A review of techniques for measuring shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

Volumn 159, Issue 1-2, 2006, Pages 1-14

  Crampin, Stuart ^a,b,c   Gao, Yuan ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^c INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

Automatic techniques; Display techniques; Review of techniques; Shear wave splitting; Small earthquakes

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKES; SEISMIC WAVES; SEISMOGRAPHS;

POLARISATION DIAGRAMS; SEISMOGRAMS; SEMI-AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE; SHEAR-WAVE SPLITTING;

SHEAR WAVES;

DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; HYDROCARBON RESOURCE; MICROCRACK; S-WAVE; SEISMOGRAM; SEISMOMETRY; WAVE SPLITTING;

EID: 33748516802     PISSN: 00319201     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pepi.2006.06.002     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Anant S.K., and Dowla F.U. Wavelet transform methods for phase identification in three-component seismogram. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 87 (1997) 1598-1612
2. Ando M., Ishikawa Y., and Wada H. S-wave anisotropy in the upper mantle under a volcanic area in Japan. Nature 286 (1980) 43-46
3. Angerer E., Crampin S., Li X.-Y., and Davis T.L. Processing, modelling, and predicting time-lapse effects of overpressured fluid-injection in a fractured reservoir. Geophys. J. Interiors 149 (2002) 267-280
4. Aster R., Shearer P., and Berger J. Quantitative measurements of shear wave polarizations at Anza Seismic network Southern California: implications for shear wave splitting and earthquake prediction. J. Geophys. Res. 95 (1990) 12,449-12,473
5. Aster R., and Shearer P. Initial shear wave particle motions and stress constraints at the Anza Seismic Network. Geophys. J. Interiors 108 (1992) 740-748
6. Bai C., and Kennett B.L.N. Automatic phase-detection and identification by full use of a single three-component broadband seismogram. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 90 (2000) 187-198
7. Bernard, P., 1987. Du caractère complexe et agressif des source sismiques (in French). PhD Thesis, University of Paris, p. 6.
8. Bernard P., and Zollo A. Inversion of near-source S polarization for parameters of double-couple point sources. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 79 (1989) 1779-1809
9. Booth D.C., and Crampin S. Shear-wave polarizations on a curved wavefront at an isotropic free-surface. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 83 (1985) 31-45
10. Bowman J.R., and Ando M. Shear-wave splitting in the upper-mantle wedge above the Tonga subduction zone. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 88 (1987) 25-41
11. Buchbinder G.G.R. Shear-wave splitting and anisotropy in the Charlevoix Seismic Zone Quebec. Geophys. Res. Lett. 12 (1985) 425-428
12. Buchbinder G.G.R. Azimuthal variations in P-wave travel times and shear-wave splitting in the Charlevoix Seismic Zone. Tectonophysics 165 (1989) 293-302
13. Chen T.-C., Booth D.C., and Crampin S. Shear-wave polarizations near the North Anatolian Fault. Part III. Observations of temporal changes. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 91 (1987) 287-311
14. Chiaruttini C., and Salemi G. Artifical intelligence techniques in the analysis of digital seismograms. Comput. Geosci. 19 (1993) 149-156
15. Cichowicz A. An automatic S-phase picker. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 83 (1993) 180-189
16. Crampin S. Seismic wave propagation through a cracked solid: polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 53 (1978) 467-496
17. Crampin S. A review of wave motion in anisotropic and cracked elastic-media. Wave Motion 3 (1981) 343-391
18. Crampin S. Effective anisotropic elastic-constants for wave propagation through cracked solids. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 76 (1984) 135-145
19. Crampin S. Effects of point singularities on shear-wave propagation in sedimentary basins. Geophys. J. Interiors 107 (1991) 531-543
20. Crampin S. The fracture criticality of crustal rocks. Geophys. J. Interiors 118 (1994) 428-438
21. Crampin S. Calculable fluid-rock interactions. J. Geol. Soc. 156 (1999) 501-514
22. Crampin S. The New Geophysics: shear-wave splitting provides a window into the crack-critical rock mass. Leading Edge 22 (2003) 536-549
23. Crampin S. The New Geophysics: implications for hydrocarbon recovery and possible contamination of time-lapse seismics. First Break 22 (2004) 73-82
24. Crampin S., and Gao Y. Comment on "Systematic Analysis of Shear-Wave Splitting in the Aftershock Zone of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake: Shallow Crustal Anisotropy and Lack of Precursory Changes," by Yungfeng Liu, Ta-Liang Teng, and Yehuda Ben-Zion: temporal variations confirmed. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 95 (2005) 354-360
25. Crampin S., and King D.W. Evidence for anisotropy in the upper mantle beneath Eurasia from generalized higher mode surface waves. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 49 (1977) 59-85
26. Crampin S., and Peacock S. A review of shear-wave splitting in the compliant crack-critical anisotropic Earth. Wave Motion 41 (2005) 59-77
27. Crampin S., and Zatsepin S.V. Modelling the compliance of crustal rock. Part II. Response to temporal changes before earthquakes. Geophys. J. Interiors 129 (1997) 495-506
28. Crampin S., Evans R., Üçer B., Doyle M., Davis J.P., Yegorkina G.V., and Miller A. Observations of dilatancy-induced polarization anomalies and earthquake prediction. Nature 286 (1980) 874-877
29. Crampin S., Evans R., and Üçer S.B. Analysis of records of local earthquakes: the Turkish Dilatancy Projects (TDP1 and TDP2). Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 83 (1985) 1-16 see also pages 17-30, 31-45, 47-60, 61-73, and 75-92
30. Crampin S., Booth D.C., Evans R., Peacock S., and Fletcher J.B. Changes in shear wave splitting at Anza near the time of the North Palm Springs Earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. 95 (1990) 11,197-11,212
31. Crampin S., Booth D.C., Evans R., Peacock S., and Fletcher J.B. Comment on "Quantitative Measurements of Shear Wave Polarizations at the Anza Seismic Network, Southern California: Implications for Shear Wave Splitting and Earthquake Prediction" by R.C. Aster, P.M. Shearer. J. Berger. J. Geophys. Res. 96 (1991) 6403-6414
32. Crampin S., Zatsepin S.V., Slater C., and Brodov L.Y. Abnormal shear-wave polarizations as indicators of pressures and over pressures. Proceedings of the 58th Conference, EAGE, Extended Abstracts, X038. Amsterdam (1996)
33. Crampin S., Volti T., and Stefánsson R. A successfully stress-forecast earthquake. Geophys. J. Interiors 138 (1999) F1-F5
34. Crampin S., Volti T., Chastin S., Gudmundsson A., and Stefánsson R. Indication of high pore-fluid pressures in a seismically-active fault zone. Geophys. J. Interiors 151 (2002) F1-F5
35. Crampin S., Chastin S., and Gao Y. Shear-wave splitting in a critical crust. Part III. Preliminary report of multi-variable measurements in active tectonics. J. Appl. Geophys. 54 (2003) 265-277
36. Crampin S., Peacock S., Gao Y., and Chastin S. The scatter of time-delays in shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes. Geophys. J. Interiors 156 (2004) 39-44
37. Dai H., and MacBeth C. Split shear-wave analysis using an artificial neural network?. First Break 12 12 (1994) 605-613
38. Dai H., and MacBeth C. Automatic picking of seismic arrivals in local earthquake data using an artificial neural network. Geophys. J. Interiors 120 (1995) 758-774
39. Dai H., and MacBeth C. Application of back-propagation neural networks to identification of seismic arrival types. Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors 101 (1997) 177-188
40. Dai H., and MacBeth C. The application of back-propagation neural networks to automatic picking seismic arrivals from single-component recordings. J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 15,105-15,113
41. Earle P.S., and Shearer P.M. Characterization of global seismograms using an automatic-picking algorithm. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 84 (1994) 266-376
42. Evans R., Beamish D., Crampin S., and Üçer S.B. The Turkish Dilatancy Project (TDP3): multidisciplinary studies of a potential earthquake source region. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 91 (1987) 265-286
43. Fukao Y. Evidence from core-reflected shear waves for anisotropy in the Earth's mantle. Nature 309 (1984) 695-698
44. Gao Y., and Crampin S. Temporal variation of shear-wave splitting in field and laboratory in China. J. Appl. Geophys. 54 (2003) 279-287
45. Gao Y., and Crampin S. Observations of stress relaxation before earthquakes. Geophys. J. Interiors 157 (2004) 578-582
46. Gao Y., and Zheng S.H. Cross correlation function analysis of shear wave splitting: method and example of its application. J. Earthq. Pred. Res. 4 (1995) 224-237
47. Gao Y., Wang P., Zheng S., Wang M., Chen Y.-T., and Zhou H. Temporal changes in shear-wave splitting at an isolated swarm of small earthquakes in 1992 near Dongfang, Hainan Island Southern China. Geophys. J. Interiors 135 (1998) 102-112
48. Gao, Y., Hao, P., Crampin, S., 2006. SWAS: a shear-wave analysis system for semi-automatic measurement of shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes. Phys. Earth. Planet. Interiors, in press.
49. Gledhill K.R. A shear wave polarisation study in the Wellington region New Zealand. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17 (1990) 1319-1322
50. Gledhill K.R. Evidence for shallow and pervasive seismic anisotropy in the Wellington Region New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 96 (1991) 21,503-21,516
51. Gledhill K.R. Shear waves recorded on close-spaced seismographs. Part I. Shear-wave splitting results. Can. J. Explor. Geophys. 29 (1993) 285-298
52. Gledhill K.R. Shear waves recorded on close-spaced seismographs. Part II. The complex anisotropic structure of the Wellington Peninsula New Zealand. Can. J. Explor. Geophys. 29 (1993) 299-314
53. Hiramatsu Y., Honma H., Saiga A., and Furumoto M. Seismological evidence on characteristic time of crack healing in the shallow crust. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005) L09304 doi:10.1029/2005GL022657
54. Hudson J.A. Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 64 (1981) 133-150
55. Iannaccone G., and Deschamps A. Evidence of shear-wave anisotropy in the upper crust of Central Italy. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 79 (1989) 1905-1912
56. Leonard M., and Kennett B.L.N. Multi-component autoregressive techniques for the analysis of seismograms. Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors 113 (1999) 247-264
57. Liu E., and Crampin S. Effects of the internal shear wave window: comparison with anisotropy induced splitting. J. Geophys. Res. 95 (1990) 11,275-11,281
58. Liu Y., Crampin S., and Main I. Shear-wave anisotropy: spatial and temporal variations in time delays at Parkfield Central California. Geophys. J. Interiors 130 (1997) 771-785
59. Liu Y., Teng T.L., and Ben-Zion Y. Systematic analysis of shear-wave splitting in the aftershock zone of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake: shallow crustal anisotropy and lack of precursory variations. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94 (2004) 2330-2347
60. Liu Y., Teng T.-L., and Ben-Zion Y. Reply to "Comment on 'Systematic Analysis of Shear-Wave Splitting in the Aftershock Zone of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake: Shallow Crustal Anisotropy and Lack of Precursory Changes,' by Yungfeng Liu, Ta-Liang Teng, and Yehuda Ben-Zion" by Stuart Crampin and Yuan Gao. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 95 (2005) 361-366
61. Lovell J., Crampin S., Evans R., and Üçer B. Microearthquakes in the TDP swarm Turkey: clustering in time and space. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 91 (1987) 313-330
62. McCormack M.D. Neural computing in geophysics. Leading Edge 10 (1991) 11-16
63. Mueller M.C. Prediction of lateral variability in fracture intensity using multicomponent shear-wave surface seismic as a precursor to horizontal drilling in the Austin chalk. Geophys. J. Interiors 107 (1991) 409-415
64. Munson C.G., Thurber C.H., Li Y., and Okubo P.G. Crustal shear wave anisotropy in southern Hawaii: spatial and temporal analysis. J. Geophys. Res. 100 (1995) 20,367-20,377
65. Murat M.E., and Rudman J.R. Automated first arrival picking. Geophys. Prosp. 40 (1992) 587-604
66. Peacock S., Crampin S., Booth D.C., and Fletcher J.B. Shear-wave splitting in the Anza seismic gap Southern California: temporal variations as possible precursors. J. Geophys. Res. 93 (1988) 3339-3356
67. Peng Z., and Ben-Zion Y. Systematic analysis of crustal anisotropy along the Karadere Düzce branch of the North Anatolian fault. Geophys. J. Interiors 159 (2004) 253-274
68. Roberts R.G., Lindfors A., Christoffersson A., Bödvarsson R., and Rögnvaldsson S.T. Three-component data as an aid to seismic event detection and association: a case study using data from the SIL (Iceland) Network. Comput. Geosci. 19 (1993) 123-134
69. Rosolofosaon P.N.J., Rabbel W., Siegesmund S., and Vollbrecht A. Characterisation of crack distributions: fabric and analysis versus ultrasonic inversion. Geophys. J. Interiors 141 (2000) 413-424
70. Savage M.K., Shih X.R., Meyer R.P., and Aster R.C. Shear-wave anisotropy of active tectonic regions via automated S-wave particle motion. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 165 (1989) 279-292
71. Shih X.R., and Meyer R.P. Observation of shear wave splitting from natural events: South Moat of Long Valley Caldera, California June 29 to August 12. J. Geophys. Res. 95 (1982) 11,179-11,195
72. Shih X.R., Meyer R.P., and Schneider J.F. An automated, analytical method to determine shear-wave splitting. Tectonophysics 165 (1989) 271-278
73. Shih X.R., Schneider J.F., and Meyer R.P. Polarities of P and S waves, and shear wave splitting observed from the Bucaramanga Nest Columbia. J. Geophys. Res. 96 (1991) 12,069-12,082
74. Shieh C.-F. Estimation of shear-wave splitting time using orthogonal transformations. Geophysics 62 (1997) 657-661
75. Silver P.G., and Chan W.W. Implications for continental structure and evolution from seismic anisotropy. Nature 335 (1988) 34-39
76. Silver P.G., and Chan W.W. Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation. J. Geophys. Res. 96 (1991) 16,429-16,454
77. Sleeman R., and van Eck T. Robust automatic P-phase picking: an on-line implementation in the analysis of broadband seismogram recordings. Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors 113 (1999) 265-275
78. Takanami T., and Kitigawa G. A new efficient procedure for the estimation of the onset times of seismic waves. J. Phys. Earth 36 (1988) 267-298
79. Teanby N.A., Kendall J.-M., and van der Baan M. Automation of shear-wave splitting measurements using cluster analysis. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94 (2004) 453-463
80. Teanby N.A., Kendall J.-M., Jones R.H., and van der Baan M. Stress-induced temporal variations in seismic anisotropy observed in microseismic data. Geophys. J. Interiors 156 (2004) 459-466
81. Tibuleac I.M., and Herrin E.T. An automatic method for determination of Lg arrival times using wavelet transforms. Seismol. Res. Lett. 70 (1999) 577-595
82. Tong C. Characterisation of seismic phase - an automatic analyser for seismograms. J. Geophys. Res. 123 (1995) 937-947
83. Tong C., and Kennett B.L.N. Automatic seismic event recognition and later phase identification for broadband seismograms. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 86 (1996) 1896-1909
84. Vidale J.E. Complex polarization analysis of particle motion. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 76 (1986) 1393-1405
85. Volti T., and Crampin S. A 4-year study of shear-wave splitting in Iceland. Part 1. Background and preliminary analysis. In: Nieuwland D.A. (Ed). New Insights into Structural Interpretation and Modelling (2003), Geol. Soc. London 117-133 Spec. Publ. 212
86. Volti T., and Crampin S. A 4-year study of shear-wave splitting in Iceland. Part 2. Temporal changes before earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In: Nieuwland D.A. (Ed). New Insights into Structural Interpretation and Modelling (2003), Geol. Soc. London 135-149 Spec. Publ. 212
87. Withers M., Aster R., Young C., Beiriger J., Harris M., Moore S., and Trujillo J. A comparison of select trigger algorithms for automated global seismic phase and event detection. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 88 (1998) 95-106
88. Zhang H., Thurber C., and Rowe C. Automatic P-wave arrival detection and picking with multiscale wavelet analysis for single-component recordings. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 93 (2003) 1904-1912
89. Zhang Z., and Schwartz S.Y. Seismic anisotropy in the shallow crust of the Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas fault system. J. Geophys. Res. 99 (1994) 9651-9661
90. Zhu Y., Vogel A., and Hao P. Expert System for Earthquake Hazard Assessment: ESEHA. Earthquake Hazard and Risk (1996), Kluwer Academic Publishers pp. 199-209
91. Zollo A., and Bernard P. S-wave polarization inversion of the 15 October 23 1979, 23:19. Imperial Valley Aftershock: evidence for anisotropy and a simple source mechanism. Geophys. Res. Lett. 16 (1979) 1047-1050