Comparisons between hatchery and wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts: Physiology and habitat use

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Volumn 63, Issue 7, 2006, Pages 1627-1638

  Hill, Megan S ^a,b   Zydlewski, Gayle Barbin ^a,c   Gale, William L ^a  

^a ABERNATHY FISH TECHNOLOGY CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BROOD STOCK; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HABITAT USE; HATCHERY; OSMOREGULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; SALINITY TOLERANCE; SEAWATER; SMOLT; TAGGING;

ABERNATHY CREEK; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WASHINGTON [UNITED STATES];

ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; SALMONIDAE;

EID: 33748566253     PISSN: 0706652X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/F06-061     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Armstrong, J.D., Kemp, P.S., Kennedy, G.J.A., Ladle, M., and Milner, N.J. 2003. Habitat requirements of Atlantic salmon and brown trout in rivers and streams. Fish. Res. 62: 143-170.
2. Bain, M.B., and Stevenson, N.J. 1999. Aquatic habitat assessment: common methods. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Md.
3. Baltz, D.M., Vondracek, B., Brown, L.R., and Moyle, P.B. 1991. Seasonal changes in microhabitat selection by rainbow trout in a small stream. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 120: 166-176.
4. Beckman, B.R., Dickhoff, W.W., Zaugg, W.S., Sharpe, C., Hirtzel, S., Schrock, R., Larsen, D.A., Ewing, R.D., Palmisano, A., Schreck, C.B., and Mahnken, C.V.W. 1999. Growth, smoltification, and smolt to adult return of spring Chinook salmon from hatcheries in the Deschutes River, Oregon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 128: 1125-1150.
5. Beckman, B.R., Larsen, D.A., and Dickhoff, W.W. 2003. Life history plasticity in Chinook salmon: relation of size and growth rate to autumnal smoking. Aquaculture, 222: 149-165.
6. Berejikian, B.A. 1994. The effects of hatchery and wild ancestry and experience on the relative ability of steelhead trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to avoid a benthic predator. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 52: 2476-2482.
7. Bisson, P.A., Sullivan, K., and Nielsen, J.L. 1988. Channel hydraulics, habitat use and body form of juvenile coho salmon, steelhead and cutthroat trout in streams. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 117: 262-273.
8. Bradford, M.J., and Higgins, P.S. 2001. Habitat-, season-, and size-specific variation in diel activity patterns of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58: 365-374.
9. de Renzis, G., and Bornancin M. 1984. Ion transport and gill ATPases. In Fish physiology. Vol. 10B. Edited by W.S. Hoar and D.J. Randall. Academic Press, Orlando, Fla. pp. 98-104.
10. Deverill, J.I., Adams, C.E., and Bean, C.W. 1999. Prior resistance, aggression, and territory acquisition in hatchery-reared and wild brown trout. J. Fish Biol. 55: 868-875.
11. Fleming, I.A., Jonsson, B., and Gross., M.R. 1994. Phenotypic divergence of sea-ranched, farmed, and wild salmon. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51: 2808-2824.
12. Gatz, A.J., Sale, M.J., and Loar, J.M. 1987. Habitat shifts in rainbow trout: competitive influences of brown trout. Oecologia, 74: 7-19.
13. Grant, J.W., and Kramer, D.L. 1990. Territory size as a predictor of the upper limit to population density of juvenile salmonids in streams. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47: 1724-1737.
14. Grau, E.G., Specker, J., Nishioka, R.S., and Bern, H.A. 1982. Factors determining the occurrence of the surge in thyroid activity in salmon during smoltification. Aquaculture, 28: 49-57.
15. Harache, Y., Bouef, G., and Lasserre, P. 1980. Osmotic adaptation of Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum. III. Survival and growth of juvenile coho salmon transferred to sea water at various times of the year. Aquaculture, 19: 253-273.
16. Hill, M.S., Zydlewski, G.B., Zydlewski, J.D., and Gasvoda, J.M. 2006. Development and evaluation of PIT tag detection units: PITpacks. Fish. Res. 77: 102-109.
17. Huntingford, F.A., and Garcia de Leaniz, C. 1997. Social dominance, prior residence and the acquisition of profitable feeding sites in juvenile Atlantic salmon. J. Fish Biol. 51: 1009-1014.
18. Kostow, K.E. 2004. Differences in juvenile phenotypes and survival between hatchery stocks and a natural population provide evidence for modified selection due to captive breeding. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 61: 577-589.
19. Leonard, J.B.K., and McCormick, S.D. 2001. Metabolic enzyme activity during smelting in stream- and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 58: 1585-1593.
20. Marshall, W.S., and Bryson, S.E. 1998. Transport mechanisms of seawater teleosts chloride cells: an inclusive model of a multi-functional cell. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 119: 97-106.
21. Mesa, M.G. 1991. Variation in feeding, aggression, and position choice between hatchery and wild cutthroat trout in an artificial stream. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 120: 723-727.
22. +-ATPase activity. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50: 656-658.
23. +-ATPase and chloride cell function. In Fish physiology. Vol. 14. Edited by C.M. Wood and T.J. Shuttleworth. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. pp. 285-315.
24. McCormick, S.D., and Björnsson, B.Th. 1994. Physiological and hormonal differences among Atlantic parr and smolts reared in the wild, and hatchery smolts. Aquaculture, 121: 235-244.
25. McCormick, S.D., Moriyama, S., and Björnsson, B.Th. 2000. Low temperature limits photoperiod control of smoking in Atlantic salmon through endocrine mechanisms. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 278: R1352-R1361.
26. McCormick, S.D., O'Dea, M.F., Moeckel, A.M., and Björnsson, B.Th. 2003. Endocrine and physiological changes in Atlantic salmon smolts following hatchery release. Aquaculture, 222: 45-57.
27. McMichael, G.A., and Pearsons, T.N. 2001. Upstream movement of residual hatchery steelhead into areas containing bull trout and cutthroat trout. N. Am. J. Fish Manag. 21: 943-946.
28. McMichael, G.A., Pearsons, T.N., and Leider, S.A. 1999. Behavioral interactions among hatchery-reared steelhead smolts and wild Oncorhynchus mykiss in natural streams. N. Am. J. Fish. Manag. 19: 948-956.
29. Muir, W.D., Giorgi, A.E., and Coley, T.C. 1994. Behavioral and physiological changes in yearling Chinook salmon during hatchery residence and downstream migration. Aquaculture, 127: 69-82.
30. National Marine Fisheries Service. 2003. Hatchery broodstock summaries and assessments for chum, coho, chinook salmon and steelhead stocks within Evolutionary Significant Units listed under the Endangered Species Act, May 12, 2003. Salmon and Steelhead Hatchery Assessment Group (SSHAG). Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA, and Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
31. Peery, C.A., and Bjornn, T.C. 2000. Dispersal of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon parr following release into four Idaho streams. N. Am. J. Fish. Manag. 20: 19-27.
32. Rhodes, J.S., and Quinn, T.P. 1998. Factors affecting the outcome of territorial contests between hatchery and naturally reared coho salmon parr in the laboratory. J. Fish Biol. 53: 1220-1230.
33. Riley, S.C., Fuss, H.J., and LeClair, L.L. 2004. Ecological effects of hatchery-reared juvenile chinook and coho salmon on wild juvenile salmonids in two Washington streams. N. Am. J. Fish. Manag. 24: 506-517.
34. Rodgers, J.D., Ewing, R.D., and Hall, J.D. 1986. Physiological changes during seaward migration of wild juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44: 452-457.
35. Scheffe, H. 1959. The analysis of variance. Wiley and Sons, New York. pp. 331-369.
36. Simonson, T.D., Lyons, J., and Kanehl, P.D. 1994. Quantifying fish habitat in streams: transect spacing, sample size and a proposed framework. N. Am. J. Fish. Manag. 14: 607-615.
37. Spina, A.P. 2003. Habitat associations of steelhead trout near the southern extent of their range. Calif. Fish Game, 2: 81-95.
38. Swain, D.P., Riddell, B.E., and Murray, C.B. 1991. Morphological differences between hatchery and wild populations of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) environmental versus genetic. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47: 566-571.
39. Symons, P.E.K. 1969. Greater dispersal of wild compared with hatchery-reared juvenile Atlantic salmon released in streams. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 26: 1867-1876.
40. Underwood, A.J. 1992. Beyond BACI: the detection of environmental impacts on populations in the real, but variable world. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 161: 145-178.
41. Weber, E.D., and Fausch, K.D. 2003. Interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids in streams: differences in biology and evidence for competition. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 60: 1018-1036.
42. +)-ATPase development. Aquaculture, 82: 339-353.
43. Zaugg, W.S., and Mahnken, C.V.W. 1991. The importance of smolt development to successful marine ranching of Pacific salmon. In Marine Ranching: Proceedings of the 17th U.S.-Japan Meeting on Aquaculture. Edited by R.S. Svrjcek. NOAA Tech. Rep. No. NMFS 102. pp. 89-97.
44. Zaugg, W.S., and McLain, L.R. 1972. Changes in gill adenosine- triphosphatase activity associated with parr-smolt transformation in steelhead trout, coho and spring chinook salmon. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29: 167-171.
45. Zaugg, W.S., Prentice, E.F., and Waknitz, F.W. 1985. Importance of river migration to the development of seawater tolerance in Columbia River anadromous salmonids. Aquaculture, 51: 33-47.
46. Zippin, C. 1958. The removal method of population estimation. J. Wildl. Manag. 22(1): 82-90.
47. Zydlewski, G.B., Winter, C., McClanahan D., Johnson J., Zydlewski J., and Casey S. 2003. Evaluation of fish movements, migration patterns, and population abundance with streamwidth PIT tag interrogation systems. Project No. 2001-01200, Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon. BPA Rep. No. DOE/BP-00005464-1.
48. Zydlewski, G.B., Haro, A., and McCormick, S.D. 2005. Evidence for cumulative temperature as an initiating and terminating factor in downstream migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62: 68-78.