Ocular adnexal lymphoma: A review of clinicopathologic features and treatment options

Blood

Volumn 108, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 1451-1460

  Decaudin, Didier ^a   De Cremoux, Patricia ^b   Vincent Salomon, Anne ^b   Dendale, Remi ^b   Lumbroso Le Rouic, Livia ^b  

^a INSTITUT CURIE   (France)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CD23 ANTIGEN; CD3 ANTIGEN; CHLORAMBUCIL; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTARABINE; DOXORUBICIN; FLUDARABINE; METHOTREXATE; PREDNISONE; PROTEIN BCL 10; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN BCL 6; PROTEIN P53; RITUXIMAB; VINCRISTINE;

B CELL LYMPHOMA; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARCINOGENESIS; CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI; CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOTHERAPY; LABORATORY TEST; LYMPHOMA; MUCOSA ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE LYMPHOMA; OCULAR ADNEXAL LYMPHOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PSEUDOLYMPHOMA; REVIEW; SJOEGREN SYNDROME;

EID: 33748134266     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: 00064971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-02-005017     Document Type: Review

References (121)

1. Fitzpatrick PJ, Macko S. Lymphoreticular tumors of the orbit. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1984;10:333-340.
2. Lambo MJ, Brady LW, Shields CL. Lymphoid tumors of the orbit. In: Alberti WE, Sagerman RH, eds. Radiotherapy of Intraocular and Orbital Tumors. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. 1993;205-216.
3. Feinstein AR, Krause AC. Ocular involvement in lymphomatous disease. Am Arch Ophthalmol. 1952;48:328-337.
4. Margo CE, Mulla ZD. Malignant tumors of the orbit: analysis of the Florida Cancer Registry. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:185-190.
5. Cassoux N, Merle-Beral H, Leblond V, et al. Ocular and central nervous system lymphoma: clinical features and diagnosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2000;8:243-250.
6. Buggage RR, Chan CC, Nussenblatt RB. Ocular manifestations of central nervous system lymphoma. Curr Opin Oncol. 2001;13:137-142.
7. Chan CC, Wallace DJ. Intraocular lymphoma: update on diagnosis and management. Cancer Control. 2004;11:285-295.
8. Ferreri AJ, Blay JY, Pasini F, et al. International Extranodal Study Group (IELSG): relevance of intraocular involvement in the management of primary central nervous system lymphomas. Ann Oncol. 2002;13:531-538.
9. Akpek EK, Ahmed I, Hochberg FH, et al. Intraocular-central nervous system lymphoma: clinical features, diagnosis, and outcomes. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1805-1810.
10. Coupland SE, Heimann H, Bechrakis NE. Primary intraocular lymphoma: a review of the clinical, histopathological and molecular biological features. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2004;242:901-913.
11. Meunier J, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Vincent-Salomon A, et al. Ophthalmologic and intraocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a large single center study of initial characteristics, natural history, and prognostic factors. Hematol Oncol. 2004;22:143-158.
12. Plotkin SR, Batchelor TT. Advances in the therapy of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma. 2001;1:263-275.
13. Bessell EM, Henk JM, Wright JE, Whitelocke RA. Orbital and conjunctival lymphoma treatment and prognosis. Radiother Oncol. 1988;13:237-244.
14. Vitu L, Cosset JM, Briot E, et al. Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the conjunctiva: apropos of 14 cases treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. Bull Cancer Radiother. 1990;77:61-68.
15. Letschert JG, Gonzalez Gonzalez D, Oskam J, et al. Results of radiotherapy in patients with stage I orbital non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Radiother Oncol. 1991;22:36-44.
16. Smitt MC, Donaldson SS. Radiotherapy is successful treatment for orbital lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993;26:59-66.
17. Chao CK, Lin HS, Devineni VR, Smith M. Radiation therapy for primary orbital lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1995;31:929-934.
18. Esik O, Ikeda H, Mukai K, Kaneko A. A retrospective analysis of different modalities for treatment of primary orbital non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Radiother Oncol. 1996;38:13-18.
19. Erkal HS, Serin M, Sak SD, Cakmak A. Radiation therapy for stage I primary orbital non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Tumori. 1997;83:822-825.
20. Bolek TW, Moyses HM, Marcus RB Jr, et al. Radiotherapy in the management of orbital lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;44:31-36.
21. Lau HY, Chua ET, Yang TL, Chua EJ. Orbital lymphoma: results of radiation therapy. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1998;27:474-477.
22. Stafford SL, Kozelsky TF, Garrity JA, et al. Orbital lymphoma: radiotherapy outcome and complications. Radiother Oncol. 2001;59:139-144.
23. Bhatia S, Paulino AC, Buatti JM, Mayr NA, Wen BC. Curative radiotherapy for primary orbital lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;54:818-823.
24. Le QT, Eulau SM, George TI, et al. Primary radiotherapy for localized orbital MALT lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;52:657-663.
25. Liao SL, Kao SC, Hou PK, Chen MS. Results of radiotherapy for orbital and adnexal lymphoma. Orbit. 2002;21:117-123.
26. Hasegawa M, Kojima M, Shioya M, et al. Treatment results of radiotherapy for malignant lymphoma of the orbit and histopathologic review according to the WHO classification. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;57:172-176.
27. Martinet S, Ozsahin M, Belkacemi Y, et al. Outcome and prognostic factors in orbital lymphoma: a rare cancer network study on 90 consecutive patients treated with radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55:892-898.
28. Uno T, Isobe K, Shikama N, et al. Radiotherapy for extranodal, marginal-zone, B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue originating in the ocular adnexa. Cancer. 2003;98:865-871.
29. Tsang RW, Gospodarowicz MK, Pintilie M, et al. Localized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma treated with radiation therapy has excellent clinical outcome. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:4157-4164.
30. Rosado MF, Byrne GE Jr, Ding F, et al. Ocular adnexal lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of a large cohort of patients with no evidence for an association with Chlamydia psittaci. Blood. 2006;107:467-472.
31. Nuckel H, Meller D, Steuhl KP, Duhrsen U. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in relapsed MALT lymphoma of the conjunctiva. Eur J Haematol. 2004;73:258-262.
32. Zinzani PL, Alinari L, Stefoni V, Loffredo A, Pichierri P, Polito E. Rituximab in primary conjunctiva lymphoma. Leuk Res. 2005;29:107-108.
33. Ferreri AJ, Guidoboni M, Ponzoni M, et al. Evidence for an association between Chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:586-594.
34. Ferreri AJ, Ponzoni M, Guidoboni M, et al. Regression of ocular adnexal lymphoma after Chlamydia psittaci-eradicating antibiotic therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:5067-5073.
35. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diébold J, et al. World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the clinical advisory committee meeting - Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:3835-3849.
36. White WL, Ferry JA, Harris NL, Grove AS Jr. Ocular adnexal lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study with identification of lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type. Ophthalmology. 1995;102:1994-2006.
37. Restrepo A, Raez LE, Byrne GE Jr, et al. Is central nervous system prophylaxis necessary in ocular adnexal lymphoma? Crit Rev Oncog. 1998;9:269-273.
38. Johnson TE, Tse DT, Byrne GE Jr, et al. Ocular-adnexal lymphoid tumors: a clinicopathologic and molecular genetic study of 77 patients. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;15:171-179.
39. Nakata M, Matsumo Y, Katsumata N, et al. Histology according to the Revised European-American Lymphoma classification significantly predicts the prognosis of ocular adnexal lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 1999;32:533-543.
40. Jenkins C, Rose GE, Bunce C, et al. Histologic features of ocular adnexal lymphoma (REAL classification) and their association with patient morbidity and survival. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:907-913.
41. Auw-Haedrich C, Coupland SE, Kapp A, Schmitt-Graff A, Buchen R, Witschel H. Long term outcome of ocular adnexal lymphoma subtyped according to the REAL classification. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85:63-69.
42. Cho EY, Han JJ, Ree HJ, et al. Clinicopathologic analysis of ocular adnexal lymphomas: extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma constitutes the vast majority of ocular lymphomas among Koreans and affects younger patients. Am J Hematol. 2003;73:87-96.
43. Fung CY, Tarbell NJ, Lucarelli MJ, et al. Ocular adnexal lymphoma: clinical behavior of distinct WHO classification subtypes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;57:1382-1391.
44. Adachi A, Tamaru J-I, Kaneko K, et al. No evidence of a correlation between BCL10 expression API2-MALT1 gene rearrangement in ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma. Pathol Intern. 2004;54:16-25.
45. Coupland SE, Hellmich M, Auw-Haedrich C, Lee WR, Stein H. Prognostic value of cell-cycle markers in ocular adnexal lymphoma: an assessment of 230 cases. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2004;242:130-145.
46. Sasai K, Yamabe H, Dodo Y, Kashii S, Nagata Y, Hiraoka M. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. Acta Oncol. 2001;40:485-490.
47. Lee JL, Kim MK, Lee KH, et al. Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Ann Hematol. 2005;84:13-18.
48. Zucca E, Roggero E, Pinotti G, et al. Patterns of survival in mantle cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 1995;6:257-262.
49. Harris N, Jaffe ES, Stein H, et al. A revised European-American Classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study group. Blood. 1994;84:1361-1392.
50. Sharara N, Holden JT, Wojno TH, Feinberg AS, Grossniklaus HE. Ocular adnexa lymphoid proliferations: clinical, histologic, flow cytometric, and molecular analysis of forty-three cases. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1245-1254.
51. Chen PM, Chiou TJ, Yu IT, et al. Molecular analysis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of ocular adnexa. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001;42:207-214.
52. Chen PM, Liu JH, Yu IT, et al. Lack of mutations of BCL6 and BCL10 genes in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas of the orbital adnexa. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2000;123:44-48.
53. Streubel B, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Müllauer L, et al. Variable frequencies of MALT lymphoma-associated genetic aberrations in MALT lymphomas of different sites. Leukemia. 2004;18:1722-1726.
54. Streubel B, Vinatzer U, Lamprecht A, Raderer M, Chott A. t(3;14)(p14.1;q32) involving IGH and FOXP1 is a novel recurrent chromosomal aberration in MALT lymphoma. Leukemia. 2005;19:652-658.
55. Matteucci C, Galieni P, Leoncini L, et al. Typical genomic imbalances in primary MALT lymphoma of the orbit. J Pathol. 2003;200:656-660.
56. Ness GO, Lyboek H, Arnes J, Rodahl E. Chromosomal imbalances in lymphoid tumors of the orbit. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Science. 2002;43:9-14.
57. Levine EG, Arthur DC, Machnicki J, et al. Four new recurring translocations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood. 1989;74:1796-1800.
58. Horsman D, Gascoyne R, Klasa R, Coupland R. t(11;18)(q21;q21.1): a recurring translocation in lymphomas in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)? Genes Chromosome Cancer. 1992,4:183-187.
59. Akagi T, Motegi M, Tamura A, et al. A novel gene, MALT1 et 18q21, is involved in t(11;18)(q21;q21) found in low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Oncogene. 1999;18:5785-5794.
60. Dierlamm J, Baens M, Wlodarska I, et al. The apoptosis inhibitor gene AP12 and a novel 18q gene, MLT, are recurrently rearranged in the t(11;18)(q21;q21) associated with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. Blood. 1999;93:3601-3609.
61. Morgan JA, Yin Y, Borowsky AD, et al. Breakpoints of the t(11;18)(q21;q21) in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma lie within or near the previously undescribed gene MALT1 in chromosome 18. Cancer Res. 1999;59:6205-6213.
62. Wotherspoon AC, Pan LX, Diss TC, Isaacson PG. Cytogenetic study of B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1992;58:35-38.
63. Willis TG, Jadayel DM, Du MQ, et al. Bcl10 is involved in t(1;14)(p22;q32) of MALT B cell lymphoma and mutated in multiple tumor types. Cell. 1999;96:35-45.
64. Thome M. CARMA1, BCL-10 and MALT1 in lymphocyte development and activation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4:348-359.
65. Lucas PC, Yonezumi M, Inohara N, et al. Bcl10 and MALT1, independent targets of chromosomal translocation in MALT lymphoma, cooperate in a novel NF-κB signalling pathway. J Biol Chem. 200;276:19012-19019.
66. Ghosh S, May MJ, Kopp EB. NF-κB and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:225-260.
67. Karin M, Ben-Neriah Y. Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-κB activity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:621-663.
68. Gascoyne RD. The molecular biology of MALT lymphoma. Hematology. 2001;244-248.
69. Morgner A, Sutton P, O'Rourke JL, Enno A, Dixon MF, Lee A. Helicobacter-induced expression of Bcl-X(L) in B lymphocytes in the mouse model: a possible step in the development of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Int J Cancer. 2001;92:634-640.
70. Seeberger H, Starostik P, Schwarz S, et al. Loss of Fas (CD95/APO-1) regulatory function is an important step in early MALT-type lymphoma development. Lab Invest. 2001;81:977-986.
71. D'Elios MM, Amedei A, Manghetti M, et al. Impaired T-cell regulation of B-cell growth in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric low-grade MALT lymphoma. Gastroenterology. 1999;117:1105-1112.
72. Wotherspoon AC, Ortiz-Hidalgo C, Falzon MR, Isaacson PG. Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and primary B-cell gastric lymphoma. Lancet. 1991;338:1175-1176.
73. Shen DF, Herbort CP, Tuaillon N, Buggage RR, Egwuagu CE, Chan CC. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in primary intraocular B-cell lymphoma. Mod Pathol. 2001;14:995-999.
74. de Cremoux P, Subtil A, Ferreri AJ, et al. Re: Evidence for an association between Chlamydia psittaci and ocular adnexal lymphomas. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:365-366.
75. Ferreri AJ, Ponzoni M, Viale E, et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and MALT-type lymphoma of the ocular adnexa: clinical and therapeutic implications. Hematol Oncol. 2006;24:33-37.
76. Ferreri AJ, Viale E, Guidoboni M, et al. Clinical implications of hepatitis C virus infection in MALT-type lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. Ann Oncol. 2006;17:769-772.
77. Nutting CM, Shah-Desai S, Rose GE, Norton AP, Plowman PN. Thyroid orbitopathy possibly pre-disposes to late-onset of periocular lymphoma. Eye. In press.
78. Chazerain P, Meyer O, Kaplan G, et al. Lymphomas of the ocular adnexa in Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome: apropos of 4 cases. Ann Med Interne (Paris). 1995;146:223-225.
79. Tonami H, Matoba M, Yokota H, Higashi K, Yamamoto I, Sugai S. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome: initial and follow-up imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002;179:485-489.
80. Dhermy P, Diebold J, Audoin J, Tricot G. Pseudolymphomas of the ocular adnexa: their relations to Sjögren's syndrome [in French]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1981;4:787-796.
81. Takeshita S, Sugai S, Ogawa Y, et al. A case of Sjögren's syndrome with an eyelid tumor, a so-termed pseudolymphoma of the lacrimal gland. Ryumachi. 1996;36:43-49.
82. Yago T, Nishinarita M. A case of Sjögren's syndrome with marked lacrimal gland enlargement, atypical onset and IgA-M-proteinemia. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 2002;25:466-472.
83. Jenkins C, Rose GE, Bunce C, et al. Clinical features associated with survival of patients with lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. Eye. 2003;17:809-820.
84. Charlotte F, Doghmi K, Cassoux N, et al. Ocular adnexal marginal zone B cell lymphoma: a clinical and pathologic study of 23 cases. Virchows Arch. 2006;448:506-516.
85. Sullivan TJ, Whitehead K, Williamson R, et al. Lymphoproliferative disease of the ocular adnexa: a clinical and pathologic study with statistical analysis of 69 patients. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;21:177-188.
86. Glass AG, Karnell LH, Menck HR. Database report on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cancer. 1997;80:2311-2320.
87. Thiéblemont C, Berger F, Dumontet C. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is a disseminated disease in one third of 158 patients analyzed. Blood. 2000;95:802-806.
88. Zucca E, Conconi A, Pedrinis E. Nongastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Blood. 2003;101:2489-2495.
89. Meunier C, Lumbroso-Le Rouïc L, Dendale R, et al. Conjunctival low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a large single-center study of initial characteristics, natural history, and prognostic factors. Leuk Lymphoma. In press.
90. A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:987-994.
91. Baldini L, Blini M, Guffanti A, et al. Treatment and prognosis in a series of primary extranodal lymphomas of the ocular adnexa. Ann Oncol. 1998;9:779-781.
92. Matsuo T, Yoshino T. Long-term follow-up results of observation or radiation for conjunctival malignant lymphoma. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1233-1237.
93. Tanimoto K, Kaneko A, Suzuki S, et al. Long-term follow-up results of no initial therapy for ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2006;17:135-140.
94. Blasi MA, Gherlinzoni F, Calvisi G, et al. Local chemotherapy with interferon-alpha for conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a preliminary report. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:559-562.
95. Tedder TF, Engel P. CD20: a regulator of cell-type progression of B lymphocytes. Immunol Today. 1994;15:450-454.
96. Reff ME, Carner K, Chambers KS, et al. Depletion of B-cells in vivo by a chimeric mouse human monoclonal antibody to CD20. Blood. 1994;83:435-445.
97. Shan D, Ledbetter JA, Press O. Apoptosis of malignant human B cells by ligation of CD20 with monoclonal antibodies. Blood. 1998;91:1644-1652.
98. Mathas S, Rickers A, Bommert, K, Dörken B, Mapara MY. Anti-CD20- and B-cell receptor-mediated apoptosis: evidence for shared intracellular signaling pathways. Cancer Res. 2000;60:7170-7176.
99. Demidem A, Lam T, Alas S, Hariharan K, Hanna N, Bonavida B. Chimeric anti-CD20 (IDEC-c2b8) monoclonal antibody sensitizes a B cell lymphoma cell line to cell killing by cytotoxic drugs. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 1997;12:177-186.
100. Di Gaetano N, Xiao Y, Erba E, et al. Synergism between fludarabine and rituximab revealed in a follicular lymphoma cell line resistant to the cytotoxic activity either drug alone. Br J Haematol. 2001;114:800-809.
101. Sacchi S, Federico M, Vitolo U, et al. Clinical activity and safety of combination immunotherapy with IFN-α2a and rituximab in patients with relapsed low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Haematologica. 2001;86:951-958.
102. Czuczman MS, Weaver R, Alkuzweny B, Berlfein J, Grillo-Lopez AJ. Prolonged clinical and molecular remission in patients with low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with rituximab plus CHOP chemotherapy: 9-year follow-up. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:4711-4716.
103. Salles G, Foussard C, Mounier N, et al. Rituximab added to αIFN+CHVP improves the outcome of follicular lymphoma patients with a high tumor burden: first analysis of the GELA-GOEL-AMS FL-2000 randomized trial in 359 patients [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104. Abstract 160.
104. Hiddemann W, Kneba M, Dreyling M, et al. Frontline therapy with rituximab added to the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) significantly improves the outcome for patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma compared with therapy with CHOP alone: results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 2005;106:3725-3732.
105. Marcus R, Imrie K, Belch A, et al. CVP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CVP as first-line treatment for advanced follicular lymphoma. Blood. 2005;105:1417-1423.
106. Coiffier B, Lepage E, Briere J, et al. CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:235-242.
107. Habermann TM, Weller E, Morrison VA, et al. Rituximab-CHOP versus CHOP with or without maintenance rituximab in patients 60 years of age or older with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): an update [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104. Abstract 127.
108. Pfreundschuh M, Truemper L, Gill D, et al. First analysis of the completed Mabthera International (MinT) trial in young patients with low-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): addition of rituximab to a CHOP-like regimen significantly improves outcome of all patients with the identification of a very favorable subgroup with IPI=0 and no bulky disease [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104. Abstract 157.
109. Raderer M, Jager G, Brugger S, et al. Rituximab for treatment of advanced extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Oncology. 2003;65:306-310.
110. Conconi A, Martinelli G, Thiéblemont C, et al. Clinical activity of rituximab in extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT-type. Blood. 2003;102:2741-2745.
111. Nuckel H, Meller D, Steuhl KP, Duhrsen U. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in relapsed MALT lymphoma of the conjunctiva. Eur J Haematol. 2004;73:258-262.
112. Zinzani PL, Alinari L, Stefoni V, Loffredo A, Pichierri P, Polito E. Rituximab in primary conjunctiva lymphoma. Leuk Res. 2005;29:107-108.
113. Ferreri AJ, Ponzoni M, Martinelli G, et al. Rituximab in patients with mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. Haematologica. 2005;90:1578-1579.
114. Yeung L, Tsao YP, Chen PY, Kuo TT, Lin KK, Lai LJ. Combination of adult inclusion conjunctivitis and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in a young adult. Cornea. 2004;231:71-75.
115. Coleman M, Leonard JP, Decter J, et al. Periocular MALT (conjunctival/orbital) lymphomas: complete responses with antibiotic therapy [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104. Abstract 2493.
116. Grünberger B, Hauff W, Lukas J, et al. "Blind" antibiotic treatment targeting Chlamydia is not effective in patients with MALT lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. Ann Oncol. 2006;17:484-487.
117. Gracia E, Mazzucchelli L, Frösch P, et al. Low prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci infection in ocular adnexal lymphoma from Cuban patients [abstract]. Ann Oncol. 2005;16. Abstract 303.
118. You C, Ryu M-H, Huh J, et al. Ocular adnexal lymphoma is highly associated with Chlamydia psittaci [abstract]. Eur J Cancer. 2005;2(suppl 3):282-283. Abstract 982.
119. Mulder MM, Heddema ER, Pannekoek Y, et al. No evidence for an association of ocular adnexal lymphoma with Chlamydia psittaci in a cohort of patients from the Netherlands. Leuk Res. In press.
120. Daibata M, Nemoto Y, Togitani K, et al. Absence of Chlamydia psittaci in ocular adnexal lymphoma from Japanese patients. Br J Haematol. 2006;132:651-661.
121. Liu YC, Ohyashiki JH, Ito Y, et al. Chlamydia psittaci in ocular adnexal lymphoma: Japanese experience. Leuk Res. In press.