Community use of intranasal midazolam for managing prolonged seizures

Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 131-138

  Kyrkou, Margaret ^a   Harbord, Michael ^b   Kyrkou, Nicole ^c   Kay, Debra ^d   Coulthard, Kingsley ^a  

^a Children   (Australia)

^b FLINDERS MEDICAL CENTRE   (Australia)

^c FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^d Department of Education and Children's Services ^*  (Australia)

Author keywords

Community; Intranasal midazolam; Prolonged seizure; Rectal diazepam; Status epilepticus

Indexed keywords

DIAZEPAM; MIDAZOLAM;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; COUGHING; DOSE RESPONSE; EPILEPTIC STATE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; SIDE EFFECT; SNEEZING;

ADMINISTRATION, INTRANASAL; ADMINISTRATION, RECTAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANTICONVULSANTS; ATTITUDE OF HEALTH PERSONNEL; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES; COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; CONSUMER PARTICIPATION; DIAZEPAM; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; EDUCATION OF MENTALLY RETARDED; FEMALE; GROUP HOMES; HOME NURSING; HUMANS; INFANT; INSERVICE TRAINING; MALE; MIDAZOLAM; MIDDLE AGED; PARENTS; SEIZURES; SOUTH AUSTRALIA; STATUS EPILEPTICUS;

EID: 33748478615     PISSN: 13668250     EISSN: 14699532     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13668250600847021     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Aicardi, J. (1994). Epilepsy in children (2nd ed.). New York: Raven Press.
2. Alldredge, B. K., & Lowenstein, D. H. (1999). Status epilepticus: New concepts. Current Opinion in Neurology, 12(2), 183-190.
3. Alldredge, B. K., Wall, D. B., & Ferriero, D. M. (1995). Effect of prehospital treatment on the outcome of status epilepticus in children. Paediatric Neurology, 12, 213-216.
4. Conroy, S., Morton, R., Dixon, H., Porter, A., & Choonara, I. (2000). A prospective study of intranasal midazolam for children with acute seizures. Paediatric and Perinatal Drug Therapy, 4, 52-57.
5. De Giorgio, C. N., Gott, P. S., Rabinowicz, A. L., Heck, C. N., Smith, T., & Correale, J. (1996). Neuron-specific enolase, a marker of acute neuronal injury, is increased in complex partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia, 37, 606-609.
6. Epilepsy Foundation of America Working Group on Status Epilepticus (1993). Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 735-741.
7. Fisgin, T., Gurer, Y., & Tezic, T. (2002). Effects of intranasal midazolam and rectal diazepam on acute convulsions in children: Prospective randomised study. Journal of Child Neurology, 17, 123-126.
8. Fountain, N. B. (2000). Status epilepticus: Risk factors and complications. Epilepsia, 41(Supplement 2), S23-S30.
9. Gilbert, D. L., Gartside, P. S., & Glauser, T. A. (1999). Efficacy and mortality in treatment of refractory generalised convulsive status epilepticus in children: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child Neurology, 14, 602-609.
10. Harbord, M. G., Kyrkou, N. E., Kyrkou, M. R., Kay, D., & Coulthard, K. P. (2004). Use of intranasal midazolam to treat acute seizures in paediatric community settings. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 40, 556-558.
11. Hirsch, L. J., & Claassen, J. (2002). The current state of treatment of status epilepticus. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Report, 2, 345-356.
12. Holsti, M., Sil, B. L., Firth, S. D., Joyce, S. M., Filloux, F. M., & Furnival, R. A. (2004). Prehospital intranasal versed for paediatric seizures. Pediatric Emergency Care, 2(11), 794.
13. Jeannet, P., Roulet, E., Maeder-Ingvar, M., Gehri, A. J., & Deonna, T. (1999). Home and hospital treatment of acute seizures in children with nasal midazolam. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 3, 73-77.
14. Krumholz, A., Sung, G. Y., Fisher, R. S., Barry, E., Berghey, G. K., & Grattan, L. M. (1995). Complex partial status epilepticus accompanied by serious morbidity and mortality. Neurology, 45, 1499-1504.
15. Kyrkou, M. R., Harbord, M. G., Kyrkou, N. E., Kay, D., & Coulthard, K. (2004). Intranasal midazolam for managing prolonged seizures in the community. Presentation at the 2004 ASSID Conference, Adelaide, Australia.
16. Kyrkou, M. R., Harbord, M. G., Kyrkou, N. E., Kay, D., & Coulthard, K. (2005a). Community use of intranasal midazolam for managing prolonged seizures. Presentation at the 2005 IASSID Conference, Melbourne, Australia.
17. Kyrkou, M. R., Harbord, M. G., Kyrkou, N. E., Kay, D., & Coulthard, K. (2005b). Intranasal midazolam use for managing prolonged seizures in the community (2004 ASSID Conference Abstract). Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 30(1), 60.
18. Kyrkou, M. R., Harbord, M. G., Kyrkou, N. E., Kay, D., & Coulthard, K. (2005c). Prolonged seizures in the community managed with intranasal midazolam. Presentation at the 2005 ASSID Conference, Auckland, New Zealand.
19. Lahat, E., Goldman, M., Barr, J., Bistritzer, T., & Berkovitch, M. (2000). Comparison of intranasal midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treating febrile seizures in children: Prospective randomised study. British Medical Journal, 321, 83-86.
20. Latson, L. A., Cheatham, J. P., Gumbiner, C. H., Kugler, J. D., Danford, D. A., Hofschire, P. J., & Honts, J. (1991). Midazolam nose drops for outpatient echocardiography sedation in infants. American Heart Journal, 121, 209-210.
21. Livingston, J. H. (2004). Status epilepticus. In S. J. Wallace & K. Farrell (Eds.), Epilepsy in children (pp. 290-303). London: Arnold.
22. Lowenstein, D. H., & Alldredge, B. K. (1993). Status epilepticus at an urban public hospital in the 1980s. Neurology, 43, 483-488.
23. Lowenstein, D. H., & Alldredge, B. K. (1998). Status epilepticus. New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 970-976.
24. Lowenstein, D. H., Bleck, T., & MacDonald, R. L. (1999). It's time to revise the definition of status epilepticus. Epilepsia, 40(1), 123-124.
25. Mahmoudian, T., & Zadeh, M. (2004). Comparison of intranasal midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treating acute seizures in children. Epilepsy and Behaviour, 5(2), 253-255.
26. Manno, E. M. (2003). New management strategies in the treatment of status epilepticus. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 78, 508-518.
27. McGlone, R., & Smith, M. (2001). Intranasal midazolam: An alternative in childhood seizures. Emergency Medicine Journal, 18, 234.
28. Meierkord, H., Wieshmann, U., Niehaus, L., & Lehmann, R. (1997). Structural consequences of status epilepticus demonstrated with serial magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 96, 127-132.
29. O'Regan, M. E., Brown, J. K., & Clarke, M. (1996). Nasal rather than rectal benzodiazepines in the management of acute childhood seizures? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 38, 1037-1045.
30. Rainbow, J., Browne, G. J., & Lam, L. T. (2002). Controlling seizures in the pre-hospital setting: Diazepam or midazolam? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 38, 582-586.
31. Remy, C., Jourdil, N., Villemain, D., Favel, P., & Genton, P. (1992). Intrarectal diazepam in epileptic adults. Epilepsia, 33, 353-358.
32. Scheepers, M., Scheepers, B., Clarke, M., Comish, S., & Ibitoye, M. (2000). Is intranasal midazolam an effective rescue medication in adolescents and adults with severe epilepsy? Seizure, 9(6), 417-422.
33. Scheepers, M., Scheepers, B., & Clough, P. (1998). Midazolam via the intranasal route: An effective rescue medication for severe epilepsy in adults with learning disability. Seizure, 7(6), 509-512.
34. Scott, R. C., Besag, F. M. C., & Neville, B. G. R. (1999). Buccal midazolam and rectal diazepam for treatment of prolonged seizures in childhood and adolescence: A randomised trial. Lancet, 353, 623-626.
35. Shorvon, S. D. (2001). The handbook of epilepsy treatment. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
36. Sloan, E. (2005). Management of the ED patient in status epilepticus. Foundation for Education and Research in Neurological Emergencies, 1-8.
37. Theodore, W. H., Porter, R. J., Albert, P., Kelley, K., Bromfield, E., Devinsky, O., & Sato, S. (1994). The secondarily generalised tonic-clonic seizure: A videotape analysis. Neurology, 44(8), 1403-1407.
38. Walker, M. C. (2003). Intensive care treatment of status epilepticus. Journal of Neurology, 250(4), 401-406.
39. Wilson, M. T., Macleod, S., & O'Regan, M. E. (2004). Nasal/buccal midazolam use in the community. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89, 50-51.
40. Wilton, N. C. T., Leight, J., Rosen, D. R., & Pandit, U. (1988). Preanesthetic sedation of preschool children using intranasal midazolam. Anesthesiology, 69, 972-975.