Nonlinearities in color coding: Compensating color appearance for the eye's spectral sensitivity

Journal of Vision

Volumn 6, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 996-1007

  Mizokami, Yoko ^a   Werner, John S ^b   Crognale, Michael A ^a   Webster, Michael A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Abney effect; Color appearance; Color spectra; Color vision; Nonlinearities

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COLOR VISION; EYE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LIGHT; NONLINEAR SYSTEM; NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; NORMAL HUMAN; PREDICTION; RETINA CONE; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; COLOR; COLOR PERCEPTION; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; OCULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 33748467465     PISSN: 15347362     EISSN: 15347362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/6.9.12     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Abney, W. (1910). On the changes in hue of spectrum colors by dilution with white light. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 82, 120-127.
2. Ayama, M., Nakatsue, T., & Kaiser, P. K. (1987). Constant hue loci of unique and binary hues at 10, 100, and 1000 Td. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 4, 1136-1144. [PubMed]
3. Barlow, H. B. (1982). What causes trichromacy? A theoretical analysis using comb-filtered spectra. Vision Research, 22, 635-643. [PubMed]
4. Beer, D., Wortman, J., Horwitz, G., & MacLeod, D. (2005). Compensation of white for macular filtering [Abstract]. Journal of Vision, 5(8), 282a, http://journalofvision.org/5/8/282/, doi:10.1167/5.8.282.
5. Bonnardel, V., Bellemare, H., & Mollon, J. D. (1996). Measurements of human sensitivity to comb-filtered spectra. Vision Research, 36, 2713-2720. [PubMed]
6. Brainard, D. H., Roorda, A., Yamauchi, Y., Calderone, J. B., Metha, A., Neitz, M., et al. (2000). Functional consequences of the relative numbers of L and M cones. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 17, 607-614. [PubMed]
7. Brainard, D. H. & Wandell, B. A. (1992). Asymmetric color matching: How color appearance depends on the illuminant. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics and Image Science, 9, 1443-1448. [PubMed]
8. Buck, S. L. (1997). Influence of rod signals on hue perception: Evidence from successive scotopic contrast. Vision Research, 37, 1295-1301. [PubMed]
9. Burns, S. A., Elsner, A. E., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. C. (1984). The Abney effect: Chromaticity coordinates of unique and other constant hues. Vision Research, 24, 479-489. [PubMed]
10. Cao, D., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. C. (2005). Matching rod percepts with cone stimuli. Vision Research, 45, 2119-2128. [PubMed]
11. Chichilnisky, E. J., & Wandell, B. A. (1999). Trichromatic opponent color classification. Vision Research, 39, 3444-3458. [PubMed]
12. Dartnall, H. J. (1953). The interpretation of spectral sensitivity curves. British Medical Bulletin, 9, 24-30. [PubMed]
13. Delahunt, P. B., Webster, M. A., Ma, L., & Werner, J. S. (2004). Long-term renormalization of chromatic mechanisms following cataract surgery. Visual Neuroscience, 21, 301-307. [PubMed]
14. Georgeson, M. A., & Sullivan G. D. (1975). Contrast constancy: Deblurring in human vision by spatial frequency channels. The Journal of Physiology, 252, 627-656. [PubMed] [Article]
15. Hurlbert, A. (1998). Computational models of color constancy. In V. Walsh & J. Kulikowski (Eds.), Perceptual constancy: Why things look as they do. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16. Hurvich, L. M., & Jameson, D. (1957). An opponent-process theory of color vision. Psychological Review, 64, 384-404. [PubMed]
17. Ikeda, M., & Uehira, I. (1989). Unique hue loci and implications. Color Research and Application, 6, 318-324.
18. Jordan, G., & Mollon, J. D. (1995). Rayleigh matches and unique green. Vision Research, 35, 613-620. [PubMed]
19. Kaiser, P., & Boynton, R. M. B. (1996). Human color vision. USA: Optical Society of America.
20. Knoblauch, K., & Shevell, S. K. (2001). Relating cone signals to color appearance: Failure of monotonicity in yellow/blue. Visual Neuroscience, 18, 901-906. [PubMed]
21. Kuehni, R. G. (2004). Variability in unique hue selection: A surprising phenomenon. Color Research and Application, 29, 158-162.
22. Kulp, T. D., & Fuld, K. (1995). The prediction of hue and saturation for non-spectral lights. Vision Research, 35, 2967-2983. [PubMed]
23. Kurtenbach, W., Sternheim, C. E., & Spillmann, L. (1984). Change in hue of spectral colors by dilution with white light (Abney effect). Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics and Image Science, 1, 365-372. [PubMed]
24. Larimer, J. (1974). Opponent-process additivity: I. Red-green equilibria. Vision Research, 14, 1127-1140. [PubMed]
25. Larimer, J., Krantz, D. H., & Cicerone, C. M. (1975). Opponent process additivity: II. Yellow/blue equilibria and nonlinear models. Vision Research, 15, 723-731. [PubMed]
26. MacLeod, D. I. A., & Golz, J. (2003). A computational analysis of colour constancy. In R. Mausfeld & D. Heyer (Eds.), Colour perception: Mind and the physical world (pp. 205-242). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
27. MacLeod, D. I., & Webster, M. A. (1988). Direct psychophysical estimates of the cone-pigment absorption spectra. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics and Image Science, 5, 1736-1743. [PubMed]
28. Maloney, L. T. (2003a). Commentary on MacLeod and Golz: The importance of realistic models of surface and light in the study of human color vision. In R. Mausfeld & D. Heyer (Eds.), Colour perception: Mind and the physical world (pp. 243-246). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
29. Maloney, L. T. (2003b). Surface colour perception and environmental constraints. In R. Mausfeld & D. Heyer (Eds.), Colour perception: Mind and the physical world (pp. 279-300). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
30. Miyahara, E., Pokorny, J., Smith, V. C., Baron, R., & Baron, E. (1998). Color vision in two observers with highly biased LWS/MWS cone ratios. Vision Research, 38, 601-612. [PubMed]
31. Mollon, J. D. (1982). Color vision. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 41-85. [PubMed]
32. Mollon, J. D., & Jordan, G. (1997). On the nature of unique hues. In C. Dickenson, I. Murray, & D. Carden (Eds.), John Dalton's colour vision legacy (pp. 381-392). London: Taylor and Francis.
33. Neitz, J., Carroll, J., Yamauchi, Y., Neitz, M., & Williams, D. R. (2002). Color perception is mediated by a plastic neural mechanism that is adjustable in adults. Neuron, 35, 783-792. [PubMed] [Article]
34. Neitz, J., & Neitz M. N. (1998). Molecular genetics and the biological basis of color vision. In G. K. Backhaus, R. Kliegl, & J. S. Werner (Eds.), Color vision: Perspectives from different disciplines (pp. 101-119). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
35. Nerger, J. L., Volbrecht, V. J., & Ayde, C. J. (1995). Unique hue judgments as a function of test size in the fovea and at 20-deg temporal eccentricity. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 12, 1225-1232. [PubMed]
36. Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. C. (1977). Evaluation of single-pigment shift model of anomalous trichromacy. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 67, 1196-1209. [PubMed]
37. Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. C. (1987). L/M cone ratios and the null point of the perceptual red/green opponent system. Die Farbe, 34, 53-57.
38. Schefrin, B. E., & Werner, J. S. (1990). Loci of spectral unique hues throughout the life span. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics and Image Science, 7, 305-311. [PubMed]
39. Scheibner, H., & Kremer, T. (1996). Deuteranomaly studied with four perceptual criteria. Vision Research, 36, 3157-3166. [PubMed]
40. Shklover, D. A. (1958). The equicontrast colorimetric system, National Physical Laboratory Symposium No. 8: Visual Problems of Colour Volume II (pp. 603-614). London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
41. Smith, V. C., & Pokorny, J. (1995). Chromatic-discrimination axes, CRT phosphor spectra, and individual variation in color vision. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 12, 27-35. [PubMed]
42. Snodderly, D. M., Auran, J. D., & Delori, F. C. (1984). The macular pigment: II. Spatial distribution in primate retinas. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 25, 674-685. [PubMed]
43. Stockman, A., & Sharpe, L. T. (1999). Cone spectral sensitivities and color matching. In K. R. Gegenfurtner & L. T. Sharpe (Eds.), Color Vision: From Genes to Perception. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
44. Volbrecht, V. J., Nerger, J. L., Imhoff, S. M., & Ayde, C. J. (2000). Effect of the short-wavelength-sensitive-cone mosaic and rods on the locus of unique green. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 17, 628-634. [PubMed]
45. Webster, M. A., Georgeson, M. A., & Webster, S. M. (2002). Neural adjustments to image blur. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 839-840. [PubMed] [Article]
46. Webster, M. A., & MacLeod, D. I. (1988). Factors underlying individual differences in the color matches of normal observers. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics and Image Science, 5, 1722-1735. [PubMed]
47. Webster, M. A., Miyahara, E., Malkoc, G., & Raker, V. E. (2000). Variations in normal color vision: II. Unique hues. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 17, 1545-1555. [PubMed]
48. Webster, M. A., & Mollon, J. D. (1995). Colour constancy influenced by contrast adaptation. Nature, 373, 694-698. [PubMed]
49. Webster, M. A., & Mollon, J. D. (1997). Adaptation and the color statistics of natural images. Vision Research, 37, 3283-3298. [PubMed]
50. Webster, M. A., Webster, S. M., Bharadwadj, S., Verma, R., Jaikumar, J., Madan, G., et al. (2002). Variations in normal color vision: III. Unique hues in Indian and United States observers. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 19, 1951-1962. [PubMed]
51. Werner, J. S. (1996). Visual problems of the retina during ageing: Compensation mechanisms and colour constancy across the life span. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 15, 621-645.
52. Werner, J. S., & Schefrin, B. E. (1993). Loci of achromatic points throughout the life span. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics and Image Science, 10, 1509-1516. [PubMed]
53. Westphal, H. (1909). Unmittlebare Bestimmung der Urfarben. Zeitschrift fur Sinnesphysiologie, 44, 479-486.
54. Wooten, B. R., Hammond, B. R., Jr., Land, R. I., & Snodderly, D. M. (1999). A practical method for measuring macular pigment optical density. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 40, 2481-2489. [PubMed] [Article]