Diurnal discrepancies in spectral solar UV radiation measurements

Applied Optics

Volumn 45, Issue 21, 2006, Pages 5346-5357

  Meinander, O ^a   Kazadzis, S ^b   Blumthaler, M ^c   Ylianttila, L ^d   Johnsen, B ^e   Lakkala, K ^a   Koskela, T ^a   Josefsson, W ^f  

^a FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

^c UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^d STUK RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY   (Finland)

^e NORWEGIAN RADIATION PROTECTION AUTHORITY   (Norway)

^f SWEDISH METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ERROR DETECTION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; RADIOMETERS; SOLAR RADIATION; SPECTROMETERS; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

AZIMUTH PLANES; DIURNAL DISCREPANCIES; NONIDEAL ANGULAR RESPONSE; SATELLITE DATA;

SPECTRUM ANALYSIS;

EID: 33748679350     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 15394522     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.45.005346     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. C. D. Thomas, A. Cameron, R. E. Green, M. Bakkenes, L. J. Beaumont, Y. C. Collingham, B. F. N. Erasmus, M. Ferreira de Siqueira, A. Grainger, L. Hannah, L. Hughes, B. Huntley, A. S. van Jaarsveld, G. F. Midgley, L. Miles, M. A. Ortega-Huerta, A. T. Peterson, O. L. Phillips, and S. E. Williams, "Extinction risk from climate change," Nature 427, 145-148 (2004).
2. N. Oreskes, "The Scientific consensus on climate change," Science 306, 1686-1687 (2004), http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/306/5702/1686.pdf.
3. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis (2001), http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/index.htm.
4. J. C. Farman, B. G. Gardiner, and J. D. Shanklin, "Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal C10x/NOx interaction," Nature 315, 207-210 (1985).
5. S. Solomon, "Stratospheric ozone depletion: a review of concepts and history," Rev. Geophys. 37, 275-316 (1999).
6. World Meteorological Organisation, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report No. 47 (World Meteorological Organisation, 2003).
7. M. van Weele, T. J. Martin, M. Blumathaler, C. Brogniez, P. N. den Outer, O. Engelsen, J. Lenoble, B. Mayer, G. Pfister, A. Ruggaber, B. Walravens, P. Weihs, B. G. Gardiner, D. Gillotay, D. Haferl, A. Kylling, G. Seckmeyer, and W. M. F. Wauben, "From model intercomparison toward benchmark UV spectra for six real atmospheric cases," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 4915-4925 (2000).
8. A. Kazantzidis, D. S. Balis, A. Bais, S. Kazadzis, E. Galani, and E. Kosmidis, "Comparison of model calculations with spectral UV measurements during the SUSPEN campaign: the effect of aerosols," J. Atmos. Sci. 58, 1529-1539 (2001).
9. A. F. Bais, B. G. Gardiner, H. Slaper, M. Blumthaler, G. Bernhard, R. McKenzie, A. R. Webb, G. Seckmeyer, B. Kjeldstad, T. Koskela, P. J. Kirsch, J. Gröbner, J. B. Kerr, S. Kazadzis, K. Leszcznski, D. Wardle, W. Josefsson, C. Brogniez, D. Gillotay, H. Reinen, P. Weihs, T. Svenoe, P. Eriksen, F. Kuik, and A. Redondas, "SUSPEN intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers," J. Geophys. Res. 106, 12 509-12 525 (2001).
10. P. Weihs and A. Webb, "Accuracy of spectral UV model calculations. Part 2: Comparison of UV calculations with measurements," J. Geophys. Res. 102, 1551-1560 (1997).
11. B. G. Gardiner, "Spectroradiometer calibration methods and techniques," in Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Modeling, Measurements and Effects, C. S. Zerefos and A. F. Bais, eds., NATO ASI Series, Series I: Global Environmental Change (Springer-Verlag, 1997), Vol. 52, pp. 119-132.
12. A. F. Bais, "Spectrometers: operational errors and uncertainties," in Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Modeling, Measurements and Effects, C. S. Zerefos and A. F. Bais, eds., NATO ASI Series, Series I: Global Environmental Change (Springer-Verlag, 1997), Vol. 52, pp. 165-174.
13. G. Bernhard and G. Seckmeyer, "Uncertainty of measurements of spectral solar UV irradiance," J. Geophys. Res. 104, 14321-14345 (1999).
14. G. Seckmeyer and G. Bernhard, "Cosine error correction of spectral UV irradiances," in Atmospheric Radiation, K. H. Stamnes, ed., Proc. SPIE 2049, 140-151 (1993).
15. J. Gröbner, M. Blumthaler, and W. Ambach, "Experimental investigation of spectral global irradiance measurement errors due to a non ideal cosine response," Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2493-2496 (1996).
16. U. Feister, R. Grewe, and K. Gericke, "A method for correction of cosine errors in measurements of spectral UV irradiance," Sol. Energy 60, 313-332 (1997).
17. A. F. Bais, S. Kazadzis, D. Balis, C. S. Zerefos, and M. Blumthaler, "Correcting global solar ultraviolet spectra recorded by a Brewer Spectroradiometer for its angular response error," Appl. Opt. 37, 6339-6344 (1998).
18. T. Landelius and W. Josefsson, "Methods for cosine correction of broadband UV data and their effect on the relation between UV irradiance and cloudiness," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 4795-4802 (2000).
19. F. Cappellani and C. Kochler, "Temperature effects correction in a Brewer MKIV spectrophotometer for solar UV measurements," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 4829-4831 (2000).
20. E. Weatherhead, D. Theisen, A. Stevermer, J. Enagonio, B. Rabinovitch, P. Disterhoft, K. Lantz, R. Meltzer, J. Sabburg, J. DeLuisi, J. Rives, and J. Shreffler, "Temperature dependence of the Brewer ultraviolet data," J. Geophys. Res. 106, 34 121-34 129 (2001).
21. H. Slaper, H. A. J. M. Reinen, M. Blumthaler, M. Huber, and F. Kuik, "Comparing ground-level spectrally resolved solar UV measurements using various instruments: a technique resolving effects of wavelength shift and slit width," Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 2721-2724 (1995).
22. O. Meinander, W. Josefsson, J. Kaurola, T. Koskela, and K. Lakkala, "Spike detection and correction in Brewer spectroradiometer ultraviolet spectra," Opt. Eng. 42, 1812-1819 (2003).
23. L.-E. Paulsson, ed., "The Nordic intercomparison of ultraviolet and total ozone instruments at Tylösand, Sweden, in 2000," SSI Reports (to be published).
24. See www.kippzonen.com.
25. See www.bentham.co.uk.
26. K. Lakkala, A. Redondas, O. Meinander, C. Torres, T. Koskela, E. Cuevas, P. Taalas, A. Dahlback, G. Deferrari, K. Edvardsen, and H. Ochoa, "Quality assurance of the solar UV network in the Antarctic," J. Geophys. Res. 110, D15101 (2005).
27. K. Leszczynski, K. Jokela, L. Ylianttila, R. Visuri, and M. Blumthaler, "Erythemally weighted radiometers in solar UV monitoring: results from the WMO/STUK intercomparison," Photochem. Photobiol. 67, 212-221 (1998).
28. International Organization for Standardization, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (International Organisation for Standardization, 1995).
29. B. Mayer and A. Kylling, "Technical note: the libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations - description and examples of use," Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 5, 1319-1381 (2005).
30. J. Gröbner, J. Schreder, S. Kazadzis, A. F. Bais, M. Blumthaler, P. Gorts, R. Tax, T. Koskela, G. Seckmeyer, and A. R. Webb, "A traveling reference spectroradiometer for routine quality assurance of spectral solar ultraviolet irradiance measurements," Appl. Opt. 44, 5321-5331 (2005).
31. See http://lap.physics.auth.gr\qasume.
32. S. Madronich, "The atmosphere and UV-B radiation at ground level," in Environmental UV Photobiology, L. O. Björn and A. R. Young, eds. (Plenum, 1993), pp. 1-39.
33. A. Bais, S. Kazadzis, K. Garane, N. Kouremeti, J. Gröbner, M. Blumthaler, G. Seckmeyer, A. R. Webb, T. Koskela, P. Görts, and J. Schreder, "Portable device for characterizing the angular response of UV spectroradiometers," Appl. Opt. 44, 7136-7143 (2005).
34. E. P. Shettle, "Models of aerosols, clouds and precipitation for atmospheric propagation studies," paper presented at Conference on Atmospheric Propagation in the UV, Visible, IR and MM-Wave Region and Related System Aspects, NATO Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, Copenhagen, 1989.
35. J. Gröbner, S. Kazadzis, J. Schreder, D. Bolsée, C. Brogniez, H. De Backer, A. G. di Sarra, U. Feister, P. Görts, D. Henriques, J. Jaroslawski, S. Simic, M. Stanec, M. Steinmetz, R. Tax, and J. M. Vilaplana, "Quality assurance of spectral ultraviolet measurements in Europe through the development of a transportable unit, report of site visits, round 2004," EUR 21398/EN (European Communities, 2004).
36. L. Ylianttila, "The calibration and characterization of solar UV radiometers," Master's thesis (Helsinki University of Technology, 1999).
37. L. Ylianttila and J. Schreder, "Temperature effects on PTFE diffusers," Opt. Mater. 32, 1811-1814 (2005).
38. G. Seckmeyer, A. Bais, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, C. R. Booth, P. Disterhoft, P. Eriksen, R. L. McKenzie, M. Miyauchi, C. Roy, K. Dehne, U. Feister, B. Mayer, P. Taalas, E. Weatherhead, and A. Webb, "Instruments to measure solar ultraviolet radiation. Part 1: Spectral instruments," Global Atmospheric Watch Report No. 125, TD No. 1066 (World Meteorological Organisation, 2001).
39. T. Koskela, "The uncertainty of the irradiance scale at the user's site," in UV News 6, P. Kärhä, ed. (the official newsletter of the Thematic Network for Ultraviolet Measurements Helsinki University of Technology, Metrology Research Institute, Finland, 2000), App. 6-7.
40. E. W. Hare, D. I. Wardle, E. J. Carty, and V. E. Fioletov, Guide to the WMO/GAW World Ultraviolet Radiation Data Center, Version 5.1 (Atmospheric Environment Service, Environment Canada, 1998).