Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the herbaceous layer of a central Appalachian hardwood forest

Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society

Volumn 133, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 240-254

  Gilliam, Frank S ^a   Hockenberry, Anne W ^a   Adams, Mary Beth ^b  

^a MARSHALL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Timber and Watershed Lab   (United States)

Author keywords

Eastern deciduous forest; Forest ecosystems; Forest strata; Herbaceous layer; Nitrogen deposition; Seasonal patterns

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; GROWING SEASON; HERB; NITROGEN; PLANT; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES EVENNESS; SPECIES RICHNESS; VEGETATION COVER; WATERSHED;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

TRACHEOPHYTA; VIOLA ROTUNDIFOLIA; VIOLACEAE;

EID: 33748251700     PISSN: 10955674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[240:EOANDO]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. BATTLES, J. J., A. J. SHLISKY, R. H. BARRETT, R. C. HEALD, AND B. H. ALLEN-DIAZ. 2001. The effects of forest management on plant species diversity in a Sierran conifer forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 146: 211-222.
2. BOBBINK, R., M. HORNUNG, AND J. G. M. ROELOFS. 1998. The effects of air-borne nitrogen pollutants on species diversity in natural and semi-natural European vegetation. J. Ecol. 86: 717-738.
3. BROWN, M. J. AND G. G. PARKER. 1994. Canopy light transmittance in a chronosequence of mixed-species deciduous forests. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 1694-1703.
4. CASADO, M. M., I. CASTRO, L. RAMIREZ-SANZ, M. COSTA-TENORIO, M. DE MIGUEL, AND F. D. PINEDA. 2004. Herbaceous plant richness and vegetation cover in Mediterranean grasslands and shrubs. Plant Ecol. 170: 83-91.
5. CHRISTENSEN, N. L. AND F. S. GILLIAM. 2003. Temporal and spatial patterns of herbaceous layer communities on the North Carolina Piedmont, p. 224-237. In F. S. Gilliam and M. R. Roberts [eds.], The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
6. CULLEY, T. M. 2002. Reproductive biology and delayed selfing in Viola pubescens (Violoceae), an understory herb with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. Int. J. Plant Sci. 163: 113-122.
7. CURTIS, W. F. AND D. T. KINCAID. 1984. Leaf conductance responses of Viola species from sun and shade habitats. Can. J. Bot. 62: 1268-1272.
8. DAVISON, S. E. AND R. T. T. FORMAN. 1970. Herb and shrub dynamics in a mature oak forest: a thirty-year study. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 109: 64-73.
9. FORD, W. M., R. H. ODOM, P. E. HALE, AND B. R. CHAPMAN. 2000. Stand-age, stand characteristics, and landform effects on understory herbaceous communities in southern Appalachian cove-hardwoods. Biol. Conserv. 93: 237-246.
10. FREDERICKSEN, T. S., B. D. ROSS, W. HOFFMAN, M. L. MORRISON, J. BEYEA, B. N. JOHNSON, M. B. LESTER, AND E. ROSS. 1999. Short-term understory plant community responses to timber-harvesting intensity on non-industrial forestlands in Pennsylvania. For. Ecol. Manage. 116: 129-139.
11. GAISER, R. N. 1951. Random sampling within circular plots by means of polar coordinates. J. For. 49: 916-917.
12. GAUCH, H. G. 1982. Multivariate analysis in community ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
13. GEORGE, L. O. AND F. A. BAZZAZ. 2003. The herbaceous layer as a filter determining spatial pattern in forest tree regeneration, p. 265-282. In F. S. Gilliam and M. R. Roberts [eds.], The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
14. GILLIAM, F. S. 2002. Effects of harvesting on herbaceous layer diversity of a central Appalachian hardwood forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 33-43.
15. GILLIAM, F. S. AND N. L. CHRISTENSEN. 1986. Herb-layer response to burning in pine flatwoods of the lower Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 113: 42-45.
16. GILLIAM, F. S. AND M. R. ROBERTS. 1995. Impacts of forest management on plant diversity. Ecol. Appl. 5: 911-912.
17. GILLIAM, F. S. AND M. R. ROBERTS. 2003. Introduction: conceptual framework for studies of the herbaceous layer, p. 3-11. In F. S. Gilliam and M. R. Roberts [eds.], The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
18. GILLIAM, F. S. AND N. L. TURRILL. 1993. Herbaceous layer cover and biomass in a young versus a mature stand of a central Appalachian hardwood forest. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 120: 445-450.
19. GILLIAM, F. S., B. M. YURISH, AND M. B. ADAMS. 2001. Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen transformations in nitrogen-saturated soils of a Central Appalachian hardwood forest. Can. J. For. Res. 31: 1768-1785.
20. GILLIAM, F. S., M. B. ADAMS, D. A. DICK, AND M. L. KERR. 2004. Effects of silvicultural practices on soil carbon and nitrogen in a nitrogen saturated Central Appalachian hardwood forest ecosystem. Environ. Manage. 33: S108-S119.
21. GILLIAM, F. S., N. L. TURRILL, S. D. AULICK, D. K. EVANS, AND M. B. ADAMS. 1994. Herbaceous layer and soil response to experimental acidification in a central Appalachian hardwood forest. J. Env. Qual. 23: 835-844.
22. nd ed. New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY.
23. GOEBEL, P. C., D. M. HIX, AND A. M. OLIVERO. 1999. Seasonal ground-flora patterns and site factor relationships of second-growth and old-growth south-facing forest ecosystems, southeastern Ohio, USA. Nat. Areas J. 19: 12-19.
24. GOLDBLUM, D. 1997. The effects of treefall gaps on understory vegetation in New York, USA. J. Veg. Sci. 8: 125-132.
25. GRIFFITH, C. JR. 1998. The response of Viola blanda Willd. (Violaceae) to phosphorus fertilization and shading. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 125: 194-198.
26. HALPERN, C. B. AND T. A. SPIES. 1995. Plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific Northwest. Ecol. Appl. 5: 913-934.
27. HUBERTY, L. E., K. L. GROSS, AND C. J. MILLER. 1998. Effects of nitrogen addition on successional dynamics and species diversity in Michigan old-fields. J. Ecol. 86: 794-803.
28. HURD, T. M., A. R. BRACH, AND D. J. RAYNAL. 1998. Response of understory vegetation of Adirondack forests to nitrogen additions. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 799-807.
29. HURLBERT, S. H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol. Monogr. 54: 187-211.
30. KOCHENDERFER, J. N. AND G. W. WENDEL. 1983. Plant succession and hydrologic recovery on a deforested and herbicided watershed. For. Sci. 29: 545-558.
31. MCCARTHY, B. C. 2003. The herbaceous layer of eastern old-growth deciduous forests, p. 163-176. In F.S. Gilliam and M.R. Roberts [eds.], The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
32. MCEVOY, T. J., T. L. SHARIK, AND D. W. SMITH. 1980. Vegetative structure of an Appalachian oak forest in southwestern Virginia. Amer. Midl. Nat. 103: 96-105.
33. MULLER, R. N. 2003. Nutrient relations of the herbaceous layer in deciduous forest ecosystems, p. 15-37. In F.S. Gilliam and M.R. Roberts [eds.], The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
34. NEUFELD, H. S. AND D. R. YOUNG. 2003. Ecophysiology of the herbaceous layer in temperate deciduous forests, p. 38-90. In F.S. Gilliam and M.R. Roberts [eds.], The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
35. OLIVERO, A. M. AND D. M. HIX. 1998. Influence of aspect and stand age on ground flora of southeastern Ohio forest ecosystems. Plant Ecol. 139: 177-187.
36. PETERJOHN, W. T., M. B. ADAMS, AND F. S. GILLIAM. 1996. Symptoms of nitrogen saturation in two central Appalachian hardwood forests. Biogeochem. 35: 507-522.
37. PIELOU, E. C. 1966. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. J. Theor. Biol. 13: 131-144.
38. PREGITZER, K. S. AND B. V. BARNES. 1982. The use of ground flora to indicate edaphic factors in upland ecosystems of the McCormick Experimental Forest, Upper Michigan. Can. J. For. Res. 12: 661-672.
39. RAINEY, S. M., K. J. NADELHOFFER, W. L. SILVER, AND M. R. DOWNS. 1999. Effects of chronic nitrogen additions on understory species in a red pine plantation. Ecol. Appl. 9: 949-957.
40. RAMOVS, B. V. AND M. R. ROBERTS. 2003. Understory vegetation and environment responses to tillage, forest harvesting, and conifer plantation development. Ecol. Appl. 13: 1682-1700.
41. RANKIN, W. T. AND E. J. TRAMER. 2002. Understory succession and the gap regeneration cycle in a Tsuga canadensis forest. Can. J. For. Res. 32: 16-23.
42. READER, R. J. AND B. D. BRICKER. 1992. Response of five deciduous forest herbs to partial canopy removal and patch size. Am. Midl. Nat. 127: 149-157.
43. REINERS, W. A. 1992. Twenty years of ecosystem reorganization following experimental deforestation and regrowth suppression. Ecol. Monogr. 62: 503-523.
44. RICHARDSON, H. L. 1938. The nitrogen cycle in grassland soils: with especial reference to the Rothamsted Park Grass Experiment. J. Agric. Sci. 28: 73-121.
45. ROBERTS, M. R. 2004. Response of the herbaceous layer to disturbance in North American forests. Can. J. Bot. 82: 1273-1283.
46. ROBERTS, M. R. AND H. DONG. 1993. Effects of soil organic layer removal on regeneration after clear-cutting a northern hardwood stand in New Brunswick. Can. J. For. Res. 23: 2093-2100.
47. ROBERTS, M. R. AND F. S. GILLIAM. 2003. Response of the herbaceous layer to disturbance in eastern forests, p. 302-320. In F.S. Gilliam and M.R. Roberts [eds.], The Herbaceous Layer in Forests of Eastern North America, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
48. ROBERTS, M. R. AND L. ZHU. 2002. Early response of the herbaceous layer to harvesting in a mixed coniferous-deciduous forest in New Brunswick, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 155: 17-31.
49. RUBEN, J. A., D. T. BOLGER, D. R. PEART, AND M. P. AYRES. 1999. Understory herb assemblages 25 and 60 years after clearcutting of a northern hardwood forest, USA. Biol. Conserv. 90: 203-215.
50. SCHUMANN, M. E., A. S. WHITE, AND J. W. WITHAM. 2003. The effects of harvest-created gaps on plant species diversity, composition, and abundance in a Maine oak-pine forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 176: 543-561.
51. SICCAMA, T. G., F. H. BORMANN, AND G. E. LIKENS. 1970. The Hubbard Brook ecosystem study: productivity, nutrients and phytosociology of the herbaceous layer. Ecol. Monogr. 40: 389-402.
52. SMALL, C. J. AND B. C. MCCARTHY. 2002. The influence of spatial and temporal variability on understory diversity in an eastern deciduous forest. Plant Ecol. 164: 37-48.
53. STIRLING, G. AND B. WILSEY. 2001. Empirical relationships between species richness, evenness, and proportional diversity. Amer. Nat. 158: 286-299.
54. STRENGBOM, J., A. NORDIN, T. NÄSHOLM, AND L. ERICSON. 2001. Slow recovery of boreal forest ecosystem following decreased nitrogen input. Func. Ecol. 15: 451-457.
55. STRENGBOM, J., M. WALHEIM, T. NÄSHOLM, AND L. ERICSON. 2003. Regional differences in occurrences of understorey forest species reflect differences in N deposition. Ambio 32: 91-97.
56. THOMAS, S. C., C. B. HALPERN, D. A. FALK, D. A. LIGUORI, AND K. A. AUSTIN. 1999. Plant diversity in managed forests: understory responses to thinning and fertilization. Ecol. Appl. 9: 864-879.
57. TILMAN, D. 1987. Secondary succession and the patterns of plant dominance along experimental nitrogen gradients. Ecol. Monogr. 57: 189-214.
58. TILMAN, D. 1989. Ecological experimentation: strengths and conceptual problems, p. 136-157. In G.E. Likens [ed.], Long-Term Studies in Ecology: Approaches and Alternatives, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
59. rd ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 662 p.