Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in childhood: Report of four new cases and review of the literature

European Journal of Pediatrics

Volumn 165, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 709-716

  Fluss, Joel ^a,b   Geary, Denis ^a   DeVeber, Gabrielle ^a  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^b BICÊTRE HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

Anticoagulation; Antithrombin; Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis; Child; Inherited thrombophilia; Nephrotic syndrome

Indexed keywords

ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTITHROMBIN; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR; BLOOD CLOTTING INHIBITOR; DIPYRIDAMOLE; DIURETIC AGENT; FRESH FROZEN PLASMA; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; PREDNISONE; PROTEIN C; PROTEIN S;

ADOLESCENT; ANTICOAGULATION; BLEEDING; CEREBRAL SINOVENOUS THROMBOSIS; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; DATA BASE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOALBUMINEMIA; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; MALE; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; NEUROIMAGING; OCCLUSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; ONSET AGE; PARENCHYMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RECURRENT DISEASE; REGISTER; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEIZURE; SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS; THROMBOPHILIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTICOAGULANTS; BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS; CHILD; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; RISK FACTORS; SINUS THROMBOSIS, INTRACRANIAL;

EID: 33748139828     PISSN: 03406199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-006-0147-7     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Akatsu H, Vaysburd M, Fervenza F, Peterson J, Jacobs M (1997) Cerebral venous thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome. Clin Nephrol 48:317-320
2. Andrew M, Brooker LA (1996) Hemostatic complications in renal disorders of the young. Pediatr Nephrol 10:88-99
3. Barthelemy M, Bousser MG, Jacobs C (1980) Cerebral venous thrombosis, complication of the nephrotic syndrome. Presse Med 9:367-369
4. Bonduel M, Sciuccati G, Hepner M, Pieroni G, Torres AF, Mardaraz C, Frontroth JP (2003) Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutation in children with cerebral thromboembolism. Am J Hematol 73:81-86
5. Carvalho KS, Bodensteiner JB, Connolly PJ, Garg BP (2001) Cerebral venous thrombosis in children. J Child Neurol 16:574-580
6. Casteels K, Demaerel P, Proesmans W (1995) Clinical quiz. Cerebral venous thrombosis. Pediatr Nephrol 9:247-249
7. Chan AK, deVeber G, Monagle P, Brooker LA, Massicotte PM (2003) Venous thrombosis in children. J Thromb Haemost 1:1443-1455
8. Citak A, Emre S, Sairin A, Bilge I, Nayir A (2000) Hemostatic problems and thromboembolic complications in nephrotic children. Pediatr Nephrol 14:138-142
9. Delmas MC, Cochat P, Ranchin B, Negrier C, Barre P, Bouvier R, David L (1992) Thrombosis of superior longitudinal sinus and pulmonary embolism in nephrotic syndrome. Pediatrie 47:31-35
10. de Saint-Martin A, Terzic J, Christmann D, Knab MC, Peter MO, Fischbach M (1997) Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and nephrotic syndrome: favourable outcome with low molecular weight heparin. Arch Pediatr 4:849-852
11. deVeber G, Andrew M, Adams C, Bjornson B, Booth F, Buckley DJ, Camfield CS, David M, Humphreys P, Langevin P, MacDonald EA, Gillett J, Meaney B, Shevell M, Sinclair DB, Yager J (2001) Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children. N Engl J Med 345:417-423
12. Divekar AA, Ali US, Ronghe MD, Singh AR, Dalvi RB (1996) Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in a child with nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 10:206-207
13. Eddy AA, Symons JM (2003) Nephrotic syndrome in childhood. Lancet 362:629-639
14. Egli F, Elmiger P, Stalder G (1973) Thrombosis as a complication of nephrotic syndrome. Helv Paediatr Acta 30 (Suppl): 20-21
15. Egli F, Eimiger P, Stalder G (1974) Thromboembolism in the nephrotic syndrome. European Society for Pediatric Nephrology. Pediatr Res 8:903
16. Fabri D, Belangero VM, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM, Arruda VR (1998) Inherited risk factors for thrombophilia in children with nephrotic syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 157:939-942
17. Fluss J (2005) Syndrome néphrotique de l'enfant et thrombose veineuse cérébrale. Thesis. Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva
18. Freycon MT, Richard O, Allard D, Damon G, Reynaud J, Freycon F (1992) Intracranial venous sinus thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome. Pediatrie 47:513-516
19. Gangakhedar A, Wong W, Pitcher LA (2005) Cerebral thrombosis in childhood nephrosis. J Paediatr Child Health 41:221-224
20. Heller C, Heinecke A, Junker R, Knofler R, Kosch A, Kurnik K, Schobess R, von Eckardstein A, Strater R, Zieger B, Nowak-Gottl U (2003) Cerebral venous thrombosis in children: a multifactorial origin. Circulation 108:1362-1367
21. Hodson E (2003) The management of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. Paediatr Drugs 5:335-349
22. Hogg RJ, Portman RJ, Milliner D, Lemley KV, Eddy A, Ingelfinger J (2000) Evaluation and management of proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome in children: recommendations from a pediatric nephrology panel established at the National Kidney Foundation conference on proteinuria, albuminuria, risk, assessment, detection, and elimination (PARADE). Pediatrics 105:1242-1249
23. Hoyer PF, Gonda S, Barthels M, Kroch HP, Brodehl J (1986) Thromboembolic complications in children with nephrotic syndrome. Risk and incidence. Acta Paediatr Scand 75:804-810
24. Johnson MC, Parkerson N, Ward S, de Alarcon PA (2003) Pediatric sinovenous thrombosis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 25:312-315
25. Lasry F, Damane H, Oumlil M, Hadj Khalifa H (2004) Esotropia revealing a cranial sinus thrombosis in a child with nephrotic syndrome. Arch Pediatr 11:258
26. Lau SO, Bock GH, Edson JR, Michael AF (1980) Sagittal sinus thrombosis in the nephrotic syndrome. J Pediatr 97:948-950
27. Lee SK, terBrugge KG (2003) Cerebral venous thrombosis in adults: the role of imaging evaluation and management. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 13:139-152
28. Lin CC, Lui CC, Tain YL (2002) Thalamic stroke secondary to straight sinus thrombosis in a nephrotic child. Pediatr Nephrol 17:184-186
29. Meena AK, Naidu KS, Murthy JM (2000) Cortical sinovenous thrombosis in a child with nephrotic syndrome and iron deficiency anaemia. Neurol India 48:292-294
30. Mehls O, Andrassy K, Koderisch J, Herzog U, Ritz E (1987) Hemostasis and thromboembolism in children with nephrotic syndrome: differences from adults. J Pediatr 110:862-867
31. Monagle P, Chan A, Massicotte P, Chalmers E, Michelson AD (2004) Antithrombotic therapy in children: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 126:645S-687S
32. Niaudet P (2004) Steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. In: Avner ED, Harmon WE, Niaudet P (eds) Pediatric nephrology, 5th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 543-554
33. Nowak-Gottl U, Junker R, Hartmeier M, Koch HG, Munchow N, Assmann G, von Eckardstein A (1999) Increased lipoprotein (a) is an important risk factor for venous thromboembolism in childhood. Circulation 100:743-748
34. Orth SR, Ritz E (1998) The nephrotic syndrome. N Engl J Med 338:1202-1211
35. Palcoux JB, Gaspard F, Campagne D (2003) Cerebral sinus thrombosis in a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 18:610-611
36. Papachristou FT, Petridou SH, Printza NG, Zafeiriou DI, Gompakis NP (2005) Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 32:282-284
37. Petaja J, Jalanko H, Holmberg C, Kinnunen S, Syrjala M (1995) Resistance to activated protein C as an underlying cause of recurrent venous thrombosis during relapsing nephrotic syndrome. J Pediatr 127:103-105
38. Pillekamp F, Hoppe B, Roth B, Querfeld U (1997) Vomiting, headache and seizures in a child with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12:1280-1281
39. Pirogovsky A, Adi M, Dagan A, Sinai L, Sthoeger D, Barzilai N, Tabachnik E (2001) Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis: a rare complication in a child with nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Radiol 31:709-711
40. Report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (1984) Minimal change nephrotic syndrome in children: deaths during the first 5 to 15 years' observation. Pediatrics 73:497-501
41. Rodrigues MM, Zardini LR, de Andrade MC, Mangia CM, Carvalhaes JT, Vilanova LC (2003) Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in a nephrotic child. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 61:1026-1029
42. Sarasin FP, Schifferli JA (1994) Prophylactic oral anticoagulation in nephrotic patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int 45:578-585
43. Schlegel N (1997) Thromboembolic risks and complications in nephrotic children. Semin Thromb Hemost 23:271-280
44. Schnaper HW (2001) Nephrotic syndrome. In: Schrier R (ed) Diseases of the kidney and the urinary tract, 7th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 1807-1811
45. Sebire G, Tabarki B, Saunders DE, Leroy I, Liesner R, Saint-Martin C, Husson B,Williams AN,Wade A, Kirkham FJ (2005) Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children: risk factors, presentation, diagnosis and outcome. Brain 128:477-489
46. Shroff M, deVeber G (2003) Sinovenous thrombosis in children. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 13:115-138
47. Singhal R, Brimble KS (2006) Thromboembolic complications in the nephrotic syndrome: pathophysiology and clinical management. Thromb Res (in press)
48. Stam J (2005) Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses. N Engl J Med 352:1791-1798
49. Tullu MS, Deshmukh CT, Save SU, Bhoite BK, Bharucha BA (1999) Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis: a rare complication of nephrotic syndrome. J Postgrad Med 45:120-122
50. Ueda N (1990) Effect of corticosteroids on some hemostatic parameters in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Nephron 56:374-378
51. Vielhaber H, Ehrenforth S, Koch HG, Scharrer I, van der Werf N, Nowak-Gottl U (1998) Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in infancy and childhood: role of genetic and acquired risk factors of thrombophilia. Eur J Pediatr 157:555-560
52. Weisz W, Kemper MJ, Weil J, Muller-Wiefel DE (2002) Asymptomatic intracardiac thrombus in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 17:287-289