Central pattern generators for bipedal locomotion

Journal of Mathematical Biology

Volumn 53, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 474-489

  Pinto, Carla M A ^a   Golubitsky, Martin ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

^b University of Houston   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARM; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; GAIT; HUMAN; LEG; LOCOMOTION; MATHEMATICS; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; ARM; GAIT; HUMANS; LEG; LOCOMOTION; MATHEMATICS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL;

HUMULUS LUPULUS;

EID: 33748128070     PISSN: 03036812     EISSN: 14321416     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00285-006-0021-2     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Alves-Pinto, C.: Coupled oscillators. Phd thesis, Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, January (2004)
2. D'Aout, K., Vereecke, E., Schoonaert, K., De Clerq, D., Van Elsacker, L., Aerts, P.: Locomotion in bonobos (Pan paniscus): differences and similarities between bipedal and quadrupedal terrestrial walking, and a comparison with other locomotor modes. J. Anat. 204, 353-361 (2004)
3. Blickhan, R.: The spring-mass model for running and hopping. J. Biomech. 22, 1217-1227 (1989)
4. Buono, P.L.: Models of central pattern generators for quadruped locomotion II. Secondary gaits, J. Math. Biol.42(4), 327-346 (2001)
5. Buono, P.L., Golubitsky, M.: Models of central pattern generators for quadruped locomotion I. Primary gaits, J. Math. Biol. 42, 291-326 (2001)
6. Bussel, B., Roby-Brami, A., Neris, O.R., Yakovleff, A.: Evidence for a spinal stepping generator in man. Electrophysiological study, Acta Neurobiol. Exp. (Wars) 56(1), 465-468 (1996)
7. Calancie, G.E., Needham-Shropshire, B., Jacobs, P., Willer, K., Zych, G., Green, B.A.: Involuntary stepping after chronic spinal injury. Evidence for a central pattern generator for locomotion in man. Brain 117(5), 1143-1159 (1994)
8. Caldwell, G.E., Whitall, J.: An energetic comparison of symmetrical and asymmetrical human gait, J. Motor Behav. 27, 139-154 (1995)
9. Cohen, A.H., Holmes, P.J., Rand, R.H.: The nature of the coupling between segmental oscillators of the lamprey spinal generator for locomotion: a mathematical model. J. Math. Biol. 13(3), 345-369 (1982)
10. Cohen, A.H., Ermentrout, G.B., Kiemel, T., Kopell, N., Sigvardt, K.A., Williams, T.L.: Modelling of intersegmental coordination in the lamprey central pattern generator for locomotion. Trends Neurosci 15(11), 434-438 (1992)
11. Collins, J.J., Stewart, I.: Coupled nonlinear oscillators and the symmetries of animal gaits, J. Nonlinear Sci. 3, 349-392 (1993)
12. Collins, J.J., Stewart, I.: Hexapodal gaits and coupled nonlinear oscillator models. Biol. Cybern. 68, 287-298 (1993)
13. Collins, J.J., Stewart, I.: A group-theoretic approach to rings of coupled biological oscillators. Biol. Cybern. 71, 95-103 (1994)
14. Dietz, V.: Do human bipeds use quadrupedal coordination? Trends Neurosc. 25(9), 462-467 (2002)
15. Dietz, V., Fouad, K., Bastiaanse, C.M.: Neuronal coordination of arm and leg movements during human locomotion. Eur. J. Neurosc. 14, 1906-1914 (2001)
16. Dimitijevic, M.R., Gerasimenko, Y., Pinter, M.M.: Evidence for a spinal central pattern generator in humans. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 800, 360-376 (1998)
17. Donker, S.F.: Flexibility of human walking: a study on interlimb coordination. PhD Thesis, Sint Maartenskliniek-research, Nijmegen (2002)
18. Donker, S.F., Beek, P.J., Wagenaar, R.C., Mulder, T.: Coordination between arm and leg movements during locomotion, J. Motor Behav. 33(1), 86-102 (2001)
19. Donker, S.F., Mulder, Th., Nienhuis, B., Duysens, J.: Adaptations in arm movements for added mass to wrist or ankle during walking. Exp. Brain Res. 145, 26-31 (2002)
20. Duysens, J., Van de Crommert, H.W.A.A.: Neural control of locomotion: Part 1: The central pattern generator from cats to humans. Gait Post. 7, 131-141 (1998)
21. English, A.W.: Interlimb coordination during stepping in the cat: an electromyographic analysis. J. Neurophysiol. 42(1), 229-243 (1979)
22. Farley, C.T., Blickhan, R., Saito, J., Taylor, C.R.: Hopping frequency in humans: a test of how springs set stride frequency in bouncing gaits. Am. Physiol. Soc. 2127-2132 (1991)
23. Frigon, A., Collins, D.F., Zehr, E.P.: Effect of rhythmic arm movement on reflexes in the legs: modulation of soleus h-reflexes and somatosensory conditioning. J. Neurophysiol. 91, 1516-1523 (2004)
24. Golubitsky, M., Stewart, I., Buono, P.L., Collins, J.J.: A modular network for legged locomotion. Physica D 115, 56-72 (1998)
25. Golubitsky, M., Stewart, I., Buono, P.L., Collins, J.J.: Symmetry in locomotor central pattern generators and animal gaits. Nature 401, 693-695 (1999)
26. Golubitsky, M., Stewart, I.: The symmetry perspective. In: Progress in Mathematics 200, Birkhauser, Basel (2002)
27. Golubitsky, M., Stewart, I., Török, A.: Patterns of synchrony in coupled cell networks with multiple arrows. SIAM J. Appl. Dynam. Sys. 4(1), 78-100 (2005)
28. Grillner, S., Buchanan, J.T., Walker, P., Brodin, L.: Neural control of locomotion in lower vertebrates. In: Neural Control of Rhythmic Movements in Vertebrates. Wiley, New York pp. 1-40 (1988)
29. Harcourt-Smith, W.E.H., Aiello, L.C.: Fossils, feet and the evolution of human bipedal locomotion. J. Anat. 204, 403-416 (2004)
30. Hayes, G., Alexander, R.McN.: The hopping gait of crows (Crovidae) and other bipeds. J. Zool. 200, 205-213 (1983)
31. Hiebert, G.W., Whelan, P.J., Prochazka, A., Pearson, K.G.: Contribution of hind limb flexor muscle afferents to the timing of phase transitions in the cat step cycle. J. Neurophysiol. 75(3), 1126-1137 (1996)
32. Jenkins, F.: Primate Locomotion. Academic, New York (1974)
33. Kopell, N., Ermentrout, G.B.: Coupled oscillators and the design of central pattern generators. Math. Biosci. 89, 14-23 (1988)
34. Kopell, N., Ermentrout, G.B.: Phase transitions and other phenomena in chains of oscillators, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 50, 1014-1052 (1990)
35. Mann, R.A.: Biomechanics. In: Jahss, M.H. (ed.) Disorders of the Foot, W.B. Saunders and Co., Philadelphia pp. 37-67 (1982)
36. Mann, R.A., Moran, G.T., Dougherty, S.E.: Comparative electromyography of the lower extremity in jogging, running and sprinting. Am. J. Sports Med. 14, 501-510 (1986)
37. Margaria, R., Cavagna, G.: Human locomotion in subgravity. Aerosp. Med. 35, 1140-1146 (1964)
38. Masoud, O., Papanikolopoulos, N.: A method for human action recognition. Image Vis. Comput. 21(8), 729-743 (2003)
39. Minetti, A.E.: The biomechanics of skipping gaits: a third locomotion paradigm? Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 265, 1227-1235 (1998)
40. Pearson, K.G.: Common principles of motor control in vertebrates and invertebrates. Ann. Rev. Neurosc. 16, 265-297 (1993)
41. Peck, A.J., Turvey, M.T.: Coordination dynamics of the bipedal galloping pattern. J. Motor Behav. 29(4), 311-325 (1997)
42. Preuschoft, H.: Mechanisms for the acquisition of habitual bipedality: are there biomechanical reasons for the acquisition of upright bipedal posture? J. Anat. 204, 363-384 (2004)
43. Schmidt, D.: Insights into the evolution of human bipedalism from experimental studies of humans and other primates. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 1437-1448 (2003)
44. Verstappen, M., Aerts, P.: Terrestrial locomotion in the black-billed magpie. I. Spatio-temporal gait characteristics. Motor Contr. 4, 150-164 (2000)
45. Wagenaar, R.C., van Emmerik, R.E.A.: Resonant frequencies of arms and legs identify different walking patterns. J. Biomech. 33, 853-861 (2000)
46. Wannier, T., Bastiaanse, C., Colombo, G., Dietz, V.: Arm to leg coordination in humans during walking, creeping and swimming activities. Exp. Brain Res. 141, 375-379 (2001)
47. Whitall, J.: A developmental study of the interlimb coordination in running and galloping. J. Motor Behav. 21, 409-428 (1989)
48. Whitall, J., Caldwell, G.E.: Coordination of symmetrical and asymmetrical human gait. J. Motor Behav. 24(4), 339-353 (1992)