert M, Boiteau H, Litoux P. Zinc salts effects on granulocyte zinc concentration and chemotaxis in acne patients. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1992;72:250-2.
49. Pierard G, Pierard-Franchimont C. Effect of a topical erythromycin-zinc formulation on sebum delivery. Evaluation by combined photometric-multi-step samplings with Sebutape. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1993;18:410-13.
50. Pierard-Franchimont C, Goffin V, Visser J, Jacoby H, Pierard G. A double-blind controlled evaluation of the sebosuppressive activity of topical erythromycin-zinc complex. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;49(1-2):57-60.
51. Van Hoogdalem E, Terpstra I, Baven A. Evaluation of the effect of zinc acetate on the stratum corneum penetration kinetics of erythromycin in healthy male volunteers. Skin Pharmacol. 1996;9:104-10.
52. Lansdown A. Zinc in the healing wound. Lancet. 1996;347:706-7.
53. Baldwin S, Odio M, Haines S, O'Connor R, Englehart J, Lane A. Skin benefits from continuous topical administration of a zinc oxide/petrolatum formulation by a novel disposable diaper. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001;15(suppl 1): 5-11.
54. Arad A, Mimouni D, Ben-Amitai D, Zeharia A, Mimouni M. Efficacy of topical application of eosin compared with zinc oxide paste and corticosteroid cream for diaper dermatitis. Dermatology. 1999;199:319-22.
55. Warner R, Schwartz J, Boissy Y, Dawson TJ. Dandruff has an altered stratum corneum ultrastructure that is improved with zinc pyrithione shampoo. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45:897-903.
56. Marks R, Pearse A, Walker A. The effects of a shampoo containing zinc pyrithione on the control of dandruff. Br J Dermatol. 1985;112:415-22.
57. Rapaport M. A randomized, controlled clinical trial of four anti-dandruff shampoos. J Int Med Res. 1981;9:152-6.
58. Pierard-Franchimont C, Goffin V, Decroix J, Pierard G. A multicenter randomized trial of ketoconazole 2% and zinc pyrithione 1% shampoos in severe dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 2002;15: 434-41.
59. Imokawa G, Okamoto K. The inhibitory effect of zinc pyrithione on the epidermal proliferation of animal skins. Acta Derm Venereol. 1982;62:471-5.
60. Gibson W, Hardy W, Groom M. The effect and mode of action of zinc pyrithione on cell growth. II. In vivo studies. Food Chem Toxicol. 1985;23:103-10.
61. Gupte T, Gaikwad U, Naik S. Experimental studies (in vitro) on polyene macrolide antibiotics with special reference to hamycin against Malassezia ovale. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999;22:93-102.
62. Schmidt A, Ruhl-Horster B. In vitro susceptibility of Malassezia furfur. Arzneimittelforschung. 1996;46:442-4.
63. Berger R, Fu J, Smiles K, et al. The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149: 354-62.
64. Al-Gurairi F, Al-Waiz M, Sharquie K. Oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of recalcitrant viral warts: randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:423-31.
65. Gibbs S. Zinc sulphate for viral warts. Br J Dermatol. 2003;148:1082-3.
66. Sharquie K, Najim R, Farjou I, Al-Timimi D. Oral zinc sulphate in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2001;26:21-6.
67. Firooz A, Khatami A, Khamesipour A, et al. Intralesional injection of 2% zinc sulfate solution in the treatment of acute old world cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. J Drugs Dermatol. 2005;4:73-9.
68. Iraji F, Vali A, Asilian A, Shahtalebi M, Momeni A. Comparison of intralesionally injected zinc sulfate with meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Dermatology. 2004;209:46-9.
69. Sharquie K, Najim R, Farjou I. A comparative controlled trial of intralesionally-administered zinc sulphate, hypertonic sodium chloride and pentavalent antimony compound against acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1997;22:169-73.
70. Rowlands C, Danby F. Histopathology of psoriasis treated with zinc pyrithione. Am J Dermatopathol. 2000;22:272-6.
71. Housman T, Keil K, Mellen B, McCarty M, Fleischer A Jr, Feldman S. The use of 0.25% zinc pyrithione spray does not enhance the efficacy of clobetasol propionate 0.05% foam in the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:79-82.
72. Burrows N, Turnbull A, Punchard N, Thompson R, Jones R. A trial of oral zinc supplementation in psoriasis. Cutis. 1994;54:117-18.
73. Ead R. Oral zinc sulphate in alopacia areata - a double blind trial. Br J Dermatol. 1981;104:483-4.
74. Rushton D. Nutritional factors and hair loss. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2002;27:396-404.
75. Rojas A, Phillips T. Patients with chronic leg ulcers show diminished levels of vitamins A and E, carotenes, and zinc. Dermatol Surg. 1999;25:601-4.
76. Ackerman Z, Loewenthal E, Seidenbaum M, Rubinow A, Gorodetsky R. Skin zinc concentrations in patients with varicose ulcers. Int J Dermatol. 1990;29:360-2.
77. Brandrup F, Menne T, Agren M, Stromberg H, Holst R, Frisen M. A randomized trial of two occlusive dressings in the treatment of leg ulcers. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1990;70:231-5.
78. Stromberg H, Agren M. Topical zinc oxide treatment improves arterial and venous leg ulcers. Br J Dermatol. 1984;111:461-8.
79. Agren M, Stromberg H. Topical treatment of pressure ulcers. A randomized comparative trial of Varidase and zinc oxide. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;19:97-100.
80. Apelqvist J, Larsson J, Stenstrom A. Topical treatment of necrotic foot ulcers in diabetic patients: A comparative trial of DuoDerm and MeZinc. Br J Dermatol. 1990;123:787-92.
81. Agren M. Studies on zinc in wound healing. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1990;154:1-36.
82. Wilkinson E, Hawke C. Oral zinc for arterial and venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000; 2(CD001273).
83. Michaëlsson G, Ljunghall K, Danielson B. Zinc in epidermis and dermis in healthy subjects. Acta Derm Venereol. 1980;60:295-9.
84. Michaëlsson G, Ljunghall K. Patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, acne, psoriasis and Darier's disease have low epidermal zinc concentrations. Acta Derm Venereol. 1990;70:304-8.
85. Jain A, Mukherjee A, Chattopadhya D, Saha K. Biometals in skin and sera of leprosy patients and their correlation to trace element contents of M. leprae and histological types of the disease; a comparative study with cutaneous tuberculosis. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1995;63:249-58.
86. Soderberg T, Hallmans G, Bartholdson L. Treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars with adhesive zinc tape. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982;16:261-6.
87. Agren MS. Studies on zinc in wound healing. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1990;154:1-36.