Submarine hydrothermal activity and mineralization on the Kurile and western Aleutian island arcs, N.W. Pacific

Marine Geology

Volumn 231, Issue 1-4, 2006, Pages 163-180

  Glasby, G P ^a   Cherkashov, G A ^a   Gavrilenko, G M ^b   Rashidov, V A ^c   Slovtsov, I B ^a  

^a VNIIOKEANGEOLOGIA   (Russian Federation)

^b RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (Russian Federation)

^c INSTITUTE OF VOLCANOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Aleutian arc; Kraternaya bight; Kuriles arc; Piip volcano; submarine hydrothermal mineralization

Indexed keywords

ALEUTIAN ARCS; KRATERNAYA BIGHT; KURILES ARCS; PIIP VOLCANOES; SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL MINERALIZATION;

DEPOSITS; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; MANGANESE COMPOUNDS; PYRITES; REGIONAL PLANNING; SILICA; VOLCANOES;

MINERAL RESOURCES;

HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY; HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSIT; MINERALIZATION; SUBMARINE VOLCANO; UNDERWATER ENVIRONMENT;

ALASKA; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; EURASIA; KURIL ISLANDS; NORTH AMERICA; RUSSIAN FEDERATION; SAKHALIN; UNITED STATES;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BIVALVIA;

EID: 33748105252     PISSN: 00253227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.06.003     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Addicott, H.W., Richards, P.W., 1982. Plate-tectonic map of the Circum-Pacific region Pacific Basin sheet. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources (Map).
2. Andreev S.I. Metallogeny of Ferromanganese Formations of the World Ocean (1994), Nedra, St.-Petersburg 189 pp (In Russian with extended summary in English)
3. Anikeeva, L.I., Gavrilenko, G.M., Rashidov, V.A., Semkova, T.A., Cherkashov, G.A., in press. Ferromanganese crusts of underwater massive Edelstein and underwater volcano close to Paramushir Island. Volcanol. Seisomol. No. 6, (in Russian).
4. Anon, 2002. Volcano World (http://www.volcanoworld.org).
5. Anon, 2005. Global Volcanism Program Volcanic Activity Reports, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (http://www.volcano.si.edu).
6. Avdeiko, G.P., 1993. Submarine vulcanism of Kurile Arc. Dr Sci. thesis, Moscow. 66 pp. (in Russian).
7. Avdeiko G.P., and Krasnov S.G. Sulfide ores and their association with submarine volcanoes and thermal springs in island arcs. Volcanol. Seismol. 7 (1988) 497-516
8. Avdeiko G.P., and Rashidov V.A. Geological setting of volcanoes of the Kurile Arc. In: Puscharovsky Yu.M. (Ed). Submarine Volcanism and Zonation of the Kurile Arc (1992), Nauka, Moscow 7-28 (in Russian)
9. Avdeiko G.P., Volynets O.N., Antonov A.Yu., and Tsvetkov A.A. Kurile island-arc volcanism: structural and petrological aspects. Tectonophysics 199 (1991) 271-287
10. Avdeiko G.P., Volynets O.N., and Rashidov V.A. Catalogue of submarine volcanoes of the Kurile Arc. In: Puscharovsky Yu.M. (Ed). Submarine Volcanism and Zonation of the Kurile Arc (1992), Nauka, Moscow 29-227 (in Russian)
11. Bailey J.C. Role of subducted sediment in the genesis of Kurile-Kamchatka island arc basalts; Sr isotopic and elemental evidence. Geochem. J. 30 (1996) 289-321
12. Bailey J.C., Larsen O., and Frolova T.I. Strontium isotope variations in Lower Quaternary volcanic rocks from the Kurile island arc. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 95 (1987) 155-165
13. Bailey J.C., Frolova T.I., and Burikov I.A. Mineralogy, geochemistry and petrogenesis of Kurile island-arc basalts. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 102 (1989) 265-280
14. Baker E.T., Feely R.A., de Ronde C.E.J., Massoth G.J., and Wright I.C. Submarine hydrothermal venting on the southern Kermadec volcanic arc front (offshore New Zealand): location and extent of particle plume signatures. In: Larter R.D., and Leat P.T. (Eds). Intra-oceanic subduction systems: tectonic and magmatic processes. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. vol. 219 (2004) 141-161
15. Bendel V., Fouquet Y., Auzende J.-M., Lagabrielle Y., Grimaud D., and Urabe T. The White Lady hydrothermal field, North Fiji back-arc basin, Southwest Pacific. Econ. Geol. 88 (1993) 2237-2250
16. Bezrukov P.L., Zenkevich N.L., Kanaev V.F., and Udintsev G.B. Submarine seamounts and volcanoes of Kurile Arc. Proc. Lab. Vulcanol. 13 (1958) 71-88
17. Bogdanov Yu.A., and Sagalevich A.M. Geologic investigations with deep submersibles MIR (2002), Scientific World, Moscow 304 pp. (in Russian)
18. Bogdanov Yu.A., Lisitzin A.P., Binns R.A., Gorshkov A.I., Gurvich E.G., Drits V.A., Dubinina G.A., Bogdanova O.Yu., Sivkov A.V., and Kuptsov V.M. Low-temperature hydrothermal deposits of Franklin seamount, Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea. Mar. Geol. 42 (1997) 99-117
19. Bogdanova O.Yu., Gorshkov A.I., Baranov B.V., Seliverstov N.I., and Sivstov A.V. Hydrothermal deposits from Piip submarine volcano, Komandorskii Basin. Volcanol. Seismol. 11 (1990) 354-373
20. Bondarenko V.I. New submarine caldera nearby Onekotan island, The Kurile islands. Volcanol. Seismol. 12 (1991) 418-421
21. Bondarenko V.I. Seismoacoustic investigations in L'vinaya Past' caldera. Volcanol. Seismol. 13 (1992) 448-458
22. Bondarenko V.I., and Rashidov V.A. Cherny Bratya volcanic Mass (Kurile isles). Volcanol. Seismol. 3 (2003) 35-51 (in Russian)
23. Boström K., Papavassiliou C.T., Ingri J., and Kalogeropoulos S. Geochemistry and structural control of hydrothermal sediments and new hot springs in the caldera of Santorini. In: Hardy D.A. (Ed). Thera and the Aegean World III vol. 2 (1990), Thera Foundation, London 325-336
24. Botcharnikov R.E., Shmulovich K.I., Tkachenko S.I., Korzhinsky M.A., and Rybin A.V. Hydrogen isotope geochemistry and heat balance of a fumarolic system: Kudriavy volcano, Kuriles. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 124 (2003) 45-66
25. Boyd T., Scott S.D., and Hekinian R. Trace element patterns in Fe-Si-Mn oxyhydroxides at three hydrothermally active seafloor regions. Resour. Geol. Spec. Issue 17 (1993) 83-95
26. Chukrov F.V., Gorskhov A.I., Sitsov A.V., and Berezovskaya V.V. About new mineral phases in oceanic manganese micronodules. Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geol. 1 (1979) 83-90 (in Russian)
27. Churikova T., Dorendorf F., and Wörner G. Sources and fluids in the mantle wedge below Kamchatka, evidence from across-arc geochemical variation. J. Petrol. 42 (2001) 1567-1593
28. Cronan D.S., Glasby G.P., Moorby S.A., Thomson J., Knedler K.E., and McDougall J.C. A submarine hydrothermal manganese deposit from the south-west Pacific island arc. Nature 298 (1982) 456-458
29. Cronan D.S., Varnavas S.P., and Hodkinson R. Hydrothermal mineralizing processes and associated sedimentation in Santorini hydrothermal embayments. Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 18 (2000) 77-118
30. DeMets C. Oblique convergence and deformation along the Kuril and Japan trenches. J. Geophys. Res. 97 (1995) 17,615-17,617
31. de Ronde C.E.J., Baker E.T., Masoth G.J., Lupton J.E., Wright I.C., Feely R.A., and Greene R.R. Intra-ocean subduction-related hydrothermal venting, Kermadec volcanic arc, New Zealand. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 193 (2001) 359-369
32. de Ronde C.E., Faure K., Bray C., and Chappell D.A. Hydrothermal fluids associated with seafloor mineralization at the southern Kermadec arc volcanoes, offshore New Zealand. Mineral. Deposita 38 (2003) 217-233
33. de Ronde C.E.J., Massoth G.J., Baker E.T., and Lupton J.E. Submarine hydrothermal venting related to volcanic arcs. In: Simmons S.F., and Graham I.J. (Eds). Volcanic, Geothermal, and Ore Forming Fluids: Rulers and Witnesses of Processes within the Earth. Soc. Econ. Geol. Spec. Publ. vol. 10 (2003) 91-110
34. Eckhardt J.-D., Glasby G.P., Puchelt H., and Berner Z. Hydrothermal manganese crusts from Enareta and Palinuro Seamounts in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 15 (1997) 175-208
35. Embley R.W., Baker E.T., Chadwick W.W., Lupton J.E., Resing J.A., Massoth G.J., and Nakamura K. Explorations of Mariana Arc volcanoes reveal new hydrothermal systems. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 85 4 (2004) 37-40
36. Erlich E.N. Geology of calderas of Kamchatka and Kurile Islands with comparison to calderas of Japan and Aleutians, Alaska. U.G. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rep. (1986) 86-291 300 pp
37. Fedorchenko V.I., Abdurahmanov A.I., and Rodionova R.I. Vulkanism of Kurile Arc: Geology and Petrogenesis (1989), Nauka, Moscow 237 pp. (in Russian)
38. Fisher T.P., Giggenbach W.F., Sano Y., and Williams S.N. Fluxes and sources of volatiles discharged from Kudryavy, a subduction zone volcano, Kurile Islands. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 160 (1998) 81-96
39. Fiske R.S., Naka J., Iizasa K., Yuasa M., and Klaus A. Submarine silicic caldera at the front of the Izu-Bonin Arc, Japan: voluminous seafloor eruptions of rhyolite pumice. GSA Bull. 113 (2001) 813-824
40. Fouquet Y., von Stackelberg U., Charlou J.L., Erzinger J., Herzig P.M., Mühe R., and Wiedecke M. Metallogenesis in back-arc environments: the Lau Basin example. Econ. Geol. 88 (1993) 2154-2182
41. Gamo T., and Glasby G.P. Submarine hydrothermal activity in coastal zones. In: Taneguchi M., Wang K., and Gamo T. (Eds). Land and Sea Hydrogeology (2003), Elsevier, Amsterdam 151-163
42. Gavrilenko G.M. Esmeraldo submarine volcano and associated Fe-Mn ore formation. Volcanol. Seismol. 1 (1981) 51-55 (In Russian)
43. Gavrilenko G.M. Under-water volcanic and hydrothermal activity as a source of metals in the ferromanganesian formations of the island arcs (1997), Dal'nauka, Vladivostok 165 pp. (In Russian)
44. Gavrilenko G.M., and Khramov S.V. Ferromanganese formations of the submarine slopes of the Kuril Island Arc. Volcanol. Seismol. 8 (1989) 278-284
45. Gavrilenko G.M., Bondarenko V.I., and Sazonov A.P. Marine volcanological explorations at Kraternaya Bay. Mar. Biol. 3 (1989) 19-28 (In Russian)
46. Glasby G.P. Manganese: predominant role of nodules and crusts. In: Schulz H.D., and Zabel M. (Eds). Marine Geochemistry Second Edition (2006), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 371-428
47. Glasby G.P., and Notsu K. Submarine hydrothermal mineralization in the Okinawa Trough, SW of Japan: an overview. Ore Geol. Rev. 23 (2003) 299-339
48. Glasby G.P., Iizasa K., Yuasa M., and Usui A. Submarine hydrothermal mineralization on the Izu-Bonin Arc, south of Japan: an overview. Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 18 (2000) 141-176
49. Gorshkov G.S. Kurile Islands catalog of active volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields 7 (1958), IAVCEI, Rome 1-99
50. Gorshkov G.S. Volcanism and the upper mantle: investigations in the Kurile Island Arc (1970), Plenum Press, N.Y 385 pp
51. Gorshkov A.P. Volcanic activity of the Kuril Arc (1971), Nauka, Moscow 424 pp. (In Russian)
52. Gorshkov A.P., Gavrilenko G.M., Seliverstov N.I., and Scripko K.A. Geologic structure and fumarolic activity of the Esmeralda submarine volcano. Internat. Symp. on the Activity of Oceanic Volcanoes (1982), S. Miguel Azores, Ponta Delgada 271-298
53. Gorshkov A.P., Bogdanov O.A., and Sivtsov A.V. Petrography and mineralogy of the ores from Tadjura Rift. Tadjura Rift Geology (1987), Nauka, Moscow 65-78 (in Russian)
54. Haghipour, A. (General Co-ordinator) 2001. Seismotectonic Map of the World Scale 1: 25,000,000. Commission for the Geological Map of the World (Map).
55. Halbach P., Pracejus B., and Marten A. Geology and mineralogy of massive sulfide ores from the central Okinawa Trough, Japan. Econ. Geol. 88 (1993) 2210-2226
56. Hannington M.D., Herzig P.M., and Scott S.D. Auriferous hydrothermal precipitates on the modern seafloor. In: Foster R.P. (Ed). Gold Metallogeny and Exploration (1991), Blackie & Sons, Glasgow 249-282
57. Hannington M.D., Herzig P.M., Stoffers P., Scholten J., Botz R., Garbe-Schönberg D., Jonasson I.R., and Roest W. First observations of high-temperature submarine hydrothermal vents and massive anhydrite deposits off the north coast of Iceland. Mar. Geol. 177 (2001) 199-220
58. Haňus V., and Vaněk J. Earthquake distribution and volcanism in Kamchatka, Kurile Islands, and Hokkaido Part 1: Kamchatka and northern Kuriles. Studia Geophys. Geod. 28 (1984) 36-55
59. Haňus V., and Vaněk J. Earthquake distribution and volcanism in Kamchatka, Kurile Islands, and Hokkaido Part 2: central Kuriles. Studia Geophys. Geod. 28 36-55 (1984) 129-148
60. Haňus V., and Vaněk J. Earthquake distribution and volcanism in Kamchatka, Kurile Islands, and Hokkaido Part 3: southern Kuriles and Kamchatka. Studia Geophys. Geod. 28 (1984) 271
61. Haňus V., and Vaněk J. Structure of the Wadati-Benioff zones and volcanism produced by the process of subduction. Tectonophysics 112 (1985) 51-67
62. Haňus V., and Vaněk J. Deep structure, volcanism and the Wadati-Benioff zone of the northwestern Pacific convergent plate margin. J. Geodyn. 10 (1988) 25-41
63. Hein J.R. Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts: global distribution, composition, origin and research activities. Minerals other than polymetallic nodules of the international seabed area Proceedings of a workshop held on 26-30 June 2000 in Kingston, Jamaica, Volume 1 (2004) 188-272
64. Hein J.R., Koschinsky A., Halbach P., Mamheim F.T., Bau M., Kang J.-K., and Lubrich N. Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific. In: Nicholson K., Hein J.R., Bühn B., and Dasgupta S. (Eds). Manganese mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. vol. 119 (1997) 123-138
65. Hekinian R., Hoffert M., Larqué P., Chemineé J.L., Stoffers P., and Bideau D. Hydrothermal Fe and Si oxyhydroxide deposits from South Pacific intraplate volcanoes and East Pacific Rise axial and off-axial regions. Econ. Geol. 88 (1993) 2099-2122
66. Herzig P.M., von Stackelberg U., and Petersen S. Hydrothermal mineralization for the Valu Fa Ridge, Lau back arc basin (SW Pacific). Mar. Min. 9 (1990) 271-301
67. Iizasa K., Fiske R.S., Ishizuka O., Yuasa M., Hashimoto J., Ishibashi J., Naka J., Horii Y., Fujiwara Y., Imai A., and Koyama S. A kuroko-type polymetallic sulfide deposit in a submarine silicic caldera. Science 283 (1999) 975-977
68. Iizasa K., Sasaki M., Matsumoto K., Shiokawa S., Tanahashi M., and on-board scientists. A first extensive huydrothermal field associated with kuroko-type deposit in a silicic caldera in a nascent rift zone, Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin), Japan. Oceans '04 MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04 November 9-12, 2004 Kobe, Japan (2004) 991-996
69. Ilyev A.Ya., Voronova V.A., Zaharova M.A., et al. Seafloor sediments from the southern part of the Okhotsk Sea (1979), Nauka, Moscow 148 pp. (in Russian)
70. Inoue, E., et al., 1987. Plate-tectonic map of the Circum-Pacific region Northwest Quadrant. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources (Map).
71. Ishibashi J.-i., and Urabe T. Hydrothermal activity related to arc magmatism in the western Pacific. In: Taylor B. (Ed). Backarc Basins: Tectonics and Magmatism (1995), Plenum Press, N.Y 451-495
72. Ishikawa T., and Tera F. Source, composition and distribution of the fluid in the Kurile mantle wedge from across-arc variations of B/Nb and B isotopes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 152 (1997) 123-138
73. Kasahara J., Sato T., Mochizuki T., and Kobayashi K. Paleotectonic structures and their influence on recent seismo-tectonics in the south Kuril subduction zone. Isl. Arc 6 (1997) 267-280
74. Kimura G. Oblique subduction and collision: forearc tectonics of the Kuril arc. Geology 14 (1986) 404-407
75. Kononov V.I. Geothermal resources of Russia and their utilization. Lithol. Miner. Resour. 2 (2002) 115-123
76. Korzhinsky M.A., Tkachenko S.I., Shmulovich K.I., Taran Y.A., and Steinberg G.S. Discovery of a pure rhenium mineral at Kudriavy volcano. Nature 369 (1994) 51-52
77. Korzhinskii M.A., Tkachenko S.I., Bulgakov R.F., and Shmulovich K.I. Condensate compositions and native metals in sublimates in high-temperature gas streams of Kudryavyi Volcano, Iturup Island, Kurile islands. Geochem. Int. 34 (1996) 1057-1064
78. Koski R., German C.R., and Hein J.R. Fate of hydrothermal products from mid-ocean Ridge hydrothermal systems. In: Halbach P.E., Tunnicliffe V., and Hein J.R. (Eds). Energy and Mass Transfer in Marine Hydrothermal Systems (2003), Dahlem University Press, Berlin 316-335
79. Kostenko N.P., Korchuganova N.I., and Dunaeva N.N. Modern geological structure of Kuriles-Kamchatka region. Oceanology 38 (1998) 293-394
80. Kuhn T., Bostock B.C., Koschinsky A., Halbach P., and Fendorf S. Enrichment of Mo in hydrothermal Mn precipitates: possible Mo sources, formation process and phase associations. Chem. Geol. 199 (2003) 329-343
81. Kuhn T., Herzig P.M., Mau S., Hannington M.D., and Jonasson I.R. The Grimsey field: a shallow-marine hydrothermal system north of Iceland. In: Eliopoulos, et al. (Ed). Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development (2003), Millpress, Rotterdam 139-142
82. Lazur Yu.M., Varentsov I.M., and Ermilov V.V. Dispersed Mn-Fe-Ti-Cu-Zn mineralization in hydrothermal and pelagic deposits from Galapagos Rift zone (70th cruise of "Glomar Challenger"). Geochem. Int. 23 6 (1986) 151-157
83. Marhinin Eu.K., and Stratula D.S. Hydrothermal activity in the Kuril Islands (1977), Nauka, Moscow 212 pp. (In Russian)
84. Massoth G.J., de Ronde C.E.J., Lupton J.E., Feely R.A., Baker E.T., Lebon G.T., and Maenner S.M. Chemically rich and diverse submarine hydrothermal plumes of the southern Kermadec volcanic arc (New Zealand). In: Larter R.D., and Leat P.T. (Eds). Intra-oceanic subduction systems: tectonic and magmatic processes. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 219 (2004) 119-139
85. Moorby S.A., Cronan D.S., and Glasby G.P. Geochemistry of hydrothermal Mn-oxide deposits from the S.W. Pacific island arc. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48 (1984) 433-441
86. Moore, G.W., 1990. Geodynamic map of the Circum-Pacific Region Arctic Sheet. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources (Map).
87. Moore, G.W., 1992. Plate-tectonic map of the Circum-Pacific Region Arctic Sheet. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources (Map).
88. Nanayama F., Satake K., Furukawa R., Shimokawa K., Atwater B., Shigeno K., and Yamaki S. Unusually large earthquakes inferred from tsunami deposits along the Kurile Trench. Nature 424 (2003) 660-663
89. Nishikawa, C., et al.,1987. Geodynamic map of the Circum-Pacific region Northwest Quadrant. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources (Map).
90. Orlov A.A. Fe-Mn forms from Okhotsk sea. Geological settings of Okhotsk sea region. Far East Sciences Center of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, Vladivostok (1982) 101-106 (in Russian)
91. Ostapenko V.F. Submarine volcanoes of Kurile Arc and geological evolution of Kuriles-Kamchatka region. Rep. Russ. Acad. Sci. 242 (1979) 168-171
92. Ostapenko V.F., and Kichina E.N. Petrology of Kurile Islands. Geolology of Far East Seas. Vladivostok (1977) 24-45
93. Papavassiliou C., Boström K., Paritsis S., Galanopoulos V., Arvantides N., and Kalogeropoulos S. Drilling in an ore-forming shallow hydrothermal system, Santorini Volcano, Greece. In: Hardy D.A. (Ed). Thera and the Aegean World III vol. 2 (1990), Thera Foundation, London 250-256
94. Petrachenko E.D. Mineralization of the Kuril Island arc. Resour. Geol. Spec. Issue 18 (1995) 271-276
95. Rogers T.D.S., Hodkinson R.A., and Cronan D.S. Hydrothermal manganese deposits from the Tonga-Kermadec Ridge and Lau Basin region, Southwest Pacific. Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 19 (2001) 245-268
96. Ryan J.G., Morris J.D., Tera F., Leeman W.P., and Tsvetkov A. Cross-arc geochemical variations in the Kurile arc as a function of slab depth. Science 270 (1995) 625-627
97. Sagalevich A.M., Torokhov P.V., Matveenkov V.V., Galkin S.V., and Moskalev L.I. Hydrothermal deposits of the Piip volcano (Bering Sea). Proceedings of Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Geology vol. 9 (1992) 104-114 (in Russian)
98. Seliverstov N.I. Seabed structure near Kamchatka and geodynamic joint zone Kurile-Kamchatka and Aleutian Arcs (1988), Nauka Mir, Moscow 164 pp. (in Russian)
99. Seliverstov N.I., Avdeiko G.P., Ivanenko A.N., et al. New submarine volcano in the west part of Aleutian Arc. Volcanol. Seismol 4 (1986) 3-16 (in Russian)
100. Seliverstov N.I., Gavrilenko G.M., and Kiryanov V.Yu. Modern activity of Piip volcano, Komandorsky Basin. Volcanol. Seismol. 11 (1991) 757-779
101. Seliverstov N.I., Torohov P.V., and Baranov B.V. Piip submarine volcano: the structure-tectonic control, geological settings and hydrothermal activity. Volcanol. Seismol. 2 (1995) 50-71 (in Russian)
102. In: Sergeyev K.S., and Krasny M.L. (Eds). Geology-Geophysical Atlas of the Kuril-Kamchatka Island System (1987), Ministry of Geology of the USSR, Academy of Sciences of the USSR Ministry of Gas industry of the USSR, Leningrad 36 sheets (in Russian and English)
103. Skornyakova N.S. Chemical composition of Fe-Mn nodules from the Pacific Ocean (1976), Nauka, Moscow 190-204 (in Russian)
104. Skornyakova N.S., Baturin G.N., Gurvich E.G., et al. Fe-Mn nodules and crusts from Japan Sea. Rep. Acad. Sci. USSR 293 2 (1987) 430-434 (in Russian)
105. Severmann S., Mills R.A., Palmer M.R., and Fallick A.E. The origin of clay minerals in active and relict hydrothermal deposits. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 68 (2004) 73-88
106. Taira A. Tectonic evolution of the Japanese island arc system. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 29 (2001) 109-134
107. Tarakanov R.Z. Seismicity Distribution of earthquake epicentres 1: 3 000 000 quantitiative characteristics of seismicity. In: Sergeyev K.S., and Krasny M.L. (Eds). Geology-Geophysical Atlas of the Kuril-Kamchatka Island System (1987), Ministry of Geology of the USSR, Academy of Sciences of the USSR Ministry of Gas industry of the USSR, Leningrad Sheet 33 (in Russian and English)
108. Taran Yu.A., Pilipenko V.P., Rozhkov A.M., and Vakin E.A. A geochemical model of fumaroles of the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka, USSR. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 49 (1992) 269-283
109. Taran Yu.A., Hedenquist J.W., Korzhinsky M.A., Tkachenko S.I., and Shmulovich K.I. Geochemistry of volcanic gases from Kudryavy volcano, Iturup, Kuril Islands. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59 (1995) 1749-1761
110. Tarasov V.G., Propp M.V., Propp L.N., Zhirmunsky A.V., Namsaraev B.B., Gorlenko V.M., and Starynin D.A. Shallow-water gasohydrothermal vents of Ushishir Volcano and the ecosystem of Kraternaya Bight (The Kurile Islands). Mar. Ecol. 11 (1990) 1-23
111. Thompson G., Mottl M.J., and Rona P.A. Morphology, mineralogy and chemistry of hydrothermal deposits from the TAG area, 26°N, mid-Atlantic Ridge. Chem. Geol. 49 (1985) 243-257
112. Tolstykh M.L., Naumar V.B., and Kononkava N.N. Three types of melt in the basaltic andesite from the Medvezh'ya caldera, Iturup, southern Kurile islands. Geochem. Int. 35 (1997) 339-345
113. Torokhov P.V. Sulphide mineralization in hydrothermal deposits of the Piip volcano (Bering Sea). Rep. Acad. Sci. 326 6 (1992) 1060-1063 (in Russian)
114. Toth J.R. Deposition of submarine crusts rich in manganese and iron. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. Part I 91 (1980) 44-55
115. Tsvetkov A.A. Magmatism of the westernmost (Komandorsky) segment of the Aleutian Island Arc. Tectonophysics 199 (1991) 289-317
116. Usui A., and Glasby G.P. Submarine hydrothermal manganese deposits in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc: an overview. Isl. Arc 7 (1998) 422-431
117. Usui, A., Iizasa, K., 2002. Northwestern Pacific marine minerals data base (http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/db058/index.html).
118. Usui A., and Someya M. Distribution and composition of marine hydrogenetic and hydrothermal manganese deposits in the northwest Pacific. In: Nicholson K., Hein J.R., Bühn B., and Dasgupta S. (Eds). Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. vol. 119 (1997) 177-198
119. von Huene R., and Scholl D.W. Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust. Rev. Geophys. 29 (1991) 279-316
120. Wahrenberger C., Seward T.M., and Dietrich V. Volatile trace-element transport in high-temperature gases from Kudriavy volcano (Iterup, Kurile Islands, Russia). In: Hellmann R., and Wood S.D. (Eds). Water-Rock Interactions, Ore Deposits, and Environmental Geochemistry. Geochem. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. vol. 7 (2002) 307-327
121. Wei D., and Seno T. Determination of the Amurian plate motion. In: Flower M.F.J., Chung S.-L., Lo C.-H., and Lee T.-Y. (Eds). Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia. AGU Geodynamics vol. 27 (1998) 246-337
122. Wright I.C., de Ronde C.E.J., Faure K., and Gamble J.A. Discovery of hydrothermal mineralization from southern Kermadec arc volcanoes (SW Pacific). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 164 (2001) 335-343
123. 86Sr ratios in recent magmatic rocks of the Kurile island arc. Chem. Geol. 66 (1987) 227-243